Coral reef bib - updated 5-19-10 — Ecosystem
... decline can seriously impact abundance. REVIEW PAPER McManus JW, Polsenberg JF (2004) Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: ecological and environmental aspects. Progress in Oceanography, 60, ...
... decline can seriously impact abundance. REVIEW PAPER McManus JW, Polsenberg JF (2004) Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: ecological and environmental aspects. Progress in Oceanography, 60, ...
The adaptive value of migrations for the bivalve Macoma balthica
... that, they sometimes climb on a high object. When the water comes in, the shell becomes buoyant because it is dried out. Subsequently, the snail secretes a mucous raft that attaches the snail to the water surface and the snail extends its foot to get hold on the water surface. Only when the weather ...
... that, they sometimes climb on a high object. When the water comes in, the shell becomes buoyant because it is dried out. Subsequently, the snail secretes a mucous raft that attaches the snail to the water surface and the snail extends its foot to get hold on the water surface. Only when the weather ...
SAIS botanical survey report
... the early habitats (Cronk, 1989, 2000), we have only a few chance historical references and early if very incomplete collections such of that of the Cook Expedition in the 1770s to provide glimpses of what the pristine environment of the island might have been like. Melliss (1875) suggested (althou ...
... the early habitats (Cronk, 1989, 2000), we have only a few chance historical references and early if very incomplete collections such of that of the Cook Expedition in the 1770s to provide glimpses of what the pristine environment of the island might have been like. Melliss (1875) suggested (althou ...
Chapter 1 General introduction
... sight, sound and smell. They find carrion by the sound of other carnivores feeding, by distress calls, by smell, or during day light hours by watching vultures descend on carcasses (Mills & Hofer, 1998). They are able to hear noises coming from predators killing prey or feeding on carcasses over dis ...
... sight, sound and smell. They find carrion by the sound of other carnivores feeding, by distress calls, by smell, or during day light hours by watching vultures descend on carcasses (Mills & Hofer, 1998). They are able to hear noises coming from predators killing prey or feeding on carcasses over dis ...
Sources of mortality and associated life-cycle traits of
... (ii) sources of mortality: burial/wash-out, temperature, predation, plankton blooms/eutrophication, trawl/dredge effects, pollution and other. This was to avoid any pre-disposition to rank them according to, for example, their nutritive, conservation or nuisance status. Inevitably, however, ...
... (ii) sources of mortality: burial/wash-out, temperature, predation, plankton blooms/eutrophication, trawl/dredge effects, pollution and other. This was to avoid any pre-disposition to rank them according to, for example, their nutritive, conservation or nuisance status. Inevitably, however, ...
Slow swimming, fast strikes: effects of feeding behavior on scaling of
... activity of ODH (y) ranged from 134 to 1253 U g−1 and decreased significantly (P<0.0001) with increasing size (M; y=1768.2×M–0.20; Fig. 1A, Table 1). However individuals <17.76 g had a slightly positive (P<0.05) scaling coefficient (y=832.1×M0.06±0.027; Fig. 1A, Table 1). The negative scaling observ ...
... activity of ODH (y) ranged from 134 to 1253 U g−1 and decreased significantly (P<0.0001) with increasing size (M; y=1768.2×M–0.20; Fig. 1A, Table 1). However individuals <17.76 g had a slightly positive (P<0.05) scaling coefficient (y=832.1×M0.06±0.027; Fig. 1A, Table 1). The negative scaling observ ...
CHAPTER 10. Nekton - The Narragansett Bay National Estuarine
... long-term monitoring programs were initiated in the open waters of Narragansett Bay. These programs are the RIDEM sportfish trawl survey throughout Narragansett Bay and in Rhode Island and Block Island sounds (e.g., Lynch, 2000), and the GSO fish trawl survey (Jefferies and Johnson, 1974; Jeffries and ...
... long-term monitoring programs were initiated in the open waters of Narragansett Bay. These programs are the RIDEM sportfish trawl survey throughout Narragansett Bay and in Rhode Island and Block Island sounds (e.g., Lynch, 2000), and the GSO fish trawl survey (Jefferies and Johnson, 1974; Jeffries and ...
Download, PDF, 2.2 mb - Water`s Journey: Everglades
... putting humans in proximity with these ecosystems. This means that many of our activities potentially affect them, but it’s not always obvious. Agriculture, for example, can alter these ecosystems when excess fertilizer washes seaward with rain runoff. The variety of human activities is so wide we c ...
... putting humans in proximity with these ecosystems. This means that many of our activities potentially affect them, but it’s not always obvious. Agriculture, for example, can alter these ecosystems when excess fertilizer washes seaward with rain runoff. The variety of human activities is so wide we c ...
University of Groningen Ecology of Estuarine Macrobenthos
... production and returns nutrients to the deeper water layers. It may take years before these nutrients can be utilized by photoautotrophs again. In estuarine systems, however, pelagic-benthic links are not only quantitatively more important, but also qualitatively different, since the benthos can be ...
... production and returns nutrients to the deeper water layers. It may take years before these nutrients can be utilized by photoautotrophs again. In estuarine systems, however, pelagic-benthic links are not only quantitatively more important, but also qualitatively different, since the benthos can be ...
Programme - Arid Zone Ecology Forum
... and geochemistry data from another study conducted near Clanwilliam provide further evidence of the accumulation of aeolian sediments in heuweltjies. More recent research by investigators working near Worcester provides additional soil stratigraphic evidence for role of aeolian sediment accretion in ...
... and geochemistry data from another study conducted near Clanwilliam provide further evidence of the accumulation of aeolian sediments in heuweltjies. More recent research by investigators working near Worcester provides additional soil stratigraphic evidence for role of aeolian sediment accretion in ...
Bridge under troubled water: Turbulence and niche partitioning in
... prey-specific distributions and encounter rates with fish of different foraging strategies (pausetravel P. fluviatilis and cruise R. rutilus). Water turbulence and prey community structure should hereby affect competitive interaction strengths among fish species, with consequences for coexistence pr ...
... prey-specific distributions and encounter rates with fish of different foraging strategies (pausetravel P. fluviatilis and cruise R. rutilus). Water turbulence and prey community structure should hereby affect competitive interaction strengths among fish species, with consequences for coexistence pr ...
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... species that propagate entirely sexually through the production of larvae, some that propagate almost all of their colonies asexually via fragmentation and regeneration, and others that have a mix of asexual and sexually produced colonies (O'Dea et al., 2004). Variation in reproductive life history ...
... species that propagate entirely sexually through the production of larvae, some that propagate almost all of their colonies asexually via fragmentation and regeneration, and others that have a mix of asexual and sexually produced colonies (O'Dea et al., 2004). Variation in reproductive life history ...
Indirect effects of phorid ¯y parasitoids on the mechanisms of
... workers (8000 individuals), 2 g of brood, and one egg-laying queen were separated. Experimental colonies were maintained in plastic trays (24 ´ 17 ´ 7 cm, length ´ width ´ depth; Panel Controls Corporation, Detroit, Mich.) with Fluon (polytetra¯uoroethylene; ICI Fluoropolymers, Exton, Pa.) on the s ...
... workers (8000 individuals), 2 g of brood, and one egg-laying queen were separated. Experimental colonies were maintained in plastic trays (24 ´ 17 ´ 7 cm, length ´ width ´ depth; Panel Controls Corporation, Detroit, Mich.) with Fluon (polytetra¯uoroethylene; ICI Fluoropolymers, Exton, Pa.) on the s ...
Herbivore and pathogen damage on grassland and woodland plants
... generalizable, then plant ecologists will have to re-examine current methodologies for studying plant interactions and question the validity of many previous plant population- and community-level studies. Cahill et al. (2001) warned that further research is urgently needed and that ‘In the mean time ...
... generalizable, then plant ecologists will have to re-examine current methodologies for studying plant interactions and question the validity of many previous plant population- and community-level studies. Cahill et al. (2001) warned that further research is urgently needed and that ‘In the mean time ...
Why Are HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS Important?
... and atmospheric processes to the Eastern Tropical Pacific zone, within which the Galapagos Islands are located. This will provide a scientific foundation for evaluating which climate change scenario(s) is most realistic and determining links between global-scale predictions and on-the-ground natural ...
... and atmospheric processes to the Eastern Tropical Pacific zone, within which the Galapagos Islands are located. This will provide a scientific foundation for evaluating which climate change scenario(s) is most realistic and determining links between global-scale predictions and on-the-ground natural ...
Do delayed effects of overgrazing explain population cycles in voles?
... Klemola, T., Norrdahl, K. and Korpimäki, E. 2000. Do delayed effects of overgrazing explain population cycles in voles? – Oikos 90: 509 – 516. Theoretical models predict that delayed density-dependent processes with a time-lag of approximately nine months are sufficient to generate regular 3 – 5 ye ...
... Klemola, T., Norrdahl, K. and Korpimäki, E. 2000. Do delayed effects of overgrazing explain population cycles in voles? – Oikos 90: 509 – 516. Theoretical models predict that delayed density-dependent processes with a time-lag of approximately nine months are sufficient to generate regular 3 – 5 ye ...
Ecology ppt
... Q. What deduction may be made if the organisms at the start of the chain are less numerous than those that feed upon them? A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their environment ...
... Q. What deduction may be made if the organisms at the start of the chain are less numerous than those that feed upon them? A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their environment ...
Can the invasive European rabbit (Oryctolagus
... pest because they are so widespread and numerous (Myers et al. 1994; Courchamp et al. 2003). The European rabbit now occupies most of the former range of both the bilby and bettong, and has been implicated in their decline through increased competition for forage, and by providing an abundant food s ...
... pest because they are so widespread and numerous (Myers et al. 1994; Courchamp et al. 2003). The European rabbit now occupies most of the former range of both the bilby and bettong, and has been implicated in their decline through increased competition for forage, and by providing an abundant food s ...
Shift happens! Shifting balance and the evolution of diversity
... Markov chain Monte Carlo’ (MCMCMC) methods actually use a similar algorithm for computer optimisation in parameterrich statistical models, for instance in Bayesian phylogenetic analyses (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist, 2001). Theory shows that shifting balance might well be common in continuous populations ...
... Markov chain Monte Carlo’ (MCMCMC) methods actually use a similar algorithm for computer optimisation in parameterrich statistical models, for instance in Bayesian phylogenetic analyses (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist, 2001). Theory shows that shifting balance might well be common in continuous populations ...
A hierarchical view of habitat and its relationship to species
... the habitats it occupies, or its density over the area of interest, including empty sites. The total observed abundance of habitat generalists, at the same density, will almost inevitably be higher because they occupy more habitat space. However, it is not obvious why the density of a habitat genera ...
... the habitats it occupies, or its density over the area of interest, including empty sites. The total observed abundance of habitat generalists, at the same density, will almost inevitably be higher because they occupy more habitat space. However, it is not obvious why the density of a habitat genera ...
Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean
... There are a great number of direct datings available on bones from large mammals, including some from isolated or insular regions (MacPhee et al., 2002). In contrast, direct 14C ages on bones from small mammals (weighing < 5 kg) are still scarce, especially in insular regions. In the Mediterranean i ...
... There are a great number of direct datings available on bones from large mammals, including some from isolated or insular regions (MacPhee et al., 2002). In contrast, direct 14C ages on bones from small mammals (weighing < 5 kg) are still scarce, especially in insular regions. In the Mediterranean i ...
Predation by ladybird beetles (coccinellids) on immature stages of
... The use of 'special diets' containing 'natural' food (i.e. psyllids) has been used to mass-rear other species of ladybirds to prevent migration on release (Hoffmann and Frodsham 1993). Diets for the mass production of both Cleobora mellyi and Harmonia conformis have been developed in New Zealand (Ba ...
... The use of 'special diets' containing 'natural' food (i.e. psyllids) has been used to mass-rear other species of ladybirds to prevent migration on release (Hoffmann and Frodsham 1993). Diets for the mass production of both Cleobora mellyi and Harmonia conformis have been developed in New Zealand (Ba ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... Given that rapid genetic divergence co-varies with fitnessrelated traits (such as spore density), this mutualism could be a useful model system for studying processes of genetic erosion and how environmental conditions affect selection for mutualism, among and within individuals. Evolutionary shifts ...
... Given that rapid genetic divergence co-varies with fitnessrelated traits (such as spore density), this mutualism could be a useful model system for studying processes of genetic erosion and how environmental conditions affect selection for mutualism, among and within individuals. Evolutionary shifts ...
Squirrels as predators
... J. R. Callahan 1 literature review and field observations indicate that most sciurids are facultative predators on small vertebrates. This behavior is documented for at least 30 sciurid species in 8 genera. The frequency of predation apparently is influenced by various factors including climate, sea ...
... J. R. Callahan 1 literature review and field observations indicate that most sciurids are facultative predators on small vertebrates. This behavior is documented for at least 30 sciurid species in 8 genera. The frequency of predation apparently is influenced by various factors including climate, sea ...
Lesson Plan - Limnological Research Center
... Introduction to diatoms Diatoms are a type of algae (class Bacillariophytae). Diatoms are characterized by a cell wall (frustule) made of silica (glass) which protects diatoms from predation, parasites and disease. Each frustule is made of two halves, known as valves, which fit together like a box w ...
... Introduction to diatoms Diatoms are a type of algae (class Bacillariophytae). Diatoms are characterized by a cell wall (frustule) made of silica (glass) which protects diatoms from predation, parasites and disease. Each frustule is made of two halves, known as valves, which fit together like a box w ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.