Antimicrobial peptides
... The peptides according to the invention could permit to diminish the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, by replacing a part of the latter. Due to the harmlessness of AMPs, their use Would bene?t brand image, but also health of the animals to be treated, customers and the environment, With no fear to ...
... The peptides according to the invention could permit to diminish the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, by replacing a part of the latter. Due to the harmlessness of AMPs, their use Would bene?t brand image, but also health of the animals to be treated, customers and the environment, With no fear to ...
Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and
... synthesis. (ii) Amino acids are fuels and are metabolised by most cells with a similar energy yield as carbohydrates. (iii) Amino acids are the precursors for many hormones, neurotransmitters and other specialised metabolites such as polyamines, creatine, phosphatidylserine etc. (iv) Amino acids are ...
... synthesis. (ii) Amino acids are fuels and are metabolised by most cells with a similar energy yield as carbohydrates. (iii) Amino acids are the precursors for many hormones, neurotransmitters and other specialised metabolites such as polyamines, creatine, phosphatidylserine etc. (iv) Amino acids are ...
Updated slides on graph algorithms for DNA sequencing
... • Normally bacteriophage T4 (a virus) kills bacteria • However if T4 is mutated (e.g., an important gene is deleted) it gets disabled and loses an ability to kill bacteria • Suppose the bacteria is infected with two different mutants each of which is disabled – would the bacteria still survive? • Am ...
... • Normally bacteriophage T4 (a virus) kills bacteria • However if T4 is mutated (e.g., an important gene is deleted) it gets disabled and loses an ability to kill bacteria • Suppose the bacteria is infected with two different mutants each of which is disabled – would the bacteria still survive? • Am ...
The Nicotiana tabacum genome encodes two cytoplasmic
... kit from Stratagene, according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. From the partial genomic phage library, 400 O00 plaques of the recombinant bacteriophage were plated at a density of about 50 O00 per plate, transferred onto Hybond N f membrane (Amersham) and screened with the thioredoxin X5 ...
... kit from Stratagene, according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. From the partial genomic phage library, 400 O00 plaques of the recombinant bacteriophage were plated at a density of about 50 O00 per plate, transferred onto Hybond N f membrane (Amersham) and screened with the thioredoxin X5 ...
Conformational changes in actin–myosin isoforms probed by Ni(II
... Crucial information concerning conformational changes that occur during the mechanochemical cycle of actin– myosin complexes is lacking due to the difficulties encountered in obtaining their three-dimensional structures. To obtain such information, we employed a solution-based approach through the re ...
... Crucial information concerning conformational changes that occur during the mechanochemical cycle of actin– myosin complexes is lacking due to the difficulties encountered in obtaining their three-dimensional structures. To obtain such information, we employed a solution-based approach through the re ...
lecture6
... The b-oxidation pathway accomplishes the complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis (Section 22.4.3). However, not all fatty acids are so simple. The oxidation of fatty acids containing ...
... The b-oxidation pathway accomplishes the complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis (Section 22.4.3). However, not all fatty acids are so simple. The oxidation of fatty acids containing ...
Real-time PCR Handbook
... since longer products do not amplify as efficiently. In general, primers should be 18–24 nucleotides in length. This provides for practical annealing temperatures. Primers should be designed according to standard PCR guidelines. They should be specific for the target sequence and be free of internal ...
... since longer products do not amplify as efficiently. In general, primers should be 18–24 nucleotides in length. This provides for practical annealing temperatures. Primers should be designed according to standard PCR guidelines. They should be specific for the target sequence and be free of internal ...
Module 3 Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
... D. All of the above E. None of the above 17. ATP is a cosubstrate of the enzyme PFK-1. In most species ATP is also an inhibitor of PFK-1 at higher concentrations. This seems to violate Le Chatelier's Principle. Which statement below would provide a suitable explanation? A. PFK-1 must be phosphorylat ...
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late
... using the plasmid vector pBR322, and the resulting recombinant plasmids were introduced into Salmonella typhimurium. The genes present on a cloned fragment were identified by the ability of the hybrid plasmid to complement or recombine with P22 amber mutations in known genes when mutant phage were u ...
... using the plasmid vector pBR322, and the resulting recombinant plasmids were introduced into Salmonella typhimurium. The genes present on a cloned fragment were identified by the ability of the hybrid plasmid to complement or recombine with P22 amber mutations in known genes when mutant phage were u ...
Organic Molecules
... are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
... are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
lecture6
... The pathway from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA is especially interesting because it entails a rearrangement thatrequires vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin). Propionyl CoA is carboxylated at the expense of the hydrolysis of an ATP to yield the d isomer of methylmalonyl CoA (Figure 22.11). This car ...
... The pathway from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA is especially interesting because it entails a rearrangement thatrequires vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin). Propionyl CoA is carboxylated at the expense of the hydrolysis of an ATP to yield the d isomer of methylmalonyl CoA (Figure 22.11). This car ...
The Complete Oxidation of Palmitate Yields 106 Molecules of ATP
... The pathway from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA is especially interesting because it entails a rearrangement thatrequires vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin). Propionyl CoA is carboxylated at the expense of the hydrolysis of an ATP to yield the d isomer of methylmalonyl CoA (Figure 22.11). This car ...
... The pathway from propionyl CoA to succinyl CoA is especially interesting because it entails a rearrangement thatrequires vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin). Propionyl CoA is carboxylated at the expense of the hydrolysis of an ATP to yield the d isomer of methylmalonyl CoA (Figure 22.11). This car ...
FATTY ACID METABOLISM
... • This activation reaction takes place on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is catalyzed by acyl CoA synthase (also called fatty acid thiokinase). ...
... • This activation reaction takes place on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is catalyzed by acyl CoA synthase (also called fatty acid thiokinase). ...
Amino Acid and Peptide Immobilization on Oxidized Nanocellulose
... helps regenerate the catalyst TEMPO during the reaction. Using this oxidative reaction, it was found that cellulose could be completely converted into water-soluble polyglucuronic acid [17,18]. In the case of native cellulose fibers, the oxidation proceeded throughout the fibers but occurred only at ...
... helps regenerate the catalyst TEMPO during the reaction. Using this oxidative reaction, it was found that cellulose could be completely converted into water-soluble polyglucuronic acid [17,18]. In the case of native cellulose fibers, the oxidation proceeded throughout the fibers but occurred only at ...
AN ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE RECOMBINANT HORSE INSULIN D
... recombinant DNA techniques and an understanding of the insulin gene. Manufacturers manipulate the biological precursor to insulin so that it grows inside simple bacteria. While manufacturers each have their own variations, there are two basic methods to manufacture human insulin. One method of manuf ...
... recombinant DNA techniques and an understanding of the insulin gene. Manufacturers manipulate the biological precursor to insulin so that it grows inside simple bacteria. While manufacturers each have their own variations, there are two basic methods to manufacture human insulin. One method of manuf ...
b156 - IPB Repository - Bogor Agricultural University
... typical forms of shoyu – koikuchi, tamari and shiro shoyu – can be differentiated, primarily due to their different raw material compositions. These are thought to contribute to the different types and compositions of breakdown products that are released during fermentation, which consequently impar ...
... typical forms of shoyu – koikuchi, tamari and shiro shoyu – can be differentiated, primarily due to their different raw material compositions. These are thought to contribute to the different types and compositions of breakdown products that are released during fermentation, which consequently impar ...
Viva Voce : Orals in Biochemistry
... Saturated fatty acids: All the naturally occuring fatty acids have even number of ‘c’ atoms. Most predominant fatty acids which occur in nature are: (i) Palmitic acid ...
... Saturated fatty acids: All the naturally occuring fatty acids have even number of ‘c’ atoms. Most predominant fatty acids which occur in nature are: (i) Palmitic acid ...
to view
... to understand different topics of NCERT. Try to read NCERT Biology book daily and give equal emphasis on revising learned chapters. Proper revision is mandatory to secure good marks in Biology. Try to solve objective questions of Biology more and more to attempt 1 mark question in the board exam. Yo ...
... to understand different topics of NCERT. Try to read NCERT Biology book daily and give equal emphasis on revising learned chapters. Proper revision is mandatory to secure good marks in Biology. Try to solve objective questions of Biology more and more to attempt 1 mark question in the board exam. Yo ...
Cloning and functional characterization of a new subtype of the
... tolerance, meaning that it retains its transport activity even when Na⫹ is replaced with Li⫹. This system also shows marked pH dependence. Its activity is very low at pH 6.0–6.5 but increases severalfold when the pH is changed from 6.5 to 8.5. Subsequent studies have shown that there may be differen ...
... tolerance, meaning that it retains its transport activity even when Na⫹ is replaced with Li⫹. This system also shows marked pH dependence. Its activity is very low at pH 6.0–6.5 but increases severalfold when the pH is changed from 6.5 to 8.5. Subsequent studies have shown that there may be differen ...
Metabolism and function of bile acids
... Fig. 4. The bile acid biosyntheticpathways.The classical pathway operates entirely in the liver. In other tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand t ...
... Fig. 4. The bile acid biosyntheticpathways.The classical pathway operates entirely in the liver. In other tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand t ...
MCPBA (m-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid) - Sigma
... In nonconjugated dienes the more substituted double bond is selectively epoxidized. ...
... In nonconjugated dienes the more substituted double bond is selectively epoxidized. ...
Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides
... than 40 in vitro methods are known to assess the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds and mixtures [17–20]. ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) radical cation and peroxyl radical are widely used in vitro to characterize natural antioxidants, the corresponding assays k ...
... than 40 in vitro methods are known to assess the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds and mixtures [17–20]. ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) radical cation and peroxyl radical are widely used in vitro to characterize natural antioxidants, the corresponding assays k ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.