Chapter 10 Notes
... Harvesting, Hunting, and Poaching • Excessive hunting can also lead to extinction as seen in the 1800s and 1900s when 2 billion passenger pigeons were hunted to extinction. • Thousands of rare species worldwide are harvested and sold for use as pets, houseplants, wood, food, or herbal medicine. • Po ...
... Harvesting, Hunting, and Poaching • Excessive hunting can also lead to extinction as seen in the 1800s and 1900s when 2 billion passenger pigeons were hunted to extinction. • Thousands of rare species worldwide are harvested and sold for use as pets, houseplants, wood, food, or herbal medicine. • Po ...
Chronic nitrogen deposition alters the structure and function of
... dried mass of litter inside. Because the results from these two methods were highly correlated with each other, we present only the results of analyses of density-by-area data. To test how experimental N deposition influenced the microarthropod community in the forest floor, we first used a Student’s t ...
... dried mass of litter inside. Because the results from these two methods were highly correlated with each other, we present only the results of analyses of density-by-area data. To test how experimental N deposition influenced the microarthropod community in the forest floor, we first used a Student’s t ...
New Zealand as ecosystems - Department of Conservation
... reveals organisms as conduits of, and configured by, energy. They, in turn, make up myriad, ‘thermo-dynamically open systems that are out of equilibrium’ 8 , each a self-regulating, shifting mosaic in continuous flux but with functional, historical and evolutionary limits. The result has been a more ...
... reveals organisms as conduits of, and configured by, energy. They, in turn, make up myriad, ‘thermo-dynamically open systems that are out of equilibrium’ 8 , each a self-regulating, shifting mosaic in continuous flux but with functional, historical and evolutionary limits. The result has been a more ...
Strength of asymmetric competition between predators in food webs
... within guilds, is in need of more elaborate analysis. In this study we provide such an analysis by means of modelling. We use a pair of interacting fox species in tundra ecosystems as a specific case, in particular, because the effects on the subordinate member of the pair have become a conservation ...
... within guilds, is in need of more elaborate analysis. In this study we provide such an analysis by means of modelling. We use a pair of interacting fox species in tundra ecosystems as a specific case, in particular, because the effects on the subordinate member of the pair have become a conservation ...
Appendix D: Report on the proposal for an ecological buffer zone at
... The width of 50m would be generally regarded to be conservative in the context of research carried out for ancient woodlands (Corney et al, 2008). However it is considered appropriate since the woodland at Druid’s Glen would not be regarded to be as valuable as ancient woodland and that the nature o ...
... The width of 50m would be generally regarded to be conservative in the context of research carried out for ancient woodlands (Corney et al, 2008). However it is considered appropriate since the woodland at Druid’s Glen would not be regarded to be as valuable as ancient woodland and that the nature o ...
S a fe gua rd in g th e R oman ia n C a rp a th ia ne co lo g ica lne tw
... establishing a robust system of effectively protected core areas interconnected by ecological linkages that will ensure the safe dispersal of animals between viable populations. Ultimately such a network should expand all across Europe in order to restore the untamed natural dynamics now only existi ...
... establishing a robust system of effectively protected core areas interconnected by ecological linkages that will ensure the safe dispersal of animals between viable populations. Ultimately such a network should expand all across Europe in order to restore the untamed natural dynamics now only existi ...
COEXISTENCE OF TEMPORALLY PARTITIONED SPINY MICE
... one on mechanisms of coexistence among avian and mammalian desert granivores that included cobble habitat (Kotler and Brown 1999). In the rocky deserts of southern Israel exists a very interesting model system with which to examine the roles of the physical structure of the environment, climatologic ...
... one on mechanisms of coexistence among avian and mammalian desert granivores that included cobble habitat (Kotler and Brown 1999). In the rocky deserts of southern Israel exists a very interesting model system with which to examine the roles of the physical structure of the environment, climatologic ...
Vegetation Change and Ecosystem Services
... sage scrub. The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a broad overview of annual rangeland vegetation and how it may change in response to common disturbances such as invasion, fire and grazing. Other chapters will investigate grazing, livestock and vegetation management practices. ...
... sage scrub. The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a broad overview of annual rangeland vegetation and how it may change in response to common disturbances such as invasion, fire and grazing. Other chapters will investigate grazing, livestock and vegetation management practices. ...
Consumers of sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula
... The results of the present study provide evidence that many fish species consume sea urchins, i.e. P. lividus and A. lixula, in shallow Mediterranean rocky habitats, while only a few species actually prey upon them by breaking their tests. Predation, in addition, appears to be dependent on both prey ...
... The results of the present study provide evidence that many fish species consume sea urchins, i.e. P. lividus and A. lixula, in shallow Mediterranean rocky habitats, while only a few species actually prey upon them by breaking their tests. Predation, in addition, appears to be dependent on both prey ...
How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry
... webs (Jackson and Wilcox, 1993; Tarsitano et al., 2000). This is useful because Portia, instead of targeting just a few web-building spiders, appears to be ready to take on almost any spider in a web as long as it is similar to its own size (Jackson and Blest, 1982). Whether a particular web signal ...
... webs (Jackson and Wilcox, 1993; Tarsitano et al., 2000). This is useful because Portia, instead of targeting just a few web-building spiders, appears to be ready to take on almost any spider in a web as long as it is similar to its own size (Jackson and Blest, 1982). Whether a particular web signal ...
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN FITNESS COMPONENTS AND
... Ideally, our review should have included only studies based on long-term monitoring of individually recognizable animals, analyzed with methods that account for differences in recapture probability, because those studies minimize errors in estimates of fitness components and reduce the risk of sampl ...
... Ideally, our review should have included only studies based on long-term monitoring of individually recognizable animals, analyzed with methods that account for differences in recapture probability, because those studies minimize errors in estimates of fitness components and reduce the risk of sampl ...
The road toward sympatric speciation in whitefish.
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
... For almost every organism there are large gaps in our knowledge about the processes that leads to speciation. The changes an organism undergoes before divergence has occurred have remained a mystery, as it is difficult to say whether or not a species is going to diverge and when. To investigate this ...
The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
Climate forcing and the California Current ecosystem
... to address climate forcing impacts on ecosystem structure and productivity of marine species. For the California Current system, the Task Team described the physical processes, built an overview of species across trophic levels, and described how the population dynamics of these species have changed ...
... to address climate forcing impacts on ecosystem structure and productivity of marine species. For the California Current system, the Task Team described the physical processes, built an overview of species across trophic levels, and described how the population dynamics of these species have changed ...
Stable isotope methods in biological and ecological studies of
... Many of the biological processes and reactions that have been investigated using radioactive tracers could use stable isotopes instead, with the distinct advantage that there are no environmental impact or (bio)safety issues associated with using stable isotope-labelled material. Because stable isot ...
... Many of the biological processes and reactions that have been investigated using radioactive tracers could use stable isotopes instead, with the distinct advantage that there are no environmental impact or (bio)safety issues associated with using stable isotope-labelled material. Because stable isot ...
Poor phenotypic integration of blue mussel inducible
... in the presence of cues from Asterias (a sea star that pries open mussel shells to access tissue; Reimer and HarmsRingdahl 2001, Freeman 2007). Different species of predators may simultaneously induce morphological defenses, but the defensive responses may be similar and integrate well if the predat ...
... in the presence of cues from Asterias (a sea star that pries open mussel shells to access tissue; Reimer and HarmsRingdahl 2001, Freeman 2007). Different species of predators may simultaneously induce morphological defenses, but the defensive responses may be similar and integrate well if the predat ...
Observations On Environmental Change in South Africa
... of environmental changes in South Africa with Johan Pauw, who saw the relevance and necessity for such a book and its value for promoting the work of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), especially amongst politicians and decision makers, who by the nature of their work may n ...
... of environmental changes in South Africa with Johan Pauw, who saw the relevance and necessity for such a book and its value for promoting the work of the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), especially amongst politicians and decision makers, who by the nature of their work may n ...
Ecology Practice Test Name
... ____ 17. A cargo ship accidentally dumps toxic chemicals into the ocean. These chemicals are absorbed through the skin of many fish. Later, a bird in the area is found to have these same chemical toxins in its body. Which statement best explains this? A. The chemicals entered the air. B. The chemica ...
... ____ 17. A cargo ship accidentally dumps toxic chemicals into the ocean. These chemicals are absorbed through the skin of many fish. Later, a bird in the area is found to have these same chemical toxins in its body. Which statement best explains this? A. The chemicals entered the air. B. The chemica ...
barn owl (tyto alba) diet composition on intensively used agricultural
... consumption of genus Sorex during the period when the Common Vole’s population was declining. There are many other factors that can influence selective and opportunistic hunting behaviour of Barn Owls, such as prey size, time of the year and the antipredator strategies of the potential prey (Marti e ...
... consumption of genus Sorex during the period when the Common Vole’s population was declining. There are many other factors that can influence selective and opportunistic hunting behaviour of Barn Owls, such as prey size, time of the year and the antipredator strategies of the potential prey (Marti e ...
Ecology of the New Zealand Rocky Shore Community
... attach to or shelter beneath in a dynamic environment exposed to strong water currents and wave action. The rock provides a stable anchorage for many sessile organisms and allows them to grow to a large size without being dislodged. With a plentiful supply of food, their relatively large size means ...
... attach to or shelter beneath in a dynamic environment exposed to strong water currents and wave action. The rock provides a stable anchorage for many sessile organisms and allows them to grow to a large size without being dislodged. With a plentiful supply of food, their relatively large size means ...
Weasel - Ministry of Environment
... increases susceptibility to parasites and disease. It also increases vulnerability to predation because of both weakened condition and the extra exposure resulting from the need to increase time and area coverage while hunting. Finally, the combination of increased energy expenditure in looking for ...
... increases susceptibility to parasites and disease. It also increases vulnerability to predation because of both weakened condition and the extra exposure resulting from the need to increase time and area coverage while hunting. Finally, the combination of increased energy expenditure in looking for ...
Fear in Wildlife Food Webs: Large Carnivore Predation Risk
... Our experimental work demonstrated that fine-scale behavioural changes in prey in response to predation risk can have community-level effects relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, experimentally testing animal responses to predators and other sources of risk in free-living wildlife present ...
... Our experimental work demonstrated that fine-scale behavioural changes in prey in response to predation risk can have community-level effects relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, experimentally testing animal responses to predators and other sources of risk in free-living wildlife present ...
Small Mammals in Mbeere, Kenya
... CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION, STUDY AIM AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The term land use refers to two aspects of habitat condition; it includes the patterns of actual use of land (immediate activities that change habitat conditions) as well as the ecological consequences of these activities ...
... CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION, STUDY AIM AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The term land use refers to two aspects of habitat condition; it includes the patterns of actual use of land (immediate activities that change habitat conditions) as well as the ecological consequences of these activities ...
effects of air temperature, altitude and local - CREA Mont
... temporal variation in thermal sum, defined as the sum of daily mean temperatures above a certain threshold temperature until the date of the phenological event (in Degree-Days (°d)). We chose 0 °C as base temperature because of the geographic location of the study area. Indeed, daily mean temperatur ...
... temporal variation in thermal sum, defined as the sum of daily mean temperatures above a certain threshold temperature until the date of the phenological event (in Degree-Days (°d)). We chose 0 °C as base temperature because of the geographic location of the study area. Indeed, daily mean temperatur ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.