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Observed Rate of Bubble Formation Distance to Light Observations
Observed Rate of Bubble Formation Distance to Light Observations

High-Salt Precipitation Solution Manual ver.1
High-Salt Precipitation Solution Manual ver.1

... ISOGEN and ISOGEN-LS from a sample containing many polysaccharides, proteoglycans, glycogen and the like to control contamination by foreign substances more efficiently. In addition, this can be used with other nucleic acid extraction kits such as ISOPLANT and ISOPLANT II for the same purpose. ...
幻灯片 1
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... • Smallest living unit of an organism. • A cell may be an entire organism (unicellular organism) or it may be one of billions of cells that make up the organism (multicellular organism). • Grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt and respond to their environment. ...
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... are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.  Identify the elements that make up your amino acid. Record in your chart.  Compare your amino acid to the person next to you. Are they identical? What parts are the same? Highlight the similarities.  What part of your amino acids are different? Cir ...
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... creating a new polypeptide. The first amino acid on the polypeptide has a free amino group, so it is called the “Nterminal”. The last amino acid in a polypeptide has a free acid group, so it is called the “C-terminal”. ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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