Fear in Wildlife Food Webs: Large Carnivore Predation Risk
... Our experimental work demonstrated that fine-scale behavioural changes in prey in response to predation risk can have community-level effects relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, experimentally testing animal responses to predators and other sources of risk in free-living wildlife present ...
... Our experimental work demonstrated that fine-scale behavioural changes in prey in response to predation risk can have community-level effects relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, experimentally testing animal responses to predators and other sources of risk in free-living wildlife present ...
Small Mammals in Mbeere, Kenya
... CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION, STUDY AIM AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The term land use refers to two aspects of habitat condition; it includes the patterns of actual use of land (immediate activities that change habitat conditions) as well as the ecological consequences of these activities ...
... CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION, STUDY AIM AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The term land use refers to two aspects of habitat condition; it includes the patterns of actual use of land (immediate activities that change habitat conditions) as well as the ecological consequences of these activities ...
reviews - Gary Bucciarelli
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
... history with nonpredatory fishes, they show virtually no response to cues from introduced Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). In the few examples where amphibians have survived the introduction of a nonnative species, it appears that those species benefitted due to a genetic propensity for induc ...
Invertebrate colonization on artificial substrates in a coral reef at
... success of coral recruitment, which has been characteristically low on artificial substrates in the TEP region (Wellington, 1982; Richmond, 1985; Glynn et al., 1996; Medina-Rosas et al., 2005; López-Pérez, Mora- Pérez & LeyteMorales, 2007). Variation in Balanus density between different habitats is ...
... success of coral recruitment, which has been characteristically low on artificial substrates in the TEP region (Wellington, 1982; Richmond, 1985; Glynn et al., 1996; Medina-Rosas et al., 2005; López-Pérez, Mora- Pérez & LeyteMorales, 2007). Variation in Balanus density between different habitats is ...
PREY CHOICE AND SPIDER FITNESS
... poor-quality aphid gave a significant nutrient supplement to the fruit flies (Toft 1995). Also, palatable prey may differ in nutrient quality. Several authors have stated that fruit flies are nutritionally insufficient for complete development of spiders (Miyashita 1968; Riechert & Harp 1987). Recen ...
... poor-quality aphid gave a significant nutrient supplement to the fruit flies (Toft 1995). Also, palatable prey may differ in nutrient quality. Several authors have stated that fruit flies are nutritionally insufficient for complete development of spiders (Miyashita 1968; Riechert & Harp 1987). Recen ...
Life in a New - ShinyVerse.org
... Walter’s early work with simple electronic “turtle” nervous systems, and Braitenberg’s “vehicles” suggested the whole bottom-up, synthesis-before-analysis approach, along with the viability of making somewhat arbitrary connections between simple sensory inputs and simple motor controls. PolyWorld (P ...
... Walter’s early work with simple electronic “turtle” nervous systems, and Braitenberg’s “vehicles” suggested the whole bottom-up, synthesis-before-analysis approach, along with the viability of making somewhat arbitrary connections between simple sensory inputs and simple motor controls. PolyWorld (P ...
Ecological Role of Vertebrate Scavengers
... '1IIIrllla-carcass in Hawaii by an invasive small Asian mongoose~Helpestesjav(micus (bottom left), and scavenging of a rat t!UfCUIIII by a gray fox-Urocyon cinereoargellteus (bottom right). ...
... '1IIIrllla-carcass in Hawaii by an invasive small Asian mongoose~Helpestesjav(micus (bottom left), and scavenging of a rat t!UfCUIIII by a gray fox-Urocyon cinereoargellteus (bottom right). ...
Dankiv Y.Y., Ostapyuk M.Y., Ostapyuk P.Y., ENVIRONMENTAL
... determination of performed strategic measures for the environment protection. In particular, ...
... determination of performed strategic measures for the environment protection. In particular, ...
Feeding strategies in sympatric red howler monkeys (Alouatta
... overall diet consumption was also shown to be significantly different between the three species (p<0.005). These results demonstrated that niche separation between these sympatric primates may be achieved through differences in habitat types used for foraging and food types consumed. Data from this ...
... overall diet consumption was also shown to be significantly different between the three species (p<0.005). These results demonstrated that niche separation between these sympatric primates may be achieved through differences in habitat types used for foraging and food types consumed. Data from this ...
Tabby Go Home
... Are these household pets affecting the fate of the native birds, mammals and reptiles? To find out, I distributed thousands of questionnaires to people living on the edges of canyons in the San Diego region, asking cat owners about the –sex, age, reproductive condition, numbers and activity patterns ...
... Are these household pets affecting the fate of the native birds, mammals and reptiles? To find out, I distributed thousands of questionnaires to people living on the edges of canyons in the San Diego region, asking cat owners about the –sex, age, reproductive condition, numbers and activity patterns ...
A review of the adaptive significance and ecosystem consequences
... evidence also exists for marine systems. For example, at times when planktivorous fish are more abundant, normal DVM may be more pronounced (Bollens & Frost, 1989; Frost & Bollens, 1992). Individual differences in DVM may also be under genetic control leading to long-term evolutionary changes in the ...
... evidence also exists for marine systems. For example, at times when planktivorous fish are more abundant, normal DVM may be more pronounced (Bollens & Frost, 1989; Frost & Bollens, 1992). Individual differences in DVM may also be under genetic control leading to long-term evolutionary changes in the ...
Freshwater ciliates as ecophysiological model organisms – lessons
... doubling the population number. In the former, the clutch size, i. e. the number of eggs in the brood chamber of the female Daphnia, may vary widely in response to the environmental conditions. The environmental impact on the clutch size was, for instance, investigated in seven alpine lakes in Portu ...
... doubling the population number. In the former, the clutch size, i. e. the number of eggs in the brood chamber of the female Daphnia, may vary widely in response to the environmental conditions. The environmental impact on the clutch size was, for instance, investigated in seven alpine lakes in Portu ...
temporospatial distributions of elk, mule deer, and cattle: resource
... an individual of a dominant species causes direct harm to another individual via physical, chemical, or behavioral mechanisms; this may occur when 1 individual directly attacks another or in subtler forms, such as threat behavior or territoriality. Thus, interference competition precludes the use of ...
... an individual of a dominant species causes direct harm to another individual via physical, chemical, or behavioral mechanisms; this may occur when 1 individual directly attacks another or in subtler forms, such as threat behavior or territoriality. Thus, interference competition precludes the use of ...
Transformations - NSDL Project Archive
... other salticids. P. fimbriata also eat insects and the eggs of other spiders. •P. fimbriata are predatory, and they use several methods of predation. One is aggressive vibratory mimicry, in which P. fimbriata climb on to the web of their victim and use their legs and palps to pluck signals on the we ...
... other salticids. P. fimbriata also eat insects and the eggs of other spiders. •P. fimbriata are predatory, and they use several methods of predation. One is aggressive vibratory mimicry, in which P. fimbriata climb on to the web of their victim and use their legs and palps to pluck signals on the we ...
A US–Canada Science Symposium, 27–30 November 2012
... To the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Northeast US and Atlantic Canada, 2012 may have gone down as the year that drove climate change home. An ocean heat wave covered a large swath of the North Atlantic and broke ocean temperature records. It also triggered biological effects th ...
... To the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Northeast US and Atlantic Canada, 2012 may have gone down as the year that drove climate change home. An ocean heat wave covered a large swath of the North Atlantic and broke ocean temperature records. It also triggered biological effects th ...
Foraging efficiency of Akodon azarae under different plant cover and
... while terrestrial predators are scarce (Bellocq 1988; Hodara and Busch 2006). In the study area, owls capture their prey preferentially along crop field borders, but predation is greater for other rodent species than for A. azarae, probably because of the competitive dominance of the latter species, ...
... while terrestrial predators are scarce (Bellocq 1988; Hodara and Busch 2006). In the study area, owls capture their prey preferentially along crop field borders, but predation is greater for other rodent species than for A. azarae, probably because of the competitive dominance of the latter species, ...
A dual frame survey to assess time- and space
... dynamic issues: 1) cross-sectional data – i.e., referring to the sampling of a pool of unknown individuals at a given point of time – allow estimating changes from one year to another in the species’ distribution range or new pack formations, and (2) longitudinal data – i.e., repeated observations o ...
... dynamic issues: 1) cross-sectional data – i.e., referring to the sampling of a pool of unknown individuals at a given point of time – allow estimating changes from one year to another in the species’ distribution range or new pack formations, and (2) longitudinal data – i.e., repeated observations o ...
Productivity, dispersal and the coexistence of intraguild predators
... coexistence: a community that experiences spatial variation in resource productivity but no spatial variation in the life history traits of the consumers themselves. The consumer species can however sample spatial variation in resource productivity via dispersal. This study thus makes two novel cont ...
... coexistence: a community that experiences spatial variation in resource productivity but no spatial variation in the life history traits of the consumers themselves. The consumer species can however sample spatial variation in resource productivity via dispersal. This study thus makes two novel cont ...
Understanding the evolution and function of entomopathogenic fungi
... agents of insecticidal toxins, and encourage their use as ‘silver bullets’. It is my belief that both the ‘ecological’ and ‘industrial’ approaches to microbial control could be improved through a better understanding of the evolution and function of entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi sho ...
... agents of insecticidal toxins, and encourage their use as ‘silver bullets’. It is my belief that both the ‘ecological’ and ‘industrial’ approaches to microbial control could be improved through a better understanding of the evolution and function of entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi sho ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.