Structural and mechanistic studies of enolase George H Reed
... water might serve as the base catalyst [16]. This early structure, however, lacked the second equivalent of Mg2+, and electron density was ambiguous with respect to the positions of the carboxylate and hydroxymethyl moieties of the substrate. Moreover, the structure of the bis Mg z+ complex with PhA ...
... water might serve as the base catalyst [16]. This early structure, however, lacked the second equivalent of Mg2+, and electron density was ambiguous with respect to the positions of the carboxylate and hydroxymethyl moieties of the substrate. Moreover, the structure of the bis Mg z+ complex with PhA ...
Wax ester fermentation and fatty acid biosynthesis in the facultatively
... They are considered as essential functional component of the cell because of their capability to generate energy by aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (Henze and Martin 2003; McBride et al. 2006). The electrons, generated by the oxidation of nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series ...
... They are considered as essential functional component of the cell because of their capability to generate energy by aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (Henze and Martin 2003; McBride et al. 2006). The electrons, generated by the oxidation of nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series ...
Full-Text PDF
... for the loss of the kanamycin marker. One kanamycin-sensitive clone obtained in this manner (P. putida LS461) with a deletion of the phaC1phaZphaC2 region was confirmed by PCR amplification, The PHA synthesis phenotypes of the parental strain P. putida LS46 and the deletion mutant P. putida LS461 we ...
... for the loss of the kanamycin marker. One kanamycin-sensitive clone obtained in this manner (P. putida LS461) with a deletion of the phaC1phaZphaC2 region was confirmed by PCR amplification, The PHA synthesis phenotypes of the parental strain P. putida LS46 and the deletion mutant P. putida LS461 we ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document: PROGRAMMED
... The PTC is located at the bottom of the large cleft on the interface side of the large subunit underneath the central protuberance (Polacek & Mankin, 2005; Rodnina et al, 2006). The acceptor ends of the tRNAs meet at the bottom of the funnel-shaped active site above the entrance to the peptide exit ...
... The PTC is located at the bottom of the large cleft on the interface side of the large subunit underneath the central protuberance (Polacek & Mankin, 2005; Rodnina et al, 2006). The acceptor ends of the tRNAs meet at the bottom of the funnel-shaped active site above the entrance to the peptide exit ...
Molecular Plant-Microbio Interactions
... evaluated as DNA intercalating, anticancer agents that inhibit topoisomerase I and II (Gamage et al. 2002; Rewcastle et al. 1987). Both topoisomerases are essential in dividing and proliferating cells because they regulate DNA topology by allowing single- and double-stranded DNA to pass through each ...
... evaluated as DNA intercalating, anticancer agents that inhibit topoisomerase I and II (Gamage et al. 2002; Rewcastle et al. 1987). Both topoisomerases are essential in dividing and proliferating cells because they regulate DNA topology by allowing single- and double-stranded DNA to pass through each ...
SUPPORTING FILE S1 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL AND
... 0.05 mL of 20 % SDS were added to the sample. The sample was incubated for 15 min at 4 °C with gentle agitation. The extract was centrifuged at 14,000 g for 30 min at 4 °C. The protein ...
... 0.05 mL of 20 % SDS were added to the sample. The sample was incubated for 15 min at 4 °C with gentle agitation. The extract was centrifuged at 14,000 g for 30 min at 4 °C. The protein ...
Polymers - Complete
... a five-carbon sugar (pentose) a nitrogen-containing base (also called nitrogenous base) a phosphate group ...
... a five-carbon sugar (pentose) a nitrogen-containing base (also called nitrogenous base) a phosphate group ...
Nonsensemediated decay of glutathione peroxidase 1 mRNA in the
... the resulting cytoplasmic mRNA and (ii) an exon±exon junction located >50±55 nucleotides downstream of a translation termination codon functions to elicit cytoplasmic NMD, as is the case for nucleus-associated NMD. We go on to show using a doxycycline-repressible promoter to drive GPx1 gene expressi ...
... the resulting cytoplasmic mRNA and (ii) an exon±exon junction located >50±55 nucleotides downstream of a translation termination codon functions to elicit cytoplasmic NMD, as is the case for nucleus-associated NMD. We go on to show using a doxycycline-repressible promoter to drive GPx1 gene expressi ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... selected from a pectate lyase-encoding gene of the Y family (Darrasse et al. 1994), were also used. PCR amplification was carried out as described but with the following thermal regime: 94C/10 min, 25x (94C/60 s, 67C/60 s, 72C/ 30 s) and 72C/10 min. Amplicons were resolved by agarose gel electr ...
... selected from a pectate lyase-encoding gene of the Y family (Darrasse et al. 1994), were also used. PCR amplification was carried out as described but with the following thermal regime: 94C/10 min, 25x (94C/60 s, 67C/60 s, 72C/ 30 s) and 72C/10 min. Amplicons were resolved by agarose gel electr ...
Characterization of NAD Salvage Pathways and their Role in
... primarily responsible for nicotinamide riboside import. Furthermore, a pnuC mutant is ...
... primarily responsible for nicotinamide riboside import. Furthermore, a pnuC mutant is ...
as a PDF
... represent two subsequent pathways with the enzymes of urea synthesis being periportal and glutamine synthetase being perivenous (fig. 4) (48). From a kinetic point of view hepatic ammonium detoxication occurs by the sequence of a periportal low affmity, but high capacity System (ureogenesis) and a p ...
... represent two subsequent pathways with the enzymes of urea synthesis being periportal and glutamine synthetase being perivenous (fig. 4) (48). From a kinetic point of view hepatic ammonium detoxication occurs by the sequence of a periportal low affmity, but high capacity System (ureogenesis) and a p ...
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... applied to all clinical diagnostic laboratory testing and not just molecular.” DV & Associates, Inc. ...
... applied to all clinical diagnostic laboratory testing and not just molecular.” DV & Associates, Inc. ...
Oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids
... mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
... mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
Folate Metabolism and MTHFR
... enzymes. Enzymes: produced by genes. Enzymes are actively moving and functioning proteins which do work. Enzymes require specific pH, substrates and cofactors in order to do work Cofactor: typically a mineral or vitamin which enables an enzymes to function properly ...
... enzymes. Enzymes: produced by genes. Enzymes are actively moving and functioning proteins which do work. Enzymes require specific pH, substrates and cofactors in order to do work Cofactor: typically a mineral or vitamin which enables an enzymes to function properly ...
Variability of Wax Ester Fermentation in Natural and Bleached
... and most of the ATP, produced via oxidative phosphorylation gracilis, is able to perform a unique wax ester fermentation, in which the fatty acid synthesis serves as electron sink when the wax esters are synthesized from its polysaccharide paramylon (b-1-3glucan) (Inui et al. 1984). In the absence o ...
... and most of the ATP, produced via oxidative phosphorylation gracilis, is able to perform a unique wax ester fermentation, in which the fatty acid synthesis serves as electron sink when the wax esters are synthesized from its polysaccharide paramylon (b-1-3glucan) (Inui et al. 1984). In the absence o ...
PDF - Biology Direct
... features with it. The coevolution theory proposes that the first code incorporated only a small number of amino acids and that the later amino acids were added sequentially to the code. The earliest amino acids are those that are simplest to synthesize, either by prebiotic chemistry in the environme ...
... features with it. The coevolution theory proposes that the first code incorporated only a small number of amino acids and that the later amino acids were added sequentially to the code. The earliest amino acids are those that are simplest to synthesize, either by prebiotic chemistry in the environme ...
A four-column theory for the origin of the genetic code: tracing the
... features with it. The coevolution theory proposes that the first code incorporated only a small number of amino acids and that the later amino acids were added sequentially to the code. The earliest amino acids are those that are simplest to synthesize, either by prebiotic chemistry in the environme ...
... features with it. The coevolution theory proposes that the first code incorporated only a small number of amino acids and that the later amino acids were added sequentially to the code. The earliest amino acids are those that are simplest to synthesize, either by prebiotic chemistry in the environme ...
PDF Full-text
... and elasticity of silk. The amino acid composition of silk is made up of glycine, alanine and serine, all of which represent more than 90% of the total content [10]; their short side chains make intermolecular stacking interactions facilitative, and this leads to an antiparallel β-sheet structure of ...
... and elasticity of silk. The amino acid composition of silk is made up of glycine, alanine and serine, all of which represent more than 90% of the total content [10]; their short side chains make intermolecular stacking interactions facilitative, and this leads to an antiparallel β-sheet structure of ...
Interactions of TCA cycle enzymes and of the CcpA
... 2.6 ± 0.6 x 10 s ). Remarkably, the enzymatic activity of wildtype Icd doubled, if it was in complex with Mdh. In contrast, the activity of Mdh was not affected in the presence of Icd or IcdS104P. The higher enzymatic activity of Icd in the presence of Mdh leads to an overproduction of α-ketoglutara ...
... 2.6 ± 0.6 x 10 s ). Remarkably, the enzymatic activity of wildtype Icd doubled, if it was in complex with Mdh. In contrast, the activity of Mdh was not affected in the presence of Icd or IcdS104P. The higher enzymatic activity of Icd in the presence of Mdh leads to an overproduction of α-ketoglutara ...
Single-stranded heteroduplex intermediates in l Red homologous
... recombination reactions yet described. However the mechanism of dsDNA recombination remains undefined. Results: Here we show that the Red proteins can act via full length single stranded intermediates to establish single stranded heteroduplexes at the replication fork. We created asymmetrically dige ...
... recombination reactions yet described. However the mechanism of dsDNA recombination remains undefined. Results: Here we show that the Red proteins can act via full length single stranded intermediates to establish single stranded heteroduplexes at the replication fork. We created asymmetrically dige ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.