Peppered Moth Simulation
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
Seed characteristics and susceptibility to pathogen attack in tree
... susceptibility to disease because these previous investigations have typically involved only one or two species. In one of the few exceptions, Augspurger and Kelly (1984) found no significant relationship between seed size and pathogen attack on new seedlings of 18 tree species in a wet forest in Pa ...
... susceptibility to disease because these previous investigations have typically involved only one or two species. In one of the few exceptions, Augspurger and Kelly (1984) found no significant relationship between seed size and pathogen attack on new seedlings of 18 tree species in a wet forest in Pa ...
Steady state solutions of an ecosystem mod
... smaller algal size classes to dominate under oligotrophic conditions, with larger size classes being added sequentially with increased nutrient loading. The model makes use of allometric relations among size classes to minimize the number of free parameters, facilitating numerical exploration of its ...
... smaller algal size classes to dominate under oligotrophic conditions, with larger size classes being added sequentially with increased nutrient loading. The model makes use of allometric relations among size classes to minimize the number of free parameters, facilitating numerical exploration of its ...
A taste for exotic food: Neotropical land planarians feeding on an
... of the genus Paraba attacked and consumed E. septemlineata, which, after the beginning of the attack, tried to escape by tumbling or using autotomy. As a scavenger, E. septemlineata would impact the populations of species used as food, but could possibly exclude native scavengers by competition. On ...
... of the genus Paraba attacked and consumed E. septemlineata, which, after the beginning of the attack, tried to escape by tumbling or using autotomy. As a scavenger, E. septemlineata would impact the populations of species used as food, but could possibly exclude native scavengers by competition. On ...
Density-dependent migration in an Amphiura filiformis (Amphiuridae
... ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that the semi-mobile brittle star Amphiura filiformis may have densitydependent migratory behaviour and that their dispersion may be dependent on food availability was examined. Sediment with intact fauna dominated by A. filiformis (-2250 ind. m-2) was brought to the laborat ...
... ABSTRACT: The hypothesis that the semi-mobile brittle star Amphiura filiformis may have densitydependent migratory behaviour and that their dispersion may be dependent on food availability was examined. Sediment with intact fauna dominated by A. filiformis (-2250 ind. m-2) was brought to the laborat ...
From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant functioning
... leaf N (Fig. 2a) effectively captures leaf structure and chemistry, not climate or biome, as the underlying universal sources of variation in Amax (8). A similar response surface occurs in the literature data (Fig. 2b) supporting the generality of these functional relationships. For our field data s ...
... leaf N (Fig. 2a) effectively captures leaf structure and chemistry, not climate or biome, as the underlying universal sources of variation in Amax (8). A similar response surface occurs in the literature data (Fig. 2b) supporting the generality of these functional relationships. For our field data s ...
The Saurian Psyche Revisted: Lizards in Research
... Once a lizard species has been identified as an appropriate model, we must consider a hierarchy of needs from basic physiology through safety, sociality, and reproductive success (Table 2). Researchers generally focus on only a fragment of an animal's life history, but animal needs are now understoo ...
... Once a lizard species has been identified as an appropriate model, we must consider a hierarchy of needs from basic physiology through safety, sociality, and reproductive success (Table 2). Researchers generally focus on only a fragment of an animal's life history, but animal needs are now understoo ...
Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple
... Though several studies have anticipated such shifts (McLaren and Peterson 1994, Terborgh et al. 2001), none we know of has actually followed consequences as they ricochet back up the altered food chain (Fig. 1). Indirect impacts on food chains or other aspects of the ecosystem are not as well studie ...
... Though several studies have anticipated such shifts (McLaren and Peterson 1994, Terborgh et al. 2001), none we know of has actually followed consequences as they ricochet back up the altered food chain (Fig. 1). Indirect impacts on food chains or other aspects of the ecosystem are not as well studie ...
Simulation of potential habitat overlap between red deer (Cervus
... similar habitats with some common species; however, these approaches are insufficient for regional biodiversity conservation. Therefore, we should consider conservation efforts for multiple species that simultaneously exist within the same area (York et al., 2011). Research that elucidates habitat o ...
... similar habitats with some common species; however, these approaches are insufficient for regional biodiversity conservation. Therefore, we should consider conservation efforts for multiple species that simultaneously exist within the same area (York et al., 2011). Research that elucidates habitat o ...
Chapter 15. - Invasive.Org
... Rodolia cardinalis, otherwise known as the vedalia beetle, is believed to be native to Australia (Prasad, 1989). After the successful use of this beetle to control I. purchasi on citrus in California in the 1880s, R. cardinalis was introduced into over 60 countries. It has successfully established o ...
... Rodolia cardinalis, otherwise known as the vedalia beetle, is believed to be native to Australia (Prasad, 1989). After the successful use of this beetle to control I. purchasi on citrus in California in the 1880s, R. cardinalis was introduced into over 60 countries. It has successfully established o ...
Root–root interactions: extending our perspective
... plants. The perspective on possible mechanisms that explain the outcome of root–root interactions has recently been extended to include non-resource-driven mechanisms (as well as resource-driven mechanisms) of root competition and positive interactions such as facilitation. These approaches have oft ...
... plants. The perspective on possible mechanisms that explain the outcome of root–root interactions has recently been extended to include non-resource-driven mechanisms (as well as resource-driven mechanisms) of root competition and positive interactions such as facilitation. These approaches have oft ...
1 BILLING CODE 3510-22-P DEPARTMENT OF
... (3) The range of a species is considered to be the general geographical area within which that species can be found at the time USFWS or NMFS makes any particular status determination. This range includes those areas used throughout all or part of the species’ life cycle, even if they are not used r ...
... (3) The range of a species is considered to be the general geographical area within which that species can be found at the time USFWS or NMFS makes any particular status determination. This range includes those areas used throughout all or part of the species’ life cycle, even if they are not used r ...
Differential support of lake food webs by three types of terrestrial
... below), the standing stocks of carbon pools and many of the fluxes among these pools were measured. These measurements included: daily concentrations of DIC and pCO2; weekly concentrations of chlorophyll a (an indicator of phytoplankton biomass), DOC, POC, the abundance and species composition of cr ...
... below), the standing stocks of carbon pools and many of the fluxes among these pools were measured. These measurements included: daily concentrations of DIC and pCO2; weekly concentrations of chlorophyll a (an indicator of phytoplankton biomass), DOC, POC, the abundance and species composition of cr ...
Draft Predation Assessment Study Plan
... channel margins, as feasible based on safety and survey effectiveness considerations. Bass and salmon captured during seining and snorkeling will be enumerated and length will be either measured (seining) or visually estimated (snorkeling). The location of bass and salmon captured or observed will b ...
... channel margins, as feasible based on safety and survey effectiveness considerations. Bass and salmon captured during seining and snorkeling will be enumerated and length will be either measured (seining) or visually estimated (snorkeling). The location of bass and salmon captured or observed will b ...
Here - American Society of Mammalogists
... Welcome to the 96th annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists! This is one of our best-attended meetings in 25 years, so the next few days promise to be exciting, busy, and fun. For new members, this will be a wonderful opportunity to meet fellow mammal enthusiasts and to share in the l ...
... Welcome to the 96th annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists! This is one of our best-attended meetings in 25 years, so the next few days promise to be exciting, busy, and fun. For new members, this will be a wonderful opportunity to meet fellow mammal enthusiasts and to share in the l ...
D 2.2 Traits analysis Final April 2010
... existing literature. This may lead to expert-biased risk assessment outcomes (Maguire, 2004) but qualitative assessment techniques provide the only realistic approach for assessing such topics as environmental impacts since they are rarely quantified in the scientific literature. Defining and measur ...
... existing literature. This may lead to expert-biased risk assessment outcomes (Maguire, 2004) but qualitative assessment techniques provide the only realistic approach for assessing such topics as environmental impacts since they are rarely quantified in the scientific literature. Defining and measur ...
Distinguishing four fundamental approaches to the evolution of
... analyses (Dugatkin, 1997; Bergmüller et al., 2007a). Certainly all of us will have had experience in investing in another individual in hope of a return on that investment which never materialized. In such situations we behaved cooperatively but the interaction was not cooperation. In conclusion, t ...
... analyses (Dugatkin, 1997; Bergmüller et al., 2007a). Certainly all of us will have had experience in investing in another individual in hope of a return on that investment which never materialized. In such situations we behaved cooperatively but the interaction was not cooperation. In conclusion, t ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... syndrome hypothesis and infer a potential evolutionary ecological basis for foraging mode changes. ...
... syndrome hypothesis and infer a potential evolutionary ecological basis for foraging mode changes. ...
This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may
... The simplest way in which invasive predatory species can affect parasites is by consuming the parasite’s host. This has a two-fold impact on the parasite. It decreases the abundance of the hosts, thus decreasing transmission potential for the parasite. In addition, it may decrease the abundance of t ...
... The simplest way in which invasive predatory species can affect parasites is by consuming the parasite’s host. This has a two-fold impact on the parasite. It decreases the abundance of the hosts, thus decreasing transmission potential for the parasite. In addition, it may decrease the abundance of t ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.