stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... hardly reached the value High, so that the level of ESPPs decreased to 3.2. “Lag control.” Feeding by staminate "flowers" and young needles, which are free of Antibiosis or have weak Antibiosis allows Choristoneura fumiferana to survive every season. The density of such larvae is Insignificant. Beca ...
... hardly reached the value High, so that the level of ESPPs decreased to 3.2. “Lag control.” Feeding by staminate "flowers" and young needles, which are free of Antibiosis or have weak Antibiosis allows Choristoneura fumiferana to survive every season. The density of such larvae is Insignificant. Beca ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in angiosperm
... The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects fu ...
... The biological variation in nature is called biodiversity. Anthropogenic pressures have led to a loss of biodiversity, alarming scientists as to what consequences declining diversity has for ecosystem functioning. The general consensus is that diversity (e.g. species richness or identity) affects fu ...
Ecological impacts of feral pigs in the Hawaiian Islands
... faya, probably due to a response to the increased soil nitrogen generated by M. faya (Aplet 1990). We suggest that an increased abundance of earthworms could lead to an increase in pig foraging near such trees and, consequently, dispersing more Myrica faya seeds. Exclosure studies have been used on ...
... faya, probably due to a response to the increased soil nitrogen generated by M. faya (Aplet 1990). We suggest that an increased abundance of earthworms could lead to an increase in pig foraging near such trees and, consequently, dispersing more Myrica faya seeds. Exclosure studies have been used on ...
Pages 304-308 - Lakeland Regional High School
... Do we have ethical obligations to other species? • Humans are part of nature and need resources to survive • But, we also have conscious reasoning ability and can control our actions - Our ethics have developed from our intelligence and our ability to make choices • Many people feel that other orga ...
... Do we have ethical obligations to other species? • Humans are part of nature and need resources to survive • But, we also have conscious reasoning ability and can control our actions - Our ethics have developed from our intelligence and our ability to make choices • Many people feel that other orga ...
video slide
... relatively longer in habitats of higher photosynthetic productivity – Generally known as the 10% Law: That states that only 10% of energy will be transferred from one trophic level to the next. ...
... relatively longer in habitats of higher photosynthetic productivity – Generally known as the 10% Law: That states that only 10% of energy will be transferred from one trophic level to the next. ...
Protists have divergent effects on bacterial diversity along a
... predator resistance and competitive ability. The experiment is similar to a recent study that constructed microcosm communities with three trophic levels containing bacteria, bacteriovores and either a specialist or a generalist predator (Jiang & Morin 2005). In apparent contrast to the current work ...
... predator resistance and competitive ability. The experiment is similar to a recent study that constructed microcosm communities with three trophic levels containing bacteria, bacteriovores and either a specialist or a generalist predator (Jiang & Morin 2005). In apparent contrast to the current work ...
Ants on the Move: Resource Limitation of a Litter
... Azteca spp., Crematogaster spp., and Pheidole christopherseni. Members of the genera Pyramica and Strumigenys constitute the “Dacetine” group; they are generally believed to be specialized predators of arthropod microfauna (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, Dejean 1991). The two abundant genera Pheidole an ...
... Azteca spp., Crematogaster spp., and Pheidole christopherseni. Members of the genera Pyramica and Strumigenys constitute the “Dacetine” group; they are generally believed to be specialized predators of arthropod microfauna (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, Dejean 1991). The two abundant genera Pheidole an ...
Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1
... Ecosystem services (ES) are the natural functions and processes of ecosystems which are of value to humans. By definition, therefore, ES are an anthropocentric concept: humans are the focus of ES (Fig. 1). This means that it is essential to acknowledge the social, economic and ecological systems wit ...
... Ecosystem services (ES) are the natural functions and processes of ecosystems which are of value to humans. By definition, therefore, ES are an anthropocentric concept: humans are the focus of ES (Fig. 1). This means that it is essential to acknowledge the social, economic and ecological systems wit ...
Is farther seed dispersal better?
... Der Meer and Bongers 1996). We determined which individuals were reproductive by checking for fruits in tree crowns and fruit remains below trees. For Carapa, this was done annually between 1995 and 2000 for a varying subset of individuals; for Vouacapoua and Licania this was done during the fruitin ...
... Der Meer and Bongers 1996). We determined which individuals were reproductive by checking for fruits in tree crowns and fruit remains below trees. For Carapa, this was done annually between 1995 and 2000 for a varying subset of individuals; for Vouacapoua and Licania this was done during the fruitin ...
Invasive alien species: priorities for international research
... attempts causing further and greater problems than the original species which was to be the subject of control, and many authorities and scientists are therefore nervous of such approaches. However, the development of safe and effective biological control methods, and of effective means of testing t ...
... attempts causing further and greater problems than the original species which was to be the subject of control, and many authorities and scientists are therefore nervous of such approaches. However, the development of safe and effective biological control methods, and of effective means of testing t ...
Draft Threatened Species Strategy
... While Predator Free 2050 is the single most significant and ambitious conservation programme in our history, it has to be part of a broader range of work if we are to succeed. This draft Threatened Species Strategy is the Government’s plan to halt decline and restore healthy, sustainable populations ...
... While Predator Free 2050 is the single most significant and ambitious conservation programme in our history, it has to be part of a broader range of work if we are to succeed. This draft Threatened Species Strategy is the Government’s plan to halt decline and restore healthy, sustainable populations ...
Interactions Among Organisms In An Aquatic Ecosystem
... Discussion and Conclusion Over the six weeks of research, results have been recorded. We started out with thirteen rosy reds or fathead minnows and ten ghost shrimp. In the aquatic ecosystem #1, there were dramatic temperature changes between 7:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. and both organisms were unaffecte ...
... Discussion and Conclusion Over the six weeks of research, results have been recorded. We started out with thirteen rosy reds or fathead minnows and ten ghost shrimp. In the aquatic ecosystem #1, there were dramatic temperature changes between 7:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. and both organisms were unaffecte ...
11 - Amboseli Baboon Research Project
... ber of organizing principles about relations between group organization with what and ecology. They are consistent is now known about the social ecology of baboons and geladas. I leave it to others to decide whether they have broader applica? tion than that. The basic concept that will be developed ...
... ber of organizing principles about relations between group organization with what and ecology. They are consistent is now known about the social ecology of baboons and geladas. I leave it to others to decide whether they have broader applica? tion than that. The basic concept that will be developed ...
Conceptual Modeling and Ontological Analysis
... – quality evaluation and certification • Seamless knowledge integration (H-H, H-C, C-C, H-C-H, C-H-C) • Co-operative conceptual analysis – Distinguished discipline (theory, methodology) – Ad-hoc tools ...
... – quality evaluation and certification • Seamless knowledge integration (H-H, H-C, C-C, H-C-H, C-H-C) • Co-operative conceptual analysis – Distinguished discipline (theory, methodology) – Ad-hoc tools ...
Biological Control of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox
... species. Zoogeographic patterns and field observations of arctic-red fox interac308 ...
... species. Zoogeographic patterns and field observations of arctic-red fox interac308 ...
Functional traits are more variable at the intra- than inter
... Over the past decades, functional traits have been increasingly used as reliable predictors of species and community responses to environmental gradients (MCGILL et al. 2006, ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, PAKEMAN et al. 2009). The majority of studies investigating functional traits have focused on differ ...
... Over the past decades, functional traits have been increasingly used as reliable predictors of species and community responses to environmental gradients (MCGILL et al. 2006, ACKERLY & CORNWELL 2007, PAKEMAN et al. 2009). The majority of studies investigating functional traits have focused on differ ...
Identifying Conservation and Research Priorities in the Face of
... the recovery of threatened species and that is first to identify the cause of decline. This is often reduced to the task of identifying the threatening process(es). Logically, once the threat has been identified, it is necessary to take actions to mitigate the threatening process. It is also critica ...
... the recovery of threatened species and that is first to identify the cause of decline. This is often reduced to the task of identifying the threatening process(es). Logically, once the threat has been identified, it is necessary to take actions to mitigate the threatening process. It is also critica ...
Laboratory 1 Evolution by Means of Natural Selection
... Organic evolution, biological change over time in living organisms, is an observable phenomenon, not a theory. Tremendous amounts of scientific data support the fact that evolution of natural populations has occurred in the past, and is still occurring now. The only thing theoretical about evolution ...
... Organic evolution, biological change over time in living organisms, is an observable phenomenon, not a theory. Tremendous amounts of scientific data support the fact that evolution of natural populations has occurred in the past, and is still occurring now. The only thing theoretical about evolution ...
Peppered Moth Simulation
... The economic changes known as the industrial revolution began in the middle of the eighteenth century. Since then, tons of soot have been deposited on the country side around industrial areas. The soot discoloured and generally darkened the surfaces of trees and rocks. In 1848, a dark-coloured moth ...
... The economic changes known as the industrial revolution began in the middle of the eighteenth century. Since then, tons of soot have been deposited on the country side around industrial areas. The soot discoloured and generally darkened the surfaces of trees and rocks. In 1848, a dark-coloured moth ...
Average Convergence Rate of Evolutionary Algorithms
... (MEA) [15] with the Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP) [16] under the same experiment setting (where n is 30 and population size is 100). Run the two EAs for 1500 generations and 100 times. Calculate ft according to (4) and then R(t) according to (2). Fig. 1 illustrates the convergence rates of MEA ...
... (MEA) [15] with the Fast Evolutionary Programming (FEP) [16] under the same experiment setting (where n is 30 and population size is 100). Run the two EAs for 1500 generations and 100 times. Calculate ft according to (4) and then R(t) according to (2). Fig. 1 illustrates the convergence rates of MEA ...
Where does the carbon go? Thermal acclimation of respiration and
... and thus it was rare for any model variable to be significant. Respiration rates (RTref) were more likely to vary and show some effects of both space and time. The results of this paper, and the expanded set of species from the experiment presented in Reich et al. (2016), suggest that models can conti ...
... and thus it was rare for any model variable to be significant. Respiration rates (RTref) were more likely to vary and show some effects of both space and time. The results of this paper, and the expanded set of species from the experiment presented in Reich et al. (2016), suggest that models can conti ...
Functional uniformity - Portsmouth Research Portal
... particularly similar uniform level of biodiversity (those in South Africa and Australia) are ...
... particularly similar uniform level of biodiversity (those in South Africa and Australia) are ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.