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SPLIT RNA Extraction Kit: Pure Fractions for Demanding Applications
SPLIT RNA Extraction Kit: Pure Fractions for Demanding Applications

... (especially on-column DNase digestion) or the enzyme inactivation (e.g., by heat denaturation) can severely compromise RNA integrity. Similarly, size-filtration based methods such as gDNA removal columns result in either ineffective gDNA removal or exclusion of longer RNA molecules (Fig. 3). 5 min ...
Chap16 Microbial Polysaccharides
Chap16 Microbial Polysaccharides

... E. coli grows more rapidly than R. eutropha and produces at least as much polymer. But some E. coli require more complex media and cannot match the high cell density ...
Caffeic acid in lowering blood glucose in the application
Caffeic acid in lowering blood glucose in the application

... Caffeic acid, alias 3,4 - dihydroxybenzoic acid, the structure contains two hydroxyl groups, is a natural, safe and free radical quencher, has excellent antioxidant properties. Pharmacological studies have shown that caffeic acid with the blood circulation, antitussive, expectorant, anti-oxidation, ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 14 Notes
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 14 Notes

... Intergenic SNPs Researchers have found that most SNPs are not responsible for a disease state because they are intergenic SNPs Instead, they serve as biological markers for pinpointing a disease on the human genome map, because they are usually located near a gene found to be associated with a cert ...
Translation Tutorial
Translation Tutorial

... A process called transcription starts in the nucleus, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase splits the DNA molecule. Next, free floating mRNA nucleotides bond to the open DNA molecule. next Once finished, the mRNA breaks away and exits the nucleus. The mRNA will then join a ribosome. Now, the proces ...
Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus Laevis
Differential Gene Expression in the Gastrula of Xenopus Laevis

Soluble salts
Soluble salts

... A _________________is as an analytical procedure of determining the concentration of one substance in solution by reacting it with a solution of another substance whose concentration is known, called a titrant (or standard solution). To carry out the process, we add the titrant, using a buret, to a ...
SRAP analysis of DNA base sequence changes in
SRAP analysis of DNA base sequence changes in

... might interact with other elements in the DNA molecule and form additional new molecules, or they might shift completely and leave empty space at their original positions. The former leads to genetic effects such as base substitutions; the latter cause deletions and insertions of a single base or a ...
Mendelian Genetics - Marion County Public Schools
Mendelian Genetics - Marion County Public Schools

... meiosis. Result is missing or extra chromosomes attached where they should not be. One example is Down’s syndrome (nondisjunction of chromosome #21) 4. Disjunction - separation of the chromosomes, although not always accurately, which can also lead to genetic defects. ** If disjunction fails to occu ...
Translation
Translation

...  Editing (hydrolytic) site—fine sieve. Accepts activated amino acids that are smaller than ile (ex, Val-AMP), but rejects Ile-AMP (too large). those that get through are hydrolyzed to aa and AMP. Reduces mischarging from 1/225 (expected) to 1/180,000 (observed). Sites can also distinguish based on ...
Power point
Power point

... * Recycle for further Ac production  Th and Ac remain in solution  5 M HNO3, anion exchange  Th strongly absorbed, Ac only slightly  Oxalate precipitation of Ac  Calcination after precipitation  Used to form Ac2O3 ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (aka Hexose monophosphate shunt)
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (aka Hexose monophosphate shunt)

Recombinant Materials Form
Recombinant Materials Form

... 13. Will the experiment include recombinant or synthetic nucleic acids that that consist entirely of nucleic acids from a prokaryotic host, including its indigenous plasmids or viruses when propagated only in that host (or a closely related strain of the same species), or when transferred to another ...
Bioanalytical chemistry 8. Gel electrophoresis and blotting
Bioanalytical chemistry 8. Gel electrophoresis and blotting

... sickle-cell anemia; the disease in which red blood cells take on a sickle-cell shape. The difference between these two proteins is substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6. This mutation is all that is needed to produce the defective hemoglobin. Unless patients with HbS receive medical ...
unit3_lesson10_translation1_markscheme
unit3_lesson10_translation1_markscheme

... POD Mark Scheme Explain the translation of a protein from DNA [8]. ...
A single-molecule FRET sensor for monitoring DNA synthesis in real
A single-molecule FRET sensor for monitoring DNA synthesis in real

Heredity Notes
Heredity Notes

...  These characteristics are called traits. Traits depend on the types of proteins that the 4 bases (A,C,G,T) make up. Parents pass on copies of their DNA to their offspring.  The DNA from each parent combines to form the DNA of the offspring.  How the offspring develops depends on the instructions ...
Test yourself
Test yourself

... Hydrogen chloride in solvent X can conduct electricity but hydrogen chloride in solvent Y cannot conduct electricity. Explain why. ...
Comparative analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNAs using
Comparative analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNAs using

Improving Your Experiment Through Replication
Improving Your Experiment Through Replication

... this can be done for microarray experiments too. However, sample size calculations are based on a known level of variation between samples. For microarrays, the reality is that: (a) The expected level of variation is usually not well known in advance. Due to the high cost of microarrays and the larg ...
Supporting Online Material
Supporting Online Material

... Table S3. Uracil-DNA repair is perturbed in Drosophila. Microarray data available on FlyBase were used. Table shows mRNA level for genes involved in different DNA repair pathways, elements of uracil-DNA repair are highlighted on grey background. ↓ indicates mRNA level decrease, ↑ mRNA level increase ...
Ch7 Enzymes II: Coenzymes, Regulation, Abzymes, and Ribozymes
Ch7 Enzymes II: Coenzymes, Regulation, Abzymes, and Ribozymes

... hydrolysis of peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of large, hydrophobic amino acid residues, such as phenylanine, tyrosine, and leucine. ...
Lab Investigation: Examining a Single Gene
Lab Investigation: Examining a Single Gene

... • Keeping in mind what a cell does when it replicates its DNA, make a list of steps involved in replicating DNA: ...
Analysis of the LacI family of repressor proteins in non
Analysis of the LacI family of repressor proteins in non

... It is a cogent depiction of how a set of 'structural' genes may be coordinately transcribed in response to environmental conditions and regulates metabolic events in the cell (Lewis, 2005). Binding of the lacO operator region by the LacI repressor protein in E. coli is well studied. Blast analysis o ...
gen-305-presentation-8-16
gen-305-presentation-8-16

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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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