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Molecular markers - the foundation for grapevine genetic mapping
Molecular markers - the foundation for grapevine genetic mapping

... and the relatively long juvenile period. In 1957, De Lattin (3) summarized work on 53 genes identified in Vitis. Work on grapevine genetics has intensified since the late 1950s, yet, until 1990, surprising few additional genes were located (13). The recent availability of inexpensive and easy-to-use ...
Genetic Code
Genetic Code

... this tRNA, and which amino acid also bound in the active site of that enzyme, then you would know which amino acid will be found on this tRNA. And then you'd know what amino acid would go into the polypeptide when the mRNA had the codon UGG, which is complementary to this tRNA's anticodon. To make t ...
Human Genetics and Populations: Chapters 14, 15 and 5 (mrk 2012)
Human Genetics and Populations: Chapters 14, 15 and 5 (mrk 2012)

... c. by finding overlapping regions between sequenced DNA fragments. d. by first organizing all the single-base differences into haplotypes. ____ 34. More than forty percent of the proteins coded for in the human genome are a. used to help protect the DNA. b. coded for on the X and Y chromosomes c. th ...
2.5.1 Variation of Species 2.5.2 Heredity and Gene
2.5.1 Variation of Species 2.5.2 Heredity and Gene

... Q. What term is used to describe differences within a population with respect to features such as height? Ability to roller skate Adenine; Thymine; Guanine; Cytosine DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil ...
Biochemistry - Science with Mr. Enns
Biochemistry - Science with Mr. Enns

... Stomata can be opened or closed. Stomata are surrounded by sausage-shaped guard cells that control its opening/closing . When guard cells swell up ...
DNA amplification 2
DNA amplification 2

... responsible for the pathogenicity of a microorganism (e.g. toxin production or antibiotic resistance) the mere presence of the gene is not necessarily indicative of the presence of the gene product since gene expression may not be occurring at the time. Again, though one could target the mRNA which ...
Managing people in sport organisations: A strategic human resource
Managing people in sport organisations: A strategic human resource

... Southern blot analysis for the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. Patient DNA is simultaneously digested with restriction endonucleases EcoR1 and Eag1, blotted to a nylon membrane, and hybridized with a 32P-labeled probe adjacent to exon 1 of FMR1 (see Figure 28.1). Eag1 is a methylation-sensitive res ...
6.1 Mutation
6.1 Mutation

... do some people have lighter skin and other have darker skin?  Why would a cuckoo bird lay her eggs in another birds’ nest?  Why did white moths become less common and gray moths become more common near a factory? ...
Petrology: The Study of Igneous, Sedimentary
Petrology: The Study of Igneous, Sedimentary

... by a listof symbols and theirdefinitions, subdivision of a continuum and a forced and effortshave been made to standardize marriage of diverse properties such as "Optical Radiators and Sources" has be? come a five-chaptersection covering light theuse of symbols and sign conventions, color, texture,o ...
Bergey`s Manual
Bergey`s Manual

... Number and sizes of DNA fragments (fingerprints) produced by RE digests are used to determine genetic similarities.  Ribotyping: rRNA sequencing  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify a small amount of microbial DNA in a sample. The Fig 10.14: Electrophoresis of presence or identi ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
Exam I Review - Iowa State University

... a. hydrogen bonds. b. nonpolar covalent bonds. *c. polar covalent bonds. Atoms form covalent bonds with each other by: a. transferring electrons from one atom to the other. *b. sharing electrons. c. sharing protons. d. attraction of positive and negative charges. e. sharing neutrons. Which of the fo ...
The abundance and cell cycle dependent expression of the mRNA
The abundance and cell cycle dependent expression of the mRNA

... Fourteen hours after release the H4 mRNA is barely detectable while that coding for HMG-17 is still present in considerable amounts. Most of the HMG-17 transcription occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle however, in contrast to histone transcription, HMG-17 transcription is not coupled to DNA ...
19-9-ET-V1-S1__preci..
19-9-ET-V1-S1__preci..

Molecular Mechanism of Mutation
Molecular Mechanism of Mutation

...  Suppresses the effect of other mutation  Occurs at a site different from the site of original mutation  Organism with a suppressor mutation is a double mutant but exhibits the phenotype of un mutated wild type  Different from reverse mutation in which mutated site is reverted back into the wild ...
essential amino acid
essential amino acid

... * Tyrosine * (*) Essential only in certain cases ...
Table 3.1. List of suppliers of restriction enzymes. Name of
Table 3.1. List of suppliers of restriction enzymes. Name of

... Phage  contains a proteinaceous head and a long tail attached to the head. In the head it possesses 50 genes in its 49kb (kilobase pairs) genome of which about half of genes are essential. On attachment with tail to cell wall of E. coli it injects its linear DNA into the cell The linear double str ...
Description
Description

... Cells containing an appropriate chimeric plasmid are cultured.To obtain large quantities of the foreign DNA, the plasmid are isolated from host cells (the bacteria are lysed and the hybrid plasmids are isolated) then treated with the restriction enzyme to release the foreign DNA, the plasmids are cu ...
Some funcaon of proteins
Some funcaon of proteins

... The  carbonyl  oxygen  has  a  par9al  nega9ve  charge   and  the  amide  nitrogen  a  par9al  posi9ve  change,   se_ng  up  a  small  electric  dipole.  Virtually  all   pep9de  bonds  in  proteins  occur  in  this  trans   configura9on ...
bioinformatic automation approach to quality assessment of high
bioinformatic automation approach to quality assessment of high

Examination questions
Examination questions

... summarize their answers as concisely and accurately as possible. It is recommended to follow these items: - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respirator ...
BIOCHEMISTRY I Spring 2013 (General medicine, Dental
BIOCHEMISTRY I Spring 2013 (General medicine, Dental

... summarize their answers as concisely and accurately as possible. It is recommended to follow these items: - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respirator ...
Informed Consent for Genetic Testing Form
Informed Consent for Genetic Testing Form

... This genetic test is specific for _________________________________ (specific disease). There is a chance that I will have this genetic condition but the DNA test results will be negative. This is called a false negative. There is a _____% chance that this test will detect this condition if I have i ...
Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 12 of 32
Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 12 of 32

biochemistry national board exam review
biochemistry national board exam review

... proteins are able to buffer physiologic solutions over a wide range of pH? A. They are macromolecules of high molecular weight. B. They contain many functional groups with differing pKs. C. They have unique tertiary structures that sequester hydrogen ions. D. They have peptide bonds that are resista ...
Urine DNA Isolation Kit for Exfoliated Cells or Bacteria
Urine DNA Isolation Kit for Exfoliated Cells or Bacteria

... a number of diagnostic and research applications including the diagnosis and monitoring of bladder, kidney, or other urinary-tract cancers. Bacterial genomic DNA from both human urine samples and urine samples from animals can be isolated with this kit in order to study the levels and types of bacte ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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