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... Methods 1. RNA extraction with Trizol Transferred the material to 1ml Trizol extraction buffer. Added chloroform, phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), isopropanol, and centrifuged the samples at 14,000rpm for 10 min at 6°Cin after each was added. ...
... Methods 1. RNA extraction with Trizol Transferred the material to 1ml Trizol extraction buffer. Added chloroform, phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), isopropanol, and centrifuged the samples at 14,000rpm for 10 min at 6°Cin after each was added. ...
A number of antibiotics produced by different - J
... RNA polymerase. These include the ansamycin group (rifamycins, streptovaricins, tolypomycins and geldanamycin) and streptolydigin, tirandamycin, and thiolutin. The producing organisms of these antibiotics must possess resistance mechanisms to overcome the toxic effects of the antibiotics. Target sit ...
... RNA polymerase. These include the ansamycin group (rifamycins, streptovaricins, tolypomycins and geldanamycin) and streptolydigin, tirandamycin, and thiolutin. The producing organisms of these antibiotics must possess resistance mechanisms to overcome the toxic effects of the antibiotics. Target sit ...
triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO)
... • the mutation frequency of the target site was found to be in the range of 20% • The mutations were found to result in reduced binding of Oct-1 transcription factor to the site • The mutations also led to γ-globin gene expression in MEL cells ...
... • the mutation frequency of the target site was found to be in the range of 20% • The mutations were found to result in reduced binding of Oct-1 transcription factor to the site • The mutations also led to γ-globin gene expression in MEL cells ...
Molecular Biology
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
PDF
... The homeobox gent, engrailed (en), encodes a DNAbinding protein that is necessary to establish the 'identity' of the posterior compartment within each segment in Drosophila [1-3], The en gene encodes a serine-rich protein that has been shown to be the target of serine phosphorylation [4]; it has bee ...
... The homeobox gent, engrailed (en), encodes a DNAbinding protein that is necessary to establish the 'identity' of the posterior compartment within each segment in Drosophila [1-3], The en gene encodes a serine-rich protein that has been shown to be the target of serine phosphorylation [4]; it has bee ...
cells
... • Beadle and Tatum formulated the one gene-one enzyme concept (each gene is responsible for the production of a single protein) • 1953 - Watson and Crick, with assistance from Rosalind Franklin, proposed the double helix model for DNA structure • 1960s - many advances toward understanding DNA replic ...
... • Beadle and Tatum formulated the one gene-one enzyme concept (each gene is responsible for the production of a single protein) • 1953 - Watson and Crick, with assistance from Rosalind Franklin, proposed the double helix model for DNA structure • 1960s - many advances toward understanding DNA replic ...
molecular_general_theory_complete
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
GENE REGULATION
... In eukaryotes, a pre-mRNA transcript is processed before it becomes a mature mRNA When a pre-mRNA has multiple introns and exons, splicing may occur in more than one way Alternative splicing causes mRNAs to contain different patterns of exons. Allows same gene to make different proteins At ...
... In eukaryotes, a pre-mRNA transcript is processed before it becomes a mature mRNA When a pre-mRNA has multiple introns and exons, splicing may occur in more than one way Alternative splicing causes mRNAs to contain different patterns of exons. Allows same gene to make different proteins At ...
dna replication
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
... deoxyribose there is no hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom in the ribose sugar ring). The extra hydroxyl group makes RNA more prone to hydrolysis which is why it is less stable than DNA. The four bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U) (replacing t ...
L3 - DNA Translation (Protein Synthesis
... and can then bind to another strand of mRNA to begin again. • Several ribosomes can be attached to an mRNA strand at any one time resulting in the formation of many peptide chains at the same time. Such complexes of many ribosomes on one mRNA molecules are called polysomes or polyribosomes. ...
... and can then bind to another strand of mRNA to begin again. • Several ribosomes can be attached to an mRNA strand at any one time resulting in the formation of many peptide chains at the same time. Such complexes of many ribosomes on one mRNA molecules are called polysomes or polyribosomes. ...
nuclear structure (2): the nucleolus
... subunits you can see the term “loop of nucleolar organizer DNA”. This is really just another term for “all the 45S rRNA genes and the non-transcibed spacer DNA”. This is usually called the nucleolar organizing region (NOR). A nucleolus can form at each of these regions, and in human somatic cells ju ...
... subunits you can see the term “loop of nucleolar organizer DNA”. This is really just another term for “all the 45S rRNA genes and the non-transcibed spacer DNA”. This is usually called the nucleolar organizing region (NOR). A nucleolus can form at each of these regions, and in human somatic cells ju ...
Document
... 4. Crime Scene Investigators search in areas of the genome that are unique from individual to individual and are “anonymous” (control no known trait or function) The areas examined are Short Tandem Repeats or STR’s ...
... 4. Crime Scene Investigators search in areas of the genome that are unique from individual to individual and are “anonymous” (control no known trait or function) The areas examined are Short Tandem Repeats or STR’s ...
Unzipping Genes - HiMedia Laboratories
... advanced procedure is an improvement to the single-step RNA isolation using phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate developed by Chomczynski and Sacchi. This is one of the most effective methods for isolating total RNA and can be completed in only 1 hour starting with fresh tissue and cells. Storage Sto ...
... advanced procedure is an improvement to the single-step RNA isolation using phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate developed by Chomczynski and Sacchi. This is one of the most effective methods for isolating total RNA and can be completed in only 1 hour starting with fresh tissue and cells. Storage Sto ...
Faik Bioinformatics PowerPoint 1-2006
... raw score S is calculated by summing the scores for each aligned position and the scores for gaps. Gap creation/extension scores are inherent to the scoring system in use (BLAST, FASTA…) ...
... raw score S is calculated by summing the scores for each aligned position and the scores for gaps. Gap creation/extension scores are inherent to the scoring system in use (BLAST, FASTA…) ...
Mutation, Repair, and Recombination
... polymerases? How do their special features facilitate their role in DNA repair? Answer: Translesion or bypass polymerases are able to replicate past damaged DNA that otherwise would stall replicative polymerases. They differ from replicative polymerases in that they can tolerate large adducts on the ...
... polymerases? How do their special features facilitate their role in DNA repair? Answer: Translesion or bypass polymerases are able to replicate past damaged DNA that otherwise would stall replicative polymerases. They differ from replicative polymerases in that they can tolerate large adducts on the ...
Biology Dictionary
... Directional cloning. DNA insert and vector molecules are digested with two different restriction enzymes to create noncomplementary sticky ends at either end of each restriction fragment. This allows the insert to be ligated to the vector in a specific orientation and prevents the vector from recirc ...
... Directional cloning. DNA insert and vector molecules are digested with two different restriction enzymes to create noncomplementary sticky ends at either end of each restriction fragment. This allows the insert to be ligated to the vector in a specific orientation and prevents the vector from recirc ...
CHAPTER 19 DNA Mutation and Repair
... Chemical Mutagens Mutagenic Effects of 5BU 1. Chemical mutagens may be naturally occurring, or synthetic. They form different groups based on their mechanism of action: a. Base analogs depend upon replication, which incorpocates a base with alternate states (tautomers) that allow it to base pair in ...
... Chemical Mutagens Mutagenic Effects of 5BU 1. Chemical mutagens may be naturally occurring, or synthetic. They form different groups based on their mechanism of action: a. Base analogs depend upon replication, which incorpocates a base with alternate states (tautomers) that allow it to base pair in ...
Chapter 17 (Oct 23, 27, 28)
... (a) An mRNA molecule is generally translated simultaneously by several ribosomes in clusters called polyribosomes. ...
... (a) An mRNA molecule is generally translated simultaneously by several ribosomes in clusters called polyribosomes. ...
X-inactivation
... Nucleolus - located in nucleus –not bounded by membrane = site of transcription and processing of rRNAs, site of assembly of rRNA and proteins into two ribosomal subunits (subunits join to form cytoplasmic ribosomes) nucleoli disappear during mitosis, formed at telophase at specific sites of acrocen ...
... Nucleolus - located in nucleus –not bounded by membrane = site of transcription and processing of rRNAs, site of assembly of rRNA and proteins into two ribosomal subunits (subunits join to form cytoplasmic ribosomes) nucleoli disappear during mitosis, formed at telophase at specific sites of acrocen ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.