Ch. 4 Species Interaction & Community Ecology
... • Secondary succession: a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy all local organisms. by fires, hurricanes, logging, farming, etc. - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” for the next population species • Climax community: the community resulting from successful succession – ...
... • Secondary succession: a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy all local organisms. by fires, hurricanes, logging, farming, etc. - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” for the next population species • Climax community: the community resulting from successful succession – ...
stability of terrestrial ecosystems as to pest organisms
... birds peck acorns, but a part of them slips out from their paws and falls on the soil surface, where they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2. ...
... birds peck acorns, but a part of them slips out from their paws and falls on the soil surface, where they get out of birds’ vision, and germinate. The protective role of the form and the structure of an acorn surface were described by M.G. Kholodnyi (1941). This is a case of cooperation of CESPPs 2. ...
Author`s personal copy
... Palaearctic grasslands are known for their high biodiversity in many taxa. For example, at small spatial scales vascular plant diversity of certain European grasslands even exceeds tropical rainforests (Wilson et al., 2012), which are normally considered the most diverse ecosystems on earth. A high ...
... Palaearctic grasslands are known for their high biodiversity in many taxa. For example, at small spatial scales vascular plant diversity of certain European grasslands even exceeds tropical rainforests (Wilson et al., 2012), which are normally considered the most diverse ecosystems on earth. A high ...
Unit 1 Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that
... a. prevents the population of any one type of organism from becoming too great. b. indicates a high diversity index. c. indicates a high tolerance to environmental changes. d. All of the above. ____ 20. Which of the following is an example of variation within a species? a. An ostrich cannot fly, but ...
... a. prevents the population of any one type of organism from becoming too great. b. indicates a high diversity index. c. indicates a high tolerance to environmental changes. d. All of the above. ____ 20. Which of the following is an example of variation within a species? a. An ostrich cannot fly, but ...
Individual and interactive effects of salinity and initial fish density on
... for analyses of effects of density and salinity on growth and survival of other species uslng ANCOVA. When faced with empty cells we employed the general linear model approach to ANOVA or ANCOVA (Minitab 1989). Prior to all analyses, data were checked for normality by comparing correlations between ...
... for analyses of effects of density and salinity on growth and survival of other species uslng ANCOVA. When faced with empty cells we employed the general linear model approach to ANOVA or ANCOVA (Minitab 1989). Prior to all analyses, data were checked for normality by comparing correlations between ...
Biology of the black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas
... or by expansion of neighbouring territories. Encounters between remaining residents and potential immigrants, and between different immigrants, are likely to be vastly different to those prior to persecution. Increased levels of aggression are likely until a new hierarchy is established, or until on ...
... or by expansion of neighbouring territories. Encounters between remaining residents and potential immigrants, and between different immigrants, are likely to be vastly different to those prior to persecution. Increased levels of aggression are likely until a new hierarchy is established, or until on ...
Document
... at escaping predators than are adults. I did not witness the initial capture of the skink by J1 so I am unsure of any anti-predator behaviors that the skink may have used at that time. However, many species of Eumeces flicker their vividly colored tails to distract predators (Cooper 1998), and studi ...
... at escaping predators than are adults. I did not witness the initial capture of the skink by J1 so I am unsure of any anti-predator behaviors that the skink may have used at that time. However, many species of Eumeces flicker their vividly colored tails to distract predators (Cooper 1998), and studi ...
Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers
... however, worthy of note is that the family has undergone substantial, and in some cases convergent, diversification (Harris and Mayden, 2001). Thus, there is widespread ecomorphological specialization within this group that has produced a fascinating and diverse group of fishes. The population status ...
... however, worthy of note is that the family has undergone substantial, and in some cases convergent, diversification (Harris and Mayden, 2001). Thus, there is widespread ecomorphological specialization within this group that has produced a fascinating and diverse group of fishes. The population status ...
Brood space limitation of reproduction may explain growth after
... tested by verifying if, and under what conditions, identically sized individuals invest the same amount of resources in reproduction irrespective of food concentration. A simple model was constructed to calculate the optimal packing of the given brood chamber space. As the efficiency of resource acq ...
... tested by verifying if, and under what conditions, identically sized individuals invest the same amount of resources in reproduction irrespective of food concentration. A simple model was constructed to calculate the optimal packing of the given brood chamber space. As the efficiency of resource acq ...
7th gd Ecosystems And Biomes
... A definition states the meaning of a word or phrase by telling about its most important feature or function. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words. ...
... A definition states the meaning of a word or phrase by telling about its most important feature or function. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use all the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words. ...
Feeding ecology of piscivorous brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a
... Norway and Russia. The watercourse is heavily regulated for hydroelectric purposes, and 5000 brown trout > 25 cm are stocked annually to compensate the negative impacts of the impoundments. Stocked and wild trout had almost identical diets consisting mainly of vendace Coregonus albula and partly of ...
... Norway and Russia. The watercourse is heavily regulated for hydroelectric purposes, and 5000 brown trout > 25 cm are stocked annually to compensate the negative impacts of the impoundments. Stocked and wild trout had almost identical diets consisting mainly of vendace Coregonus albula and partly of ...
An Introduction to Wetland Seed Banks
... Common causes of dormancy include physiological immaturity of the embryo and impermeability of the seed coat to water and oxygen (Baskin and Baskin 1989). Seeds with a physiological dormancy will sometimes require a complex series of enzymatic and biochemical changes, referred to as “after-ripening, ...
... Common causes of dormancy include physiological immaturity of the embryo and impermeability of the seed coat to water and oxygen (Baskin and Baskin 1989). Seeds with a physiological dormancy will sometimes require a complex series of enzymatic and biochemical changes, referred to as “after-ripening, ...
this PDF file - Journal of Pollination Ecology
... No statistics on the annual crop of holly and mistletoe in Britain are officially collected by the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), and it is known that a large quantity is imported from northern France (Sanderson & Prendergast 2002) and has been since at least the lat ...
... No statistics on the annual crop of holly and mistletoe in Britain are officially collected by the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), and it is known that a large quantity is imported from northern France (Sanderson & Prendergast 2002) and has been since at least the lat ...
Lineage Loss in Serengeti Cheetahs
... The Serengeti cheetah population violates many of the assumptions of Wright’s (1969) ideal population. The general assumptions are that the population size is stable, the sex ratio is 50:50, mating is random, and reproductive success follows a Poisson distribution. I used published methods for estim ...
... The Serengeti cheetah population violates many of the assumptions of Wright’s (1969) ideal population. The general assumptions are that the population size is stable, the sex ratio is 50:50, mating is random, and reproductive success follows a Poisson distribution. I used published methods for estim ...
Effects of tail-clipping on survivorship and growth of
... crocodilians (Jennings et al. 1991), or mammals (Fisher and Blomberg 2009). Debate over the use of toe clips is ongoing and includes an ethical dispute in which some have referred to the practice as “casual barbarity” (May 2004), whereas others have pointed out how “the resulting data are essential ...
... crocodilians (Jennings et al. 1991), or mammals (Fisher and Blomberg 2009). Debate over the use of toe clips is ongoing and includes an ethical dispute in which some have referred to the practice as “casual barbarity” (May 2004), whereas others have pointed out how “the resulting data are essential ...
Sympatric Speciation in Insects
... in the tropics and subtropics suggests that there are 10 to 30 million species of insects (Erwin 1982). As a group, invertebrate insects, therefore, represent an inordinately large percentage of the world’s fauna, far outnumbering their larger and more conspicuous vertebrate cousins, such as fish (ab ...
... in the tropics and subtropics suggests that there are 10 to 30 million species of insects (Erwin 1982). As a group, invertebrate insects, therefore, represent an inordinately large percentage of the world’s fauna, far outnumbering their larger and more conspicuous vertebrate cousins, such as fish (ab ...
The rapid spread of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) with
... environment are being used to predict rusty crayfish distributions and design conservation plans for native crayfishes throughout Wisconsin. Once established, the highly aggressive and omnivorous feeding behavior of rusty crayfish has resulted in numerous ecological impacts manifested across entire lak ...
... environment are being used to predict rusty crayfish distributions and design conservation plans for native crayfishes throughout Wisconsin. Once established, the highly aggressive and omnivorous feeding behavior of rusty crayfish has resulted in numerous ecological impacts manifested across entire lak ...
Behavioural variability in marine larvae
... Beaufort. North Carolina was compared for populations separated in time (Table 1). McDougall (1943) found that individuals preferred to settle on the bottom of substrata (0 or 45°), When Maturo (1957) did similar experiments, his results were similar to McDougall's in one experiment, but different i ...
... Beaufort. North Carolina was compared for populations separated in time (Table 1). McDougall (1943) found that individuals preferred to settle on the bottom of substrata (0 or 45°), When Maturo (1957) did similar experiments, his results were similar to McDougall's in one experiment, but different i ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.