"Basics in Bioinformatics" Gabor Rakhely`s lecture, 18/Feb/2010
... Comparison of primary DNA or protein sequences to other primary or secondary sequences Expecting that the function of the similar sequence is known from experiments !!! Thinking by analogy Assuming that if the sequence is similar, the function is also similar question: what is responsible for the fu ...
... Comparison of primary DNA or protein sequences to other primary or secondary sequences Expecting that the function of the similar sequence is known from experiments !!! Thinking by analogy Assuming that if the sequence is similar, the function is also similar question: what is responsible for the fu ...
Chromosome structure & Gene Expression
... • Histones are five types, H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. They are the same in all cell types of an organism and in all different eukaryotic organisms. • Histones are highly conserved basic proteins that form nucleosomes, a spool-like structure upon which 160 base pairs of DNA is wound. Linker DNA between ...
... • Histones are five types, H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. They are the same in all cell types of an organism and in all different eukaryotic organisms. • Histones are highly conserved basic proteins that form nucleosomes, a spool-like structure upon which 160 base pairs of DNA is wound. Linker DNA between ...
How cells use DNA, part 1: TRANSCRIPTION
... different ‘language’, that of protein. DNA & RNA are ‘written’ in very similar chemicals, but protein is ‘written’ in an entirely different ‘script’: amino acids. ...
... different ‘language’, that of protein. DNA & RNA are ‘written’ in very similar chemicals, but protein is ‘written’ in an entirely different ‘script’: amino acids. ...
You should be able to identify each of the following functional
... You should be able to identify each of the following functional groups within organic molecules: amino group within an amine molecule (both the form found at low pH and high pH) carbonyl group within an aldehyde molecule (you need to know it is within an aldehyde vs a ketone) carbonyl group within a ...
... You should be able to identify each of the following functional groups within organic molecules: amino group within an amine molecule (both the form found at low pH and high pH) carbonyl group within an aldehyde molecule (you need to know it is within an aldehyde vs a ketone) carbonyl group within a ...
Recombinant DNA Registration Form
... Vectors and Host Cells - If using viral vectors, indicate packaging cell lines and assay system used to measure helper virus titre or titre of replication competent virus (background) generated. Include host range of packaged viral vector. ...
... Vectors and Host Cells - If using viral vectors, indicate packaging cell lines and assay system used to measure helper virus titre or titre of replication competent virus (background) generated. Include host range of packaged viral vector. ...
Biology 104 Test 1 1. The scientific study of life is called: A. biology B
... E. the conclusion 9. The information collected during the experiment or observation is called: A. a theory B. a scientific theory C. the hypothesis D. the data E. the conclusion 10. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called: A. ...
... E. the conclusion 9. The information collected during the experiment or observation is called: A. a theory B. a scientific theory C. the hypothesis D. the data E. the conclusion 10. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called: A. ...
Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: A. G→A, which is a transition. B
... pairing. For example, an alkylated cytosine will base pair with adenine during DNA replication, thereby creating a mutation in the newly made strand. A third example is 5bromouracil, which is a thymine analogue. It may base pair with guanine instead of adenine during DNA replication. C17. Answer: A. ...
... pairing. For example, an alkylated cytosine will base pair with adenine during DNA replication, thereby creating a mutation in the newly made strand. A third example is 5bromouracil, which is a thymine analogue. It may base pair with guanine instead of adenine during DNA replication. C17. Answer: A. ...
CHAPTER 18
... expected to decrease the rate of transcription. For example, a mutation that changed the – 35 region to 5’–GAGACA–3’ would decrease transcription. The sequence 5’–TATAAT–3’ is recognized by the transcription factor TFIID. If this sequence was changed to 5’–TGTAAT–3’, TFIID would not recognize it ver ...
... expected to decrease the rate of transcription. For example, a mutation that changed the – 35 region to 5’–GAGACA–3’ would decrease transcription. The sequence 5’–TATAAT–3’ is recognized by the transcription factor TFIID. If this sequence was changed to 5’–TGTAAT–3’, TFIID would not recognize it ver ...
Clone
... fragments are plated on a petri dish and allowed to grow overnight to form colonies • Replica of dish made with a nitrocellulose disc • Disc is treated with base or heated to convert dsDNA to ssDNA and incubated with probes • Colonies that bind probe (with P-32) hold the fragment of ...
... fragments are plated on a petri dish and allowed to grow overnight to form colonies • Replica of dish made with a nitrocellulose disc • Disc is treated with base or heated to convert dsDNA to ssDNA and incubated with probes • Colonies that bind probe (with P-32) hold the fragment of ...
Sequence analysis of a faba bean necrotic yellows virus DNA
... a protein with replicase activity since it contains the NTP-binding motif GXGKS [G(GE)GKS] which has been shown to be present in the replicases of several viruses (Gorbalenya et al., 1990) and may therefore encode a protein with replicase activity. Boevink et al. (1993) showed that the SCSV genome h ...
... a protein with replicase activity since it contains the NTP-binding motif GXGKS [G(GE)GKS] which has been shown to be present in the replicases of several viruses (Gorbalenya et al., 1990) and may therefore encode a protein with replicase activity. Boevink et al. (1993) showed that the SCSV genome h ...
Slide 1
... In unsaturated fatty acids, there are two ways the pieces of the hydrocarbon tail can be arranged around a C=C double bond. In cis bonds, the two pieces of the carbon chain on either side of the double bond are either both “up” or both “down,” such that both are on the same side of the molecule. In ...
... In unsaturated fatty acids, there are two ways the pieces of the hydrocarbon tail can be arranged around a C=C double bond. In cis bonds, the two pieces of the carbon chain on either side of the double bond are either both “up” or both “down,” such that both are on the same side of the molecule. In ...
Powerpoint
... In the United States, seasonal influenza epidemics typically claim the lives of about 30,000 people each year and cause hospitalization of more than 100,000 (Reid & Tautenberger, 2003). Every two or three years, more virulent strains circulate, increasing death tolls by approximately 10,000 to 15,00 ...
... In the United States, seasonal influenza epidemics typically claim the lives of about 30,000 people each year and cause hospitalization of more than 100,000 (Reid & Tautenberger, 2003). Every two or three years, more virulent strains circulate, increasing death tolls by approximately 10,000 to 15,00 ...
File - Reed Biology
... The two forms were Smooth (S) and Rough (R). When injected into mice, only the S type killed the mice. When the S bacteria were killed with heat, the mice were then unaffected. He then injected a mix of heat killed S and R bacteria into the mice and the mice died. He also found live S bact ...
... The two forms were Smooth (S) and Rough (R). When injected into mice, only the S type killed the mice. When the S bacteria were killed with heat, the mice were then unaffected. He then injected a mix of heat killed S and R bacteria into the mice and the mice died. He also found live S bact ...
Codon - Cloudfront.net
... 6) Place the following steps in order from start to finish: – Proteins are assembled – Ribosome reads a codon one at a time – mRNA arrives at the ribosome – tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome 7) Be able to solve practice problems similar to the three examples on slides #9-11. ...
... 6) Place the following steps in order from start to finish: – Proteins are assembled – Ribosome reads a codon one at a time – mRNA arrives at the ribosome – tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome 7) Be able to solve practice problems similar to the three examples on slides #9-11. ...
3` Untranslated Regions
... These accumulate in the nucleolus, and may play a role in ribosome assembly. Thus the introns cut out of pre-mRNA may play a role in producing, or regulating production of machinery to translate the mRNA’s code 3' Untranslated Regions - Play an important role in regulating some genes (Wickens and Ta ...
... These accumulate in the nucleolus, and may play a role in ribosome assembly. Thus the introns cut out of pre-mRNA may play a role in producing, or regulating production of machinery to translate the mRNA’s code 3' Untranslated Regions - Play an important role in regulating some genes (Wickens and Ta ...
Name
... describe the structure and role of each in a cell or organism. Polymers: DNA, messenger RNA & transfer RNA 3. Proteins — large complex molecules — are building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins. a. the chemical composition and levels of structure of protei ...
... describe the structure and role of each in a cell or organism. Polymers: DNA, messenger RNA & transfer RNA 3. Proteins — large complex molecules — are building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins. a. the chemical composition and levels of structure of protei ...
level one science: biology
... I can show that I understand the role of DNA by explaining that it contains the instructions for how an organism looks and lives and how it enables instructions to be passed on to the next generation. I can use the term double helix to describe the shape of DNA. I know the four letters used for the ...
... I can show that I understand the role of DNA by explaining that it contains the instructions for how an organism looks and lives and how it enables instructions to be passed on to the next generation. I can use the term double helix to describe the shape of DNA. I know the four letters used for the ...
Ribonuclease P（Human）Real Time RT-PCR Kit User
... quencher dye only when the probe hybridizes to the target DNA. This cleavage results in the fluorescent signal generated by the cleaved reporter dye, which is monitored real-time by the PCR detection system. The PCR cycle at which an increase in the fluorescence signal is detected initially is propo ...
... quencher dye only when the probe hybridizes to the target DNA. This cleavage results in the fluorescent signal generated by the cleaved reporter dye, which is monitored real-time by the PCR detection system. The PCR cycle at which an increase in the fluorescence signal is detected initially is propo ...
DNA: THE INDISPENSIBLE FORENSIC SCIENCE TOOL
... controlling the genetic traits of our cells. • DNA is constructed as a very large molecule made by linking a series of repeating units called nucleotides. • A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphorous-containing group, and a nitrogencontaining molecule called a base. FORENSIC SCIENCE An Intro ...
... controlling the genetic traits of our cells. • DNA is constructed as a very large molecule made by linking a series of repeating units called nucleotides. • A nucleotide is composed of a sugar, a phosphorous-containing group, and a nitrogencontaining molecule called a base. FORENSIC SCIENCE An Intro ...
transcription
... In negative inducible operons (the lac operon), a regulatory repressor protein is normally bound to the operator and it prevents the transcription of the genes on the operon If an inducer molecule is present, it binds to repressor and changes its conformation so that it is unable to bind to the oper ...
... In negative inducible operons (the lac operon), a regulatory repressor protein is normally bound to the operator and it prevents the transcription of the genes on the operon If an inducer molecule is present, it binds to repressor and changes its conformation so that it is unable to bind to the oper ...
1 EMC Publishing`s Biotechnology textbook correlated to the CA
... d.* how to use data on frequency of recombination at meiosis to estimate genetic distances between loci, and to interpret genetic maps of chromosomes. Pg. 44, 55f, 211-212, 269, 279, 307-308 4. Genes are a set of instructions, encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence o ...
... d.* how to use data on frequency of recombination at meiosis to estimate genetic distances between loci, and to interpret genetic maps of chromosomes. Pg. 44, 55f, 211-212, 269, 279, 307-308 4. Genes are a set of instructions, encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence o ...
Translation
... 1. Use Figure 22.3 to determine which template strand DNA sequence (written in the 5' → 3' direction) specifies the tripeptide with the sequence gly-ala-leu. A) GGGGCTCTC B) CTCTCGGGG C) CCCCGAGAG D) GAGAGCCCC 2. Which is not true about the genetic code? A) Some amino acids share the same codon. B) ...
... 1. Use Figure 22.3 to determine which template strand DNA sequence (written in the 5' → 3' direction) specifies the tripeptide with the sequence gly-ala-leu. A) GGGGCTCTC B) CTCTCGGGG C) CCCCGAGAG D) GAGAGCCCC 2. Which is not true about the genetic code? A) Some amino acids share the same codon. B) ...
III :
... other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question ...
... other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.