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Heredity + Nucleic Acids
Heredity + Nucleic Acids

... visualize the fixed tissue were of low magnification and resolution, the results were generally acceptable. In more modern studies, using various optical methods192 and electron microscopes, such crude fixation methods are unacceptable, and have been replaced by various alternatives, including rapid ...
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HERE - iGEM 2016

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unit 2 – the chemistry of life

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sc-33290 (Page 1) - Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.

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video slide - Your School
video slide - Your School

... 1 When a ribosome reaches a stop 2 The release factor hydrolyzes 3 The two ribosomal subunits codon on mRNA, the A site of the the bond between the tRNA in and the other components of ribosome accepts a protein called the P site and the last amino the assembly dissociate. a release factor instead of ...
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... because it reduces the disorder or entropy of the protein. So, why do proteins fold? One of the most important factors driving the folding of a protein is the interaction of polar and nonpolar side chains with the environment. Nonpolar (water hating) side chains tend to push themselves to the inside ...
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Genetic Code
Genetic Code

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Bio 392: Study Guide for Final
Bio 392: Study Guide for Final

...  Know the roles of mRNA and tRNA in this process Know what codons and anticodons are and how they are involved in the process Explain how a protein is assembled based on the DNA code  Know that 3 letters = 1 codon = 1 amino acid Given sequences, know how to transcribe and replicate another sequenc ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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