Climate change and multitrophic interactions in soil: the primacy of
... will modify its biology and shift its geographical range, and some will face extinction if these rises continue beyond their tolerance limit. But influences on individual species cannot be used to project influences on multitrophic interactions, which involve many species/ functional groups linked b ...
... will modify its biology and shift its geographical range, and some will face extinction if these rises continue beyond their tolerance limit. But influences on individual species cannot be used to project influences on multitrophic interactions, which involve many species/ functional groups linked b ...
The Role of Economic and Social Factors Driving Predator Control
... ABSTRACT. One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers, which has negatively affected many ...
... ABSTRACT. One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers, which has negatively affected many ...
Invertebrate assemblages of pools in aridland streams have high
... aquatic taxa have adapted to their extreme environment. However, climate change is altering this predictable hydrology, producing longer and more severe droughts and creating novel disturbance regimes for resident organisms. 2. The hydrologic transitions from flowing stream to fragmented pools to dr ...
... aquatic taxa have adapted to their extreme environment. However, climate change is altering this predictable hydrology, producing longer and more severe droughts and creating novel disturbance regimes for resident organisms. 2. The hydrologic transitions from flowing stream to fragmented pools to dr ...
Biogeochemical Cycles
... ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ...
... ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ...
Asymmetrical food web responses in trophic
... and terrestrial systems exist to support increased species and biomass losses at higher trophic levels (Dodson et al. 2000; Jackson et al. 2001; Vinebrooke et al. 2003; Voigt et al. 2003). These disproportionate losses at higher trophic levels can generate asymmetrical responses in food web structur ...
... and terrestrial systems exist to support increased species and biomass losses at higher trophic levels (Dodson et al. 2000; Jackson et al. 2001; Vinebrooke et al. 2003; Voigt et al. 2003). These disproportionate losses at higher trophic levels can generate asymmetrical responses in food web structur ...
landscape and edge effects on the distribution of nest
... HSI model basics • Numerical index of habitat suitability on a 0.0 to 1.0 scale • Models can be based on published knowledge, data, expert opinion • Documentation explains the model's structure, data sources, and assumptions • Models should be viewed as hypotheses of species-habitat relationships • ...
... HSI model basics • Numerical index of habitat suitability on a 0.0 to 1.0 scale • Models can be based on published knowledge, data, expert opinion • Documentation explains the model's structure, data sources, and assumptions • Models should be viewed as hypotheses of species-habitat relationships • ...
The Importance of Wetlands
... species or families, life-history stages, species interactions and/or populations that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological diversity. Important source of food for fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stoc ...
... species or families, life-history stages, species interactions and/or populations that are representative of wetland benefits and/or values and thereby contributes to global biological diversity. Important source of food for fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path on which fish stoc ...
Allelopathic Affects of Briareum asbestinum and Gorgonia sp. on the
... Changlun, Yanan, Liang, & Huashi, 2008) and are allelopathic against scleractinian corals (Pawlik, Burch, & Fenical, 1987). Competition within the gorganaceans has not been studied as extensively (Sammarco & Coll, 1992) as the competition in alcyonaceans; hence Sammarco and Coll (1992) suggest furth ...
... Changlun, Yanan, Liang, & Huashi, 2008) and are allelopathic against scleractinian corals (Pawlik, Burch, & Fenical, 1987). Competition within the gorganaceans has not been studied as extensively (Sammarco & Coll, 1992) as the competition in alcyonaceans; hence Sammarco and Coll (1992) suggest furth ...
the evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies
... maximize their net rate of carbon gain there (Givnish 1988). More generally, until recently it was thought (Kitajima 1994; Kobe et al. 1995; Walters and Reich 1996, 2000b; Reich et al. 1998a, 1998c) that the shade-tolerant plant strategy would employ the same set of traits thought to be employed phe ...
... maximize their net rate of carbon gain there (Givnish 1988). More generally, until recently it was thought (Kitajima 1994; Kobe et al. 1995; Walters and Reich 1996, 2000b; Reich et al. 1998a, 1998c) that the shade-tolerant plant strategy would employ the same set of traits thought to be employed phe ...
Holling
... predation becomes important only when the numbers of prey exceed this "carrying capacity". Hence predators merely remove surplus animals, ones that would succumb even in the absence of natural enemies. Errington exempts certain predator-prey relations from this scheme, however, and quotes the predat ...
... predation becomes important only when the numbers of prey exceed this "carrying capacity". Hence predators merely remove surplus animals, ones that would succumb even in the absence of natural enemies. Errington exempts certain predator-prey relations from this scheme, however, and quotes the predat ...
Camera trap assessment of the mammalian assemblages within the
... CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW GENERAL BACKGROUND Understanding a species’ ecology and life history is now more important than ever before. As human population increases, destruction and conversion of habitat for human use increases all over the world, and understanding how animals m ...
... CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW GENERAL BACKGROUND Understanding a species’ ecology and life history is now more important than ever before. As human population increases, destruction and conversion of habitat for human use increases all over the world, and understanding how animals m ...
effects of interspecific competition and multiple predators
... Actively hunting predators are usually very mobile. Thus, the risk of predation perceived by their prey tends to vary in time. Due to the trade-off between antipredatory behaviour and other fundamental activities, such as feeding and mating, prey should greatly benefit from an ability to adjust thei ...
... Actively hunting predators are usually very mobile. Thus, the risk of predation perceived by their prey tends to vary in time. Due to the trade-off between antipredatory behaviour and other fundamental activities, such as feeding and mating, prey should greatly benefit from an ability to adjust thei ...
Artistic and Historical Monuments: Threatened Ecosystems
... environment produces an acid solution that, although weak, can solubilize relatively insoluble salts such as calcium and magnesium carbonates in limestone, dolomite, a variety of marbles, and plasters that contain carbonates. All these are converted into much more soluble bicarbonates. This process ...
... environment produces an acid solution that, although weak, can solubilize relatively insoluble salts such as calcium and magnesium carbonates in limestone, dolomite, a variety of marbles, and plasters that contain carbonates. All these are converted into much more soluble bicarbonates. This process ...
Contents Organising committee - New Zealand Ecological Society
... networking is essential to ensure that ecology within our Pacific region develops the necessary strengths to meet future ecological challenges in an ever-changing world. ...
... networking is essential to ensure that ecology within our Pacific region develops the necessary strengths to meet future ecological challenges in an ever-changing world. ...
Feeding on survival-food: gelatinous plankton as
... 1988; Mianzan et al., 1996; Mianzan et al., 1997; Purcell & Arai, 2001). Although some fish species may depend heavily and be specialized to feed on gelatinous species, others utilize them only occasionally. The ...
... 1988; Mianzan et al., 1996; Mianzan et al., 1997; Purcell & Arai, 2001). Although some fish species may depend heavily and be specialized to feed on gelatinous species, others utilize them only occasionally. The ...
Chapter 11
... shifting distributions in response to changes in prey availability (Chapter 9, Figure 3). Despite the general indifference of Palearctic raptor community richness to land use at a 5km scale (Chapter 8), my results illustrated that some species may profit from anthropogenic land use change, at least ...
... shifting distributions in response to changes in prey availability (Chapter 9, Figure 3). Despite the general indifference of Palearctic raptor community richness to land use at a 5km scale (Chapter 8), my results illustrated that some species may profit from anthropogenic land use change, at least ...
community context of an obligate mutualism
... In this study, we used the obligate pollination mutualism between Yucca filamentosa L. and its pollinator moth Tegeticula cassandra Pellmyr as the basis for examining how other insect species from the community can influence plant reproductive success and selection on floral traits. Yucca filamentos ...
... In this study, we used the obligate pollination mutualism between Yucca filamentosa L. and its pollinator moth Tegeticula cassandra Pellmyr as the basis for examining how other insect species from the community can influence plant reproductive success and selection on floral traits. Yucca filamentos ...
Habitat and dietary specificity in aphidophagous ladybirds
... of the complexities of ladybird diet (see Hodek 1996, Michaud 2005 for reviews); however, within this framework it is generally possible on the basis of known data to establish how specialized the dietary breadths of individual species are in relation to each other. A clear definition of habitat spe ...
... of the complexities of ladybird diet (see Hodek 1996, Michaud 2005 for reviews); however, within this framework it is generally possible on the basis of known data to establish how specialized the dietary breadths of individual species are in relation to each other. A clear definition of habitat spe ...
01_GR9_UA_BioDiversity - Calgary Catholic Schools
... component of an ecosystem. Different communities can also vary widely. For example a park with many formal gardens (but no trees) has a different community because it contains different populations of species than the park mentioned above. ...
... component of an ecosystem. Different communities can also vary widely. For example a park with many formal gardens (but no trees) has a different community because it contains different populations of species than the park mentioned above. ...
Identification of Species and Habitats that Support Commercial
... Serious Harm: “For the purposes of this Act, serious harm to fish is the death of fish or any permanent alteration to, or destruction of, fish habitat”; Fish: “…(b) shellfish, crustaceans, marine animals and any parts of shellfish, crustaceans or marine animals, and (c) the eggs, sperm, spawn, larva ...
... Serious Harm: “For the purposes of this Act, serious harm to fish is the death of fish or any permanent alteration to, or destruction of, fish habitat”; Fish: “…(b) shellfish, crustaceans, marine animals and any parts of shellfish, crustaceans or marine animals, and (c) the eggs, sperm, spawn, larva ...
The Pinto Abalone Deserves Protection Under the Endangered
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... dynamics in two grazed grassland ecosystems in California: a coastal prairie and valley grassland. The valley grassland was dominated by exotic annual grasses and had significantly lower species diversity than the coastal prairie, which consisted of a mix of perennial and annual grasses and forbs. W ...
... dynamics in two grazed grassland ecosystems in California: a coastal prairie and valley grassland. The valley grassland was dominated by exotic annual grasses and had significantly lower species diversity than the coastal prairie, which consisted of a mix of perennial and annual grasses and forbs. W ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.