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Lecture 13 Electrophoresis (Part-I)
Lecture 13 Electrophoresis (Part-I)

... charged molecule moves to their counter charge electrodes but electric field is removed before it reaches the electrode. Movement of charged species in an electric field gives differential mobility to the sample based on the charge and consequently resolve them. Movement of the charged particle is r ...
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... Genetics is that branch of biology concerned with heredity and variation. The hereditary units that are transmitted from one generation to the next (inherited) are called genes. The genes reside in a long molecule called d coxy ri bo nucleic acid (DNA). The DNA, in conjunction with a protein matrix, ...
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... in viral genomes (Simon-Loriere et al. 2013). Indeed, the evolution of double-coding nucleic acid sequences is highly constrained as any mutation affects both genes and may affect both associated proteins. Overlapping coding regions in viruses could thus represent favorable therapeutic targets, wher ...
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... Fermentation is the first step of cocoa processing for chocolate production. It is led by a complex microbial consortium essentially composed of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and Bacillus which impact strongly the quality of cocoa and chocolate [1,2]. During cocoa fe ...
Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Capable to Breakdown Citric Acid
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... Fermentation is the first step of cocoa processing for chocolate production. It is led by a complex microbial consortium essentially composed of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and Bacillus which impact strongly the quality of cocoa and chocolate [1,2]. During cocoa fe ...
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... by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), or catalyzed by enzymes, such as lipoxygenases (LOX) [1]. The primary hydoperoxyde products are further converted into a large variety of oxylipin classes, through an array of alternative and subsequent reactions, having crucial signaling functions ...
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... in the endoplasmic reticulum and participate in the metabolic elimination of many endogenous compounds and xenobiotics (1). Compounds with a wide variety of chemical moieties, such as amines, hydroxylated compounds, and carboxylic acids, are substrates for UGT isoforms. UGTs that are members of the ...
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... (coupling capacity, written on the box is expressed in mmol/g);  BHA and MBHA resin (the NH2 content is given on the box) Attachment of the first amino acid is usually performed with 100% yield; the resin capacity will be the same;  Coupling of p-hydroxymethyl-phenoxy acetic acid containing Bocami ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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