Chapter 15
... population in which evolution does not occur (continued) – The Hardy-Weinberg principle demonstrates that, under certain conditions, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a sexually reproducing population remain constant from one generation to the next – An equilibrium population is an idealiz ...
... population in which evolution does not occur (continued) – The Hardy-Weinberg principle demonstrates that, under certain conditions, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a sexually reproducing population remain constant from one generation to the next – An equilibrium population is an idealiz ...
ch11_Lecture_3e - Lakeland Central School District
... Do we have ethical obligations to other species? • Humans are part of nature and need resources to survive • But, we also have conscious reasoning ability and can control our actions - Our ethics have developed from our intelligence and our ability to make choices • Many people feel that other orga ...
... Do we have ethical obligations to other species? • Humans are part of nature and need resources to survive • But, we also have conscious reasoning ability and can control our actions - Our ethics have developed from our intelligence and our ability to make choices • Many people feel that other orga ...
A New Approach to Homeostatic Regulation: Towards a Unified
... (Fig. 4, [15]) to these data, we observe that the fungus is a conformer rather than a regulator and that the results can be interpreted much in the same way as we did above for phytoplankton. Even though the difference between the single linear and the piecewise regressions AIC (DAIC = 22.27) indica ...
... (Fig. 4, [15]) to these data, we observe that the fungus is a conformer rather than a regulator and that the results can be interpreted much in the same way as we did above for phytoplankton. Even though the difference between the single linear and the piecewise regressions AIC (DAIC = 22.27) indica ...
Preliminary study on the diet composition of the leopard
... Chitawan National Park also, where the densities of domestic ungulates at the boundaries are much higher than those of wild ungulates, livestock forms a major component of the diets of leopards (Seidensticker, Sunquist & McDougal, 1990). This is contradictory to the common belief by ecologists that ...
... Chitawan National Park also, where the densities of domestic ungulates at the boundaries are much higher than those of wild ungulates, livestock forms a major component of the diets of leopards (Seidensticker, Sunquist & McDougal, 1990). This is contradictory to the common belief by ecologists that ...
Assessing age in the desert tortoise Gopherus
... the Mojave and Colorado Deserts (Berry 2002) found that laminae counts varied by desert region. Berry’s data from 11 localities showed that a variable number (0 to 3) of laminae are produced each year and, further, that at different sites (different environments), tortoises produce laminae at differ ...
... the Mojave and Colorado Deserts (Berry 2002) found that laminae counts varied by desert region. Berry’s data from 11 localities showed that a variable number (0 to 3) of laminae are produced each year and, further, that at different sites (different environments), tortoises produce laminae at differ ...
Translocation as a Conservation Measure for an
... Five individuals were born after the first translocation in 2000 while the animals were still in the habituation cages, and one of them subsequently died. On 28 September 2000, one pregnant female was killed, probably by villagers, indicating that the protection of the conservation zone was not adeq ...
... Five individuals were born after the first translocation in 2000 while the animals were still in the habituation cages, and one of them subsequently died. On 28 September 2000, one pregnant female was killed, probably by villagers, indicating that the protection of the conservation zone was not adeq ...
Eradication of Rodents and Feral Cats on Islands
... Cambridge. [This work analyzes the effects of introduced mammals, mainly cats and rodents, on breeding colonies of seabirds on oceanic islands.] Myers J.H., Simberloff D., Kuris A.M., and Carey J.R. (2000). Eradication revisited: dealing with exotic species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15(8), 31 ...
... Cambridge. [This work analyzes the effects of introduced mammals, mainly cats and rodents, on breeding colonies of seabirds on oceanic islands.] Myers J.H., Simberloff D., Kuris A.M., and Carey J.R. (2000). Eradication revisited: dealing with exotic species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15(8), 31 ...
Strasbourg, 22 May 2002
... from insect recording schemes in Europe have provided valuable evidence for advancement in appearance dates of adult insects as temperatures have increased. In Britain, the annual first appearance dates between 1976 and 1998 for 28 out of 33 butterfly species analysed were earlier at higher temperat ...
... from insect recording schemes in Europe have provided valuable evidence for advancement in appearance dates of adult insects as temperatures have increased. In Britain, the annual first appearance dates between 1976 and 1998 for 28 out of 33 butterfly species analysed were earlier at higher temperat ...
Salamander Competition Research Paper
... competition. Larger larvae show greater signs of aggression when competing for food and they are able to use their size to their advantage in these situations (Smith, 1990). For the most part, size differences affect competition through interference and not through feeding rates. It is the size diff ...
... competition. Larger larvae show greater signs of aggression when competing for food and they are able to use their size to their advantage in these situations (Smith, 1990). For the most part, size differences affect competition through interference and not through feeding rates. It is the size diff ...
The Community Builder: Beaver`s Role in the Ecological Community
... protection from predators, extends foraging areas and territories, and allows for food storage during winter (Baker and Hill, 2003). They construct their dens in the form of lodges made of sticks, twigs, rocks and mud in lakes, streams, and tidal river deltas. Lodges are often constructed in the pon ...
... protection from predators, extends foraging areas and territories, and allows for food storage during winter (Baker and Hill, 2003). They construct their dens in the form of lodges made of sticks, twigs, rocks and mud in lakes, streams, and tidal river deltas. Lodges are often constructed in the pon ...
15 Sea Grass Beds, Kelp Forests, Rocky Reefs, and Coral Reefs
... ingested by predators • Facilitiates release of gametes at time when currents are minimal and gametes can unite ...
... ingested by predators • Facilitiates release of gametes at time when currents are minimal and gametes can unite ...
Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
MUTUALISM AND CORAL PERSISTENCE: THE ROLE OF
... supplement that may help corals attract and retain low-mobility symbionts such as Mithrax, securing for the coral long-term and predictable protection against competitors. Structurally complex but competitively inferior organisms, like some corals and coralline algae, provide the biogenic habitat co ...
... supplement that may help corals attract and retain low-mobility symbionts such as Mithrax, securing for the coral long-term and predictable protection against competitors. Structurally complex but competitively inferior organisms, like some corals and coralline algae, provide the biogenic habitat co ...
Significance and extent of secondary seed dispersal by predatory
... addition, the kestrel is distributed on all islands and main islets of the Canaries, while the shrike is only present on the central and eastern islands (Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura) (Martı́n & Lorenzo 2001). This ecological and biogeographical scenario is ideal to perform a ...
... addition, the kestrel is distributed on all islands and main islets of the Canaries, while the shrike is only present on the central and eastern islands (Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura) (Martı́n & Lorenzo 2001). This ecological and biogeographical scenario is ideal to perform a ...
Predator avoidance behaviours between native (Helisoma
... develop (Lakowitz et al. 2008). The behaviours to avoid and defend against predators can then be selected for, within the environmental conditions, to increase the fitness over those undefended behaviours (Lakowitz et al. 2008). With anti-predator behaviours being phenotypically plastic, an environm ...
... develop (Lakowitz et al. 2008). The behaviours to avoid and defend against predators can then be selected for, within the environmental conditions, to increase the fitness over those undefended behaviours (Lakowitz et al. 2008). With anti-predator behaviours being phenotypically plastic, an environm ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
Address
... were conducted within the nonnative range of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Robinson at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (21°560′ N, 101°150′ E; 570 m altitude) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. An outdoor common gar ...
... were conducted within the nonnative range of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Robinson at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (21°560′ N, 101°150′ E; 570 m altitude) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. An outdoor common gar ...
Differential genetic influences on competitive effect and response in
... for the duration of the experiment. The experiment was harvested 49–52 days after planting, at which point all plants of all genotypes were senescing. Harvest consisted of cutting each plant at the soil surface, counting the number of siliques present and weighing the shoots after drying at 60 °C fo ...
... for the duration of the experiment. The experiment was harvested 49–52 days after planting, at which point all plants of all genotypes were senescing. Harvest consisted of cutting each plant at the soil surface, counting the number of siliques present and weighing the shoots after drying at 60 °C fo ...
EU NON-NATIVE SPECIES RISK ANALYSIS – RISK ASSESSMENT
... very high According to IUCN, this species is often captured and sold as pets (Shekhar 2003) and there is some commercial trade in China, India and Nepal. (A. Choudury pers. comm.). In northern Viet Nam it is hunted and sold in wild meat markets in both Vietnam and China (S. Robertson pers. comm.).It ...
... very high According to IUCN, this species is often captured and sold as pets (Shekhar 2003) and there is some commercial trade in China, India and Nepal. (A. Choudury pers. comm.). In northern Viet Nam it is hunted and sold in wild meat markets in both Vietnam and China (S. Robertson pers. comm.).It ...
Fish assemblages on sunken vessels and natural reefs in southeast
... length were recorded to the nearest cm. A 7.5 m radius line was laid out prior to the count as an aid in estimating the cylinder boundary and the diver used a 1-m rod with a ruler attached at one end in a T-configuration to aid in length estimation. The bow, stern, port and starboard sides were cens ...
... length were recorded to the nearest cm. A 7.5 m radius line was laid out prior to the count as an aid in estimating the cylinder boundary and the diver used a 1-m rod with a ruler attached at one end in a T-configuration to aid in length estimation. The bow, stern, port and starboard sides were cens ...
Defensive behaviour in Aplastodiscus leucopygius
... f: “Lung inflation” and “Contraction”). Photos: a-d (M. Sacramento); e-f (L. Ferrante). ...
... f: “Lung inflation” and “Contraction”). Photos: a-d (M. Sacramento); e-f (L. Ferrante). ...
Critical Habitat Survey for Threespine Stickleback Species Pairs
... Macrophytes, therefore, likely play an important role not only in maintaining healthy stickleback population sizes but also in minimizing hybridization events between benthics and limnetics, ensuring the integrity of the species pairs. This will depend not only on macrophyte abundance but also on th ...
... Macrophytes, therefore, likely play an important role not only in maintaining healthy stickleback population sizes but also in minimizing hybridization events between benthics and limnetics, ensuring the integrity of the species pairs. This will depend not only on macrophyte abundance but also on th ...
Hominid-Carnivore Coevolution and Invasion
... Turelli 1981); numerous complicating assumptions about carrying capacities, predator and prey population densities, habitat structures, and the like would have to be made in order to faithfully apply these models to the archaeological record. The alternative is to turn to relatively simple models (e ...
... Turelli 1981); numerous complicating assumptions about carrying capacities, predator and prey population densities, habitat structures, and the like would have to be made in order to faithfully apply these models to the archaeological record. The alternative is to turn to relatively simple models (e ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.