A dual frame survey to assess time- and space
... dynamic issues: 1) cross-sectional data – i.e., referring to the sampling of a pool of unknown individuals at a given point of time – allow estimating changes from one year to another in the species’ distribution range or new pack formations, and (2) longitudinal data – i.e., repeated observations o ...
... dynamic issues: 1) cross-sectional data – i.e., referring to the sampling of a pool of unknown individuals at a given point of time – allow estimating changes from one year to another in the species’ distribution range or new pack formations, and (2) longitudinal data – i.e., repeated observations o ...
Population structure of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and its
... broom) appears to be dominating vast areas of the grasslands in the Nilgiris9 (M. P. Srinivasan, pers. obs.). Though concern over expansion of Scotch broom has initiated attempts to test the efficacy of various chemical and mechanical methods9, little has been done to understand the mechanism of inv ...
... broom) appears to be dominating vast areas of the grasslands in the Nilgiris9 (M. P. Srinivasan, pers. obs.). Though concern over expansion of Scotch broom has initiated attempts to test the efficacy of various chemical and mechanical methods9, little has been done to understand the mechanism of inv ...
the inheritance of autosomal and sex
... We also discuss the hypothesis that rare phenotypes controlled by dominant alleles might persist in this population because visual predators impose apostatic selection on distinctive isopod color patterns (Jormalainen et al., 1995; Bourguet, 1999; Bond and Kamil, 1998, 2006). Apostatic selection occ ...
... We also discuss the hypothesis that rare phenotypes controlled by dominant alleles might persist in this population because visual predators impose apostatic selection on distinctive isopod color patterns (Jormalainen et al., 1995; Bourguet, 1999; Bond and Kamil, 1998, 2006). Apostatic selection occ ...
A General Theory of Clutch Size
... of energyspent, but the advantagegained enemies,or competingmore efficiently for by the individualwho spendsthat amount resources.Since a jack-of-all-tradespolicy of energy on that particularrequirement. often bringsgreaterreturnsthan a specialMeasurablequantitiessuch as clutch size ist policy, the ...
... of energyspent, but the advantagegained enemies,or competingmore efficiently for by the individualwho spendsthat amount resources.Since a jack-of-all-tradespolicy of energy on that particularrequirement. often bringsgreaterreturnsthan a specialMeasurablequantitiessuch as clutch size ist policy, the ...
Complete Cut-Free Tableaux for Equational Simple Type Theory
... lambda conversion from the tableau system and most of the completeness proof. For the completeness proof we use the new notion of a value system to directly construct surjective Henkin models. Value systems are logical relations [19] providing a relational semantics for simply-typed lambda calculus. ...
... lambda conversion from the tableau system and most of the completeness proof. For the completeness proof we use the new notion of a value system to directly construct surjective Henkin models. Value systems are logical relations [19] providing a relational semantics for simply-typed lambda calculus. ...
Access to land, livestock production and ecosystem
... policy makers aiming to prevent the overgrazing in communal lands. In Southern Africa, policies have been oriented on de-stocking incentives aiming to control land degradation and increase individual animal performance (Benjaminsen et al., 2005). De Haan (1997) proposes a conservative management in ...
... policy makers aiming to prevent the overgrazing in communal lands. In Southern Africa, policies have been oriented on de-stocking incentives aiming to control land degradation and increase individual animal performance (Benjaminsen et al., 2005). De Haan (1997) proposes a conservative management in ...
The functional approach to agricultural landscape analysis. The
... a functional unit that can reflect interactions of ecological and human aspects of processes ...
... a functional unit that can reflect interactions of ecological and human aspects of processes ...
Summary - University of Amsterdam
... Overall results indicating non-monophyly of most Madracis taxa and high levels of shared polymorphism, combined with evidence for relatively old fossil record, suggest that introgressive hybridization is likely to have played a role in the evolution of Madracis. The study suggests that Madracis mor ...
... Overall results indicating non-monophyly of most Madracis taxa and high levels of shared polymorphism, combined with evidence for relatively old fossil record, suggest that introgressive hybridization is likely to have played a role in the evolution of Madracis. The study suggests that Madracis mor ...
Emerging patterns in the comparative analysis of phylogenetic
... 1996) — with the notable exception of interest in speciesper-genus ratios (Elton 1946; Moreau 1948; Williams 1964; Järvinen 1982). Since an early attempt to perform a phylogenetic analysis of community structure (Webb 2000), and a review of the theoretical and empirical roots of such methods (Webb e ...
... 1996) — with the notable exception of interest in speciesper-genus ratios (Elton 1946; Moreau 1948; Williams 1964; Järvinen 1982). Since an early attempt to perform a phylogenetic analysis of community structure (Webb 2000), and a review of the theoretical and empirical roots of such methods (Webb e ...
The evolution of Müllerian mimicry | SpringerLink
... assumptions of Müller’s model are unsupported, I have attempted to suggest why and propose alternative approaches. I highlight field experiments in particular because I believe the insights they deliver are frequently more directly applicable. However, understanding the psychology of predation often ...
... assumptions of Müller’s model are unsupported, I have attempted to suggest why and propose alternative approaches. I highlight field experiments in particular because I believe the insights they deliver are frequently more directly applicable. However, understanding the psychology of predation often ...
matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow
... the interactions between an organism and its environment, e.g., a birds’ bill size affects aspects of food uptake). Matching habitat choice is orthogonal to phenotypic plasticity (Fig. 1). Although in both processes the fitness-enhancing effect stems from an increase in the match between phenotype a ...
... the interactions between an organism and its environment, e.g., a birds’ bill size affects aspects of food uptake). Matching habitat choice is orthogonal to phenotypic plasticity (Fig. 1). Although in both processes the fitness-enhancing effect stems from an increase in the match between phenotype a ...
An Approach to Assessing Risk to Terrestrial Biodiversity in Canada
... The risk to terrestrial biodiversity model required a conceptual framework within which many of the factors that affect changes in biodiversity could be linked together. The conceptual framework chosen evolved from the stress–condition– societal response framework commonly used in the development of ...
... The risk to terrestrial biodiversity model required a conceptual framework within which many of the factors that affect changes in biodiversity could be linked together. The conceptual framework chosen evolved from the stress–condition– societal response framework commonly used in the development of ...
Mixotrophy everywhere on land and in water
... Common knowledge and textbooks often contrast two exclusive trophic strategies for carbon acquisition by living organisms: heterotrophy vs. autotrophy. Autotrophs assimilate CO2 through chemolithotrophy or photosynthesis to produce their own biomass using environmental energy sources, while heterotr ...
... Common knowledge and textbooks often contrast two exclusive trophic strategies for carbon acquisition by living organisms: heterotrophy vs. autotrophy. Autotrophs assimilate CO2 through chemolithotrophy or photosynthesis to produce their own biomass using environmental energy sources, while heterotr ...
The red fox in Australia—an exotic predator turned biocontrol agent
... extinctions, more range contractions, and more population declines than any other biogeographical realm. In retrospect therefore, it is difficult to avoid this unfortunate conclusion—the European colonisation of Australia resulted in an unprecedented wildlife catastrophe on a continental scale. It is ...
... extinctions, more range contractions, and more population declines than any other biogeographical realm. In retrospect therefore, it is difficult to avoid this unfortunate conclusion—the European colonisation of Australia resulted in an unprecedented wildlife catastrophe on a continental scale. It is ...
Philip E. Higuera - College of Forestry and Conservation
... *Higuera, P. E., Calder, W. J., Chipman, M., Gill, J., and R. Kelly. 2014. IGNITE: Why we study the past: PaleoEcology in a time of rapid global change. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Sacramento, CA. (talk) Crausbay, S., Higuera, P. E., Brubaker, L. B., and Sprugel, D. G. 2014. ...
... *Higuera, P. E., Calder, W. J., Chipman, M., Gill, J., and R. Kelly. 2014. IGNITE: Why we study the past: PaleoEcology in a time of rapid global change. Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Sacramento, CA. (talk) Crausbay, S., Higuera, P. E., Brubaker, L. B., and Sprugel, D. G. 2014. ...
Food Chain Tag - Minnesota DNR
... the greatest biomass in the system, and support all other life forms. Producers convert light energy from the sun into food energy. This food energy is transferred through the levels of the food pyramid, or trophic levels, as one organism consumes another. At each level in the food pyramid, energy i ...
... the greatest biomass in the system, and support all other life forms. Producers convert light energy from the sun into food energy. This food energy is transferred through the levels of the food pyramid, or trophic levels, as one organism consumes another. At each level in the food pyramid, energy i ...
A Review of Host-Parasite Relationships
... Taking the broad definition of parasitology into consideration, the word “symbiosis” as used, raises another question. The word itself is taken from Ancient Greek language meaning “living together” [3] ie close and long term interactions between two or more different biological species. In 1877, Alb ...
... Taking the broad definition of parasitology into consideration, the word “symbiosis” as used, raises another question. The word itself is taken from Ancient Greek language meaning “living together” [3] ie close and long term interactions between two or more different biological species. In 1877, Alb ...
Biotic and abiotic factors constraining the distribution and
... axes. Pelliciera rhizophorae is a Neotropical mangrove with a narrow geographical range, specialized habitat, and generally sparse local abundance. I chose to study this species because it is an example of the rarest of the rare, and before I started this work, very little was known about the curren ...
... axes. Pelliciera rhizophorae is a Neotropical mangrove with a narrow geographical range, specialized habitat, and generally sparse local abundance. I chose to study this species because it is an example of the rarest of the rare, and before I started this work, very little was known about the curren ...
Utilisation of Anvils by the Trinidad Motmot
... efficient feeding strategy. The majority of shells found in the middens had intact lips but broken spires, suggesting that in the majority of cases the snail had been held by the lip while the spire end of the shell was being struck against the rock. The use of a surface against which to batter prey ...
... efficient feeding strategy. The majority of shells found in the middens had intact lips but broken spires, suggesting that in the majority of cases the snail had been held by the lip while the spire end of the shell was being struck against the rock. The use of a surface against which to batter prey ...
Durham Research Online
... humans. The differences between modern ‘preagricultural’ humans and baboons were stressed, with the hominin fossil and archaeological records used to identify the stage in human evolution when hominin behaviour started to become more human-like than like monkeys (or apes). Other research using field ...
... humans. The differences between modern ‘preagricultural’ humans and baboons were stressed, with the hominin fossil and archaeological records used to identify the stage in human evolution when hominin behaviour started to become more human-like than like monkeys (or apes). Other research using field ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.