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Slides PPT
Slides PPT

... and act usually to repress translation of target mRNA sequences. ...
Chapter 15 Genetic Engeneering
Chapter 15 Genetic Engeneering

... – Mutations in some plant cells produce cells that have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes. – This condition, known as polyploidy, produces new species of plants that are often larger and stronger than their diploid relatives. – Polyploidy in animals is usually fatal. ...
atom
atom

... • Substances that release ions when dissolved in water • Includes molecules held together by ionic bonds • Salts are electrolytes ...
Genome editing - Nuffield Bioethics
Genome editing - Nuffield Bioethics

... the context of the range of techniques that the life sciences have afforded to allow deliberate influence over organisms and biological materials. It is characterised by its level of action (nucleotide sequences and epigenetic marks), the precision with which it may be targeted, and its controllabil ...
12-Transcription-The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins
12-Transcription-The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins

... Ribosomes from phage-infected cells were “heavy”, banding at the same density on a CsCl gradient as the original ribosomes. Newly synthesized RNA was associated with the heavy ribosomes. New RNA hybridized with viral ssDNA, not bacterial ssDNA. ...
Going Through the Motions_putonwiki
Going Through the Motions_putonwiki

... 8. Build your primary mRNA by using the RNA nucleotides. Then label the orientation of your mRNA.  Hint: start transcription right after the 1st initiation sequence.  Hint: after you find your stop sequence, continue transcribing for another 20 nucleotides.  What is this section called? Terminati ...
Rec.DNA.BCH 446,31-32
Rec.DNA.BCH 446,31-32

... pUC19 plasmid features: a. High copy number in E. coli, with nearly a hundred copies per cell, provides a good yield of cloned DNA. b. Its selectable marker is ampR. c. It has a cluster of unique restriction sites, called the polylinker (multiple cloning site). d. The polylinker is part of the lacZ ...
Reverse Transcriptase and cDNA Synthesis
Reverse Transcriptase and cDNA Synthesis

... observations indicating that the replication of RSV was fundamentally different from that of other RNA-containing viruses. The unexpected observations included the fact that the genetic information determining the morphology of cells transformed by RSV infection was transmitted to daughter cells fol ...


... of addidefect in spore germination, in addition to its metabolic effects during the vegetative phase. tional studies on conidiol germination in this strain. In these studies, the scone strain grew as fast as o wild-type strain, RL3-8A, on minimal glucose agar and conidiated abundantly. On sorbore pl ...
ACT - Genetic Mutations-S
ACT - Genetic Mutations-S

... c. Choose a mutation from those in Model 2 that might be negative for a cell. Explain your reasoning by relating the mutation to the cellular respiration process. b. Why is only a tiny subset of these mutations passed on to our children? ...
DNA replication - U of L Class Index
DNA replication - U of L Class Index

File
File

... • Wild-type λ DNA contains several target sites for most of the commonly used restriction endonucleases and so is not itself suitable as a vector. • Derivatives of the wild-type phage have therefore been produced that either have a single target site at which foreign DNA can be inserted (insertional ...
Individual nucleosomes are released by digestion of chromatin with
Individual nucleosomes are released by digestion of chromatin with

... • Insulators are able to block passage of any activating or inactivating effects from enhancers or silencers. • Insulators may provide barriers against the spread of ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

... • Many genes can have more than one activator-binding site permitting them to respond to multiple stimuli • Each of the activators that bind at these sites must be able to interact with the preinitiation complex assembling at the promoter, likely by looping out any intervening DNA ...
Eukaryotic Transcription
Eukaryotic Transcription

... • Instead of a TATA box, some eukaryotic gene contain an alternative promoter element, called an initiator. • Initiator is highly degenerative. ...
Genetic Mutations
Genetic Mutations

... cell division. There are proofreading enzymes in cells that correct many of these mistakes, but on average, 3 – 5 errors are found in DNA after each replication. a. If each cell has multiple mutations, why do most of us have normally-functioning tissues and organs? ...
Alternative storing of DNA and biological samples using chitosan
Alternative storing of DNA and biological samples using chitosan

Food Utilization
Food Utilization

... • Ingested chemical used for growth, repair or maintenance • Macronutrients • Micronutrients • Recommended daily allowances (RDA) – safe estimate of daily intake for standard needs • Essential nutrients can not be synthesized – minerals, vitamins, 8 amino acids and 1-3 fatty acids ...
Ch 27 bacteria intro..
Ch 27 bacteria intro..

... Specialized proteins on surface of bacteria pick up DNA from surroundings. Recognized and take up only DNA of close relatives. Not in all bacteria ie Ecoli. Ecoli placed in high concentration of Ca ++ stimulates cells to take up small pieces of DNA. Used in biotechnology –insulin and growth ...
Text Book of Molecular Biology
Text Book of Molecular Biology

... Ⅰ.DNA double-helix structure is the secondary structure of DNA DNA double-helix structure model was put forth in 1953 by Watson and Crick. DNA double-helix model: 1. Two separate and anti-parallel chains of DNA are wound around each other in a right-handed helical path, with the sugar-phosphate back ...
Nutrient project - Nate Brown
Nutrient project - Nate Brown

... Type of phenolic acid Polymer of gallic acid and glucose ...
TheScienceofSuperAmber
TheScienceofSuperAmber

... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is like this: Each cell contains DNA. DNA is made of repeating units (nucleotides) containing three things: a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous nucleotide base. There are four different kinds of bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. They are abbreviated A, T ...
Exam #3 Part of Ch. 13, Ch.14-17 and Ch. 20 Supplement to notes
Exam #3 Part of Ch. 13, Ch.14-17 and Ch. 20 Supplement to notes

... 17.1 One gene- one enzyme versus One-gene one polypeptide hypothesis, Basics principles of transcription and translation, RNA processing, pre-mRNA, primary transcript, the genetic code, codon, triplet code, template strand, template, nontemplate strands, translation read from 5’ to 3’, reading frame ...
GHSGT Ecology/Genetics Review (EcoGenReview)
GHSGT Ecology/Genetics Review (EcoGenReview)

... Both eggs and sperm cells have the same number of chromosomes. Both eggs and sperm cells have one-half the parent cells’ chromosome number. It is a process producing gametes only. It is the same process that occurs in body cell division. ...
Brønsted acid
Brønsted acid

... An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity. ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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