Alien Marine Invertebrates of Hawaii
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
Flora Expert Panel Report - Department of Environment and
... West Highlands; the Cloncurry, Flinders and Norman from the Mitchell Grass Downs; the Gilbert, Staaten, Nassau and Mitchell from the Einasleigh Uplands. The coastal edge is dominated by marine plains of clay, silt and sand with mangroves, saltpans and mudflats. Further inland, grasslands and woodlan ...
... West Highlands; the Cloncurry, Flinders and Norman from the Mitchell Grass Downs; the Gilbert, Staaten, Nassau and Mitchell from the Einasleigh Uplands. The coastal edge is dominated by marine plains of clay, silt and sand with mangroves, saltpans and mudflats. Further inland, grasslands and woodlan ...
Ecological Best-Practice Livestock Production Guidelines for the
... acknowledge that there are likely to be topics or activities that we have not adequately addressed. However, as with all such guidelines, they should be living, evolving documents which incorporate new information as it becomes available. Thus, any omissions in this draft of the guidelines can and s ...
... acknowledge that there are likely to be topics or activities that we have not adequately addressed. However, as with all such guidelines, they should be living, evolving documents which incorporate new information as it becomes available. Thus, any omissions in this draft of the guidelines can and s ...
effects of ration size and temperature on moult increment and
... Hatchery at Augsburg (Germany) and were grown from May to July 2002 under laboratory conditions at a natural L/D photoperiod. Eighty crayfish (initial mean weight: 0.42 ± 0.02 g and mean cephalotorax length: 12.78 ± 0.14 mm) were randomly allotted into 4 rectangular plexiglas aquaria (40x40x20 cm), ...
... Hatchery at Augsburg (Germany) and were grown from May to July 2002 under laboratory conditions at a natural L/D photoperiod. Eighty crayfish (initial mean weight: 0.42 ± 0.02 g and mean cephalotorax length: 12.78 ± 0.14 mm) were randomly allotted into 4 rectangular plexiglas aquaria (40x40x20 cm), ...
Macrophytes as habitat for fauna
... Kelp beds are large and structurally complex habitats consisting of perennial species. The dominant macrophyte species along the wave-exposed Norwegian coast is the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Foslie. This species is characterized by having an annual lamina and a perennial stipe and holdfast t ...
... Kelp beds are large and structurally complex habitats consisting of perennial species. The dominant macrophyte species along the wave-exposed Norwegian coast is the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Foslie. This species is characterized by having an annual lamina and a perennial stipe and holdfast t ...
Chapter 1
... want to know the species that pollinate a flower and the species that eat that flower. Ecologists study the interactions and transfer of energy and nutrients. They study cycles: energy cycles, nutrient cycles, water cycles, and life cycles. They can examine the ways animals conserve energy, based on ...
... want to know the species that pollinate a flower and the species that eat that flower. Ecologists study the interactions and transfer of energy and nutrients. They study cycles: energy cycles, nutrient cycles, water cycles, and life cycles. They can examine the ways animals conserve energy, based on ...
ground and tiger beetles - Department of Entomology
... adults typically have similar feeding habits; however, larval diets are more restricted due to a limited search range underground. The natural diets of carabid beetles are still widely undetermined. Laboratory studies have shown that carabid beetles will eat nearly anything offered, however they typ ...
... adults typically have similar feeding habits; however, larval diets are more restricted due to a limited search range underground. The natural diets of carabid beetles are still widely undetermined. Laboratory studies have shown that carabid beetles will eat nearly anything offered, however they typ ...
Sample diversity adds value to non-invasive genetic
... and Messenger 2010). As the population expands its range and re-colonises areas from which it has been absent for significant periods of time, it is essential to have reliable and costeffective methods that can be implemented to monitor the population. Monitoring species distribution and abundance i ...
... and Messenger 2010). As the population expands its range and re-colonises areas from which it has been absent for significant periods of time, it is essential to have reliable and costeffective methods that can be implemented to monitor the population. Monitoring species distribution and abundance i ...
Artificial structures as tools for fish habitat rehabilitation in a
... one or more variables to one or more factors in an ANOVA experimental design on the basis of any distance measure, using permutation methods (Anderson, 2001; McArdle and Anderson, 2001). The Euclidean distance was chosen as the basis of all PERMANOVA analysis and data were permutated 4999 times per ...
... one or more variables to one or more factors in an ANOVA experimental design on the basis of any distance measure, using permutation methods (Anderson, 2001; McArdle and Anderson, 2001). The Euclidean distance was chosen as the basis of all PERMANOVA analysis and data were permutated 4999 times per ...
ExamView Pro - Chapter 20.bnk
... b. Predict the relative numbers of herbs, shrubs, and trees and the total number of plant species that you would expect to see 100 years after abandonment of the field. ANS: a. The following are some valid conclusions: (1) The total number of plant species present in the field increased over the 40- ...
... b. Predict the relative numbers of herbs, shrubs, and trees and the total number of plant species that you would expect to see 100 years after abandonment of the field. ANS: a. The following are some valid conclusions: (1) The total number of plant species present in the field increased over the 40- ...
Non-Native Invasive Earthworms as Agents of Change in Northern
... species that tolerate moderate disturbances. Other fungi, including Mortierella sp (Zygomycetes), uniformly decreased in the presence of epigeic, anecic, or endogeic earthworms, reflecting their inability to tolerate hyphal disruption;this is due to the lack of septa to prevent cell content leakage. ...
... species that tolerate moderate disturbances. Other fungi, including Mortierella sp (Zygomycetes), uniformly decreased in the presence of epigeic, anecic, or endogeic earthworms, reflecting their inability to tolerate hyphal disruption;this is due to the lack of septa to prevent cell content leakage. ...
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2003) - Instituto de Biologia
... 19% and 22% of the honey baits, respectively. The two species together accounted for 35% of the ant–diaspore interactions recorded (197 out of 562; see Table 1). In general, these large ponerines individually removed diaspores (small- or medium-sized) distances up to 13 m. Large diaspores were usual ...
... 19% and 22% of the honey baits, respectively. The two species together accounted for 35% of the ant–diaspore interactions recorded (197 out of 562; see Table 1). In general, these large ponerines individually removed diaspores (small- or medium-sized) distances up to 13 m. Large diaspores were usual ...
Highly similar microbial communities are shared among related and
... Ants dominate many terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about their nutritional physiology and ecology. While traditionally viewed as predators and scavengers, recent isotopic studies revealed that many dominant ant species are functional herbivores. As with other insects with nitrogen-poor di ...
... Ants dominate many terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about their nutritional physiology and ecology. While traditionally viewed as predators and scavengers, recent isotopic studies revealed that many dominant ant species are functional herbivores. As with other insects with nitrogen-poor di ...
Succession
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
... Secondary succession in healthy ecosystems following natural disturbances often reproduces the original climax community. Healthy coral reefs and tropical rain forests often recover from storms, and healthy temperate forests and grasslands recover from wildfires. ...
Seedling–herbivore interactions: insights into
... occurs only in a late juvenile stage. Moreover, reproductively mature plants double the secretory cells in the extrafloral nectaries, leading to significantly higher nectar secretion. Thus, although nectaries may be present in seedlings, they are not functional and so cannot be considered part of th ...
... occurs only in a late juvenile stage. Moreover, reproductively mature plants double the secretory cells in the extrafloral nectaries, leading to significantly higher nectar secretion. Thus, although nectaries may be present in seedlings, they are not functional and so cannot be considered part of th ...
Leopardus jacobita, Andean Cat
... 2007, Napolitano et al. 2008). Most recent information about the species has come from analysis of scats found at latrine sites near rocky areas and caves (Cossios et al. 2007, Walker et al. 2007, Napolitano et al. 2008). The Andean Cat is perhaps a solitary species, but may be seen in pairs or with ...
... 2007, Napolitano et al. 2008). Most recent information about the species has come from analysis of scats found at latrine sites near rocky areas and caves (Cossios et al. 2007, Walker et al. 2007, Napolitano et al. 2008). The Andean Cat is perhaps a solitary species, but may be seen in pairs or with ...
How body size mediates the role of animals in nutrient cycling in
... species. All studies measured ammonium, but Schaus et al. (1997a) and Andre et al. (2003) measured soluble reactive P, Vanni et al. (2002) estimated total dissolved P, while Gido (2002) measured total reactive P. We converted wet mass to dry mass by assuming dry mass was 25% of wet mass (Schaus et a ...
... species. All studies measured ammonium, but Schaus et al. (1997a) and Andre et al. (2003) measured soluble reactive P, Vanni et al. (2002) estimated total dissolved P, while Gido (2002) measured total reactive P. We converted wet mass to dry mass by assuming dry mass was 25% of wet mass (Schaus et a ...
Herrera.2014.FEMS.Microbiol.Ecol
... on strain (F5,48 = 33.38, P < 0.0001), host plant (F7,48 = 51.69, P < 0.0001), and their interaction (F35,48 = 1.67, P = 0.049). Mean growth index varied widely across hosts, being lowest in nectar from L. implexa (Mean GI SE = 0.453 0.035) and I. foetidissima (0.465 0.035), and highest in nec ...
... on strain (F5,48 = 33.38, P < 0.0001), host plant (F7,48 = 51.69, P < 0.0001), and their interaction (F35,48 = 1.67, P = 0.049). Mean growth index varied widely across hosts, being lowest in nectar from L. implexa (Mean GI SE = 0.453 0.035) and I. foetidissima (0.465 0.035), and highest in nec ...
burmese pythons in everglades.full
... decreases of 98.9% and 87.5% for opossum and bobcat observations, respectively, and failed to detect rabbits. Road surveys also revealed that these species are more common in areas where pythons have been discovered only recently and are most abundant outside the python’s current introduced range. T ...
... decreases of 98.9% and 87.5% for opossum and bobcat observations, respectively, and failed to detect rabbits. Road surveys also revealed that these species are more common in areas where pythons have been discovered only recently and are most abundant outside the python’s current introduced range. T ...
Hair-trigger autotomy in porcelain crabs is a highly effective escape
... whether they were appropriate predators. All except the blackclawed crabs were subsequently used in predation trials. The black-clawed crabs were released back to the field site where they had been collected about 2 weeks after collection; the other predators were released within days of the end of ...
... whether they were appropriate predators. All except the blackclawed crabs were subsequently used in predation trials. The black-clawed crabs were released back to the field site where they had been collected about 2 weeks after collection; the other predators were released within days of the end of ...
Nest Predation Processes and Farmland Birds
... It is generally expected that predators affect the breeding biology of prey species, but most studies have had a prey-biased view of the predator-prey relationship. Without studying the predator, one may draw erroneous conclusions of how predators and prey interact and conservation strategies for pr ...
... It is generally expected that predators affect the breeding biology of prey species, but most studies have had a prey-biased view of the predator-prey relationship. Without studying the predator, one may draw erroneous conclusions of how predators and prey interact and conservation strategies for pr ...
and high-diversity planktonic food webs
... derived from mass-balanced carbon flow diagrams with a lower taxonomic resolution (Gaedke and Straile, 1994). No predator–prey weight ratios were computed for Lakes 117 and Müggelsee because no suitable data on the quantity of carbon fluxes were available. We included only lakes into our study for ...
... derived from mass-balanced carbon flow diagrams with a lower taxonomic resolution (Gaedke and Straile, 1994). No predator–prey weight ratios were computed for Lakes 117 and Müggelsee because no suitable data on the quantity of carbon fluxes were available. We included only lakes into our study for ...
EC ANNEX I
... The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displayin ...
... The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displayin ...
6156_Van_der_Putten_et_al_FER1_14jan2016_final
... realistic field settings PSFs could interact with other factors that are known to shape plant community ...
... realistic field settings PSFs could interact with other factors that are known to shape plant community ...
APPENDIX B-2A Duchess Paradise Project
... Marine/estuarine species that spends its first three–four years in freshwater growing to about half its adult size (4 m+). In northern Australia, this species appears to be confined to freshwater drainages and the upper reaches of estuaries, occasionally being found as far as 400 km from the sea ...
... Marine/estuarine species that spends its first three–four years in freshwater growing to about half its adult size (4 m+). In northern Australia, this species appears to be confined to freshwater drainages and the upper reaches of estuaries, occasionally being found as far as 400 km from the sea ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.