Common sense in fisheries management: the ecosystem
... require that all impacts of fisheries on marine ecosystems should be assessed and managed while taking into consideration the social, economic and governance aspects. This entails the adoption of a true “systemic” approach to fisheries management that considers fisheries as socio-ecological systems ...
... require that all impacts of fisheries on marine ecosystems should be assessed and managed while taking into consideration the social, economic and governance aspects. This entails the adoption of a true “systemic” approach to fisheries management that considers fisheries as socio-ecological systems ...
The purpose of this chapter is to focus on growing stands of trees
... sustainable forestry defined as the management of dynamic forest ecosystems to provide ecological, economic, social, and cultural benefits for present and future generations. The silvicultural principles discussed in this guide assume that landowners are committed to sustainable forestry. Site capab ...
... sustainable forestry defined as the management of dynamic forest ecosystems to provide ecological, economic, social, and cultural benefits for present and future generations. The silvicultural principles discussed in this guide assume that landowners are committed to sustainable forestry. Site capab ...
Experimental Manipulation of Grassland Plant Diversity Induces
... records from the two sampling methods were separately standardized by separating plot-level abundance for each species per sampling techniques and dividing these values by the maximum value obtained with the respective technique for any single species in any plot. That is all values obtained by the ...
... records from the two sampling methods were separately standardized by separating plot-level abundance for each species per sampling techniques and dividing these values by the maximum value obtained with the respective technique for any single species in any plot. That is all values obtained by the ...
Edge Effects on Ranging and Foraging Behaviour of L`hoest`s Monkey
... forest microhabitats of Bwindi and assessing how the ranging and foraging behaviour of l’hoest’s monkeys was influenced by the vegetation. To examine differences in the abundance of terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV), four1m2 quadrats were established at every 90o from the north of each circul ...
... forest microhabitats of Bwindi and assessing how the ranging and foraging behaviour of l’hoest’s monkeys was influenced by the vegetation. To examine differences in the abundance of terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV), four1m2 quadrats were established at every 90o from the north of each circul ...
Ecological processes responsible for species co
... Interspecific competition seems to be widespread throughout the genus. Much of the interest in interactions between species within the Plethodon genus began with work by Highton (1962, 1972), who described the distributions of terrestrial salamanders in the eastern United States. These studies show ...
... Interspecific competition seems to be widespread throughout the genus. Much of the interest in interactions between species within the Plethodon genus began with work by Highton (1962, 1972), who described the distributions of terrestrial salamanders in the eastern United States. These studies show ...
Flood pulse effects on multispeciesfishery yields in the
... the model structure focused on flood pulse effects on increasing or decreasing fish biomass available for harvesting. In doing this, it was assumed that interannual variation in catchability rates is on average null, an assumption that probably holds given the presence of intense high and low water ...
... the model structure focused on flood pulse effects on increasing or decreasing fish biomass available for harvesting. In doing this, it was assumed that interannual variation in catchability rates is on average null, an assumption that probably holds given the presence of intense high and low water ...
Mitochondrial DNA Evolution at a Turtle`s Pace: Evidence for Low
... fixed in populations north of Cape Canaveral, and the other was essentially fixed in samples to the south and through the Gulf of Mexico. This geographic pattern is remarkably concordant with significant mtDNA phylogenetic partitions within five other species in the region (fig. 2; see review in Avi ...
... fixed in populations north of Cape Canaveral, and the other was essentially fixed in samples to the south and through the Gulf of Mexico. This geographic pattern is remarkably concordant with significant mtDNA phylogenetic partitions within five other species in the region (fig. 2; see review in Avi ...
Sponge Systematics by Starfish: Predators
... and (4) population-size-dependent vulnerability to extinction depend on knowing how many species are present, which individuals fall into which species, and how large the populations of each species are. Predictions about shifts in distribution patterns or losses of biodiversity that result from cha ...
... and (4) population-size-dependent vulnerability to extinction depend on knowing how many species are present, which individuals fall into which species, and how large the populations of each species are. Predictions about shifts in distribution patterns or losses of biodiversity that result from cha ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... a result of native species extinctions, but at regional and local scales species diversity has often increased because the establishment of nonnative species can outpace the loss of native species. Species gains are also frequently the result of the widespread invasion of ubiquitous nonnative specie ...
... a result of native species extinctions, but at regional and local scales species diversity has often increased because the establishment of nonnative species can outpace the loss of native species. Species gains are also frequently the result of the widespread invasion of ubiquitous nonnative specie ...
Darwin`s Solution to the Species Problem.
... lineages called ‘species’ are the result of natural selection. At the same time he did not have to undertake the impractical task of telling biologists to stop using the word ‘species.’ Not surprisingly, some biologists reject Darwin’s skepticism concerning the species category. A prominent respons ...
... lineages called ‘species’ are the result of natural selection. At the same time he did not have to undertake the impractical task of telling biologists to stop using the word ‘species.’ Not surprisingly, some biologists reject Darwin’s skepticism concerning the species category. A prominent respons ...
Effects of some natural and artificial substrata on sessile marine
... are done on a single shore. Rock type is usually similar within a shore (e.g.Caffey 1982, McGuinness & Underwood 1986),so questions about its influence may never arise. Among exceptions is the study of McGuinness & Underwood (1986) of organisms on intertidal boulders on 2 shores, also on the coast o ...
... are done on a single shore. Rock type is usually similar within a shore (e.g.Caffey 1982, McGuinness & Underwood 1986),so questions about its influence may never arise. Among exceptions is the study of McGuinness & Underwood (1986) of organisms on intertidal boulders on 2 shores, also on the coast o ...
PETITION TO LIST THE ACUNA CACTUS
... cactus does not occur in the area, but failed to indicate they had surveyed for the species. Given that impacts are proposed for other rare plants, if the acuna cactus does still occur in the area it likely will be impacted as well, particularly since the agency is unaware of its presence. The plant ...
... cactus does not occur in the area, but failed to indicate they had surveyed for the species. Given that impacts are proposed for other rare plants, if the acuna cactus does still occur in the area it likely will be impacted as well, particularly since the agency is unaware of its presence. The plant ...
Sexual Dimorphism in Bite Performance Drives Morphological
... that drive adaptive divergence and, ultimately, speciation. Because habitat structure can affect an animal’s foraging behaviour, anti-predator defences, and communication behaviour, it can influence both natural and sexual selection pressures. These selective pressures, in turn, act upon morphologic ...
... that drive adaptive divergence and, ultimately, speciation. Because habitat structure can affect an animal’s foraging behaviour, anti-predator defences, and communication behaviour, it can influence both natural and sexual selection pressures. These selective pressures, in turn, act upon morphologic ...
The consumption of commercially valuable fish by pinnipeds in
... Knowledge about species interactions is important for the current shift in fisheries management from single-species focus towards ecosystem-based approaches. Ecosystem or multi-species approach to management attempts to view a single species as part of an ecosystem, rather than a separate entity. An ...
... Knowledge about species interactions is important for the current shift in fisheries management from single-species focus towards ecosystem-based approaches. Ecosystem or multi-species approach to management attempts to view a single species as part of an ecosystem, rather than a separate entity. An ...
BENTHIC FEEDING GUILDS AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
... follow Root (1967) and restrict the usage to taxon-guilds, or members of the same higher taxon which utilize resources in similar ways. Fauchald & Jumars’ Polychaete Guilds The concept was first applied to polychaetes by Jumars & Fauchald in 1977 and in expanded form in their 1979 magnum opus on pol ...
... follow Root (1967) and restrict the usage to taxon-guilds, or members of the same higher taxon which utilize resources in similar ways. Fauchald & Jumars’ Polychaete Guilds The concept was first applied to polychaetes by Jumars & Fauchald in 1977 and in expanded form in their 1979 magnum opus on pol ...
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... humans. An understanding of predator-prey relationships under natural conditions is necessary before we can understand systems that have been affected by humans. Descriptions of the 4 models were provided by Ballard and Van Ballenberghe (1997), but as yet no model has been identified which explains ...
... humans. An understanding of predator-prey relationships under natural conditions is necessary before we can understand systems that have been affected by humans. Descriptions of the 4 models were provided by Ballard and Van Ballenberghe (1997), but as yet no model has been identified which explains ...
Small mammals feeding on hypogeous fungi
... through an animal’s digestive system with no changes in their structure and stay viable after leaving it (Cork & Kenagy 1989, Claridge & Lindenmayer 1998, Claridge et al. 1999, Trappe et al. 2009). While inside the alimentary canal, spores are subject to heat and chemical treatment, of which both ca ...
... through an animal’s digestive system with no changes in their structure and stay viable after leaving it (Cork & Kenagy 1989, Claridge & Lindenmayer 1998, Claridge et al. 1999, Trappe et al. 2009). While inside the alimentary canal, spores are subject to heat and chemical treatment, of which both ca ...
Prescription for Great Lakes Ecosystem Protection and Restoration
... Historically, these and other symptoms were attributed to six major anthropogenic or humaninduced sources of stress to the ecosystems in each lake.5 The symptoms may appear stepwise like a chain reaction or self-organize in a complex, ecologically degraded manner. Listed in no particular order are ...
... Historically, these and other symptoms were attributed to six major anthropogenic or humaninduced sources of stress to the ecosystems in each lake.5 The symptoms may appear stepwise like a chain reaction or self-organize in a complex, ecologically degraded manner. Listed in no particular order are ...
MARELAC ` BOTANY` 3
... - soil formation by trapping debris (aerial roots!! + filamentous algae); - filter land run-off -> removing terrestrial organic matter; - habitats for many faunal species (nursery function!); - producers of detritus -> offshore productivity. • Mangrove loss: soil reclamation for aquaculture (shrimps ...
... - soil formation by trapping debris (aerial roots!! + filamentous algae); - filter land run-off -> removing terrestrial organic matter; - habitats for many faunal species (nursery function!); - producers of detritus -> offshore productivity. • Mangrove loss: soil reclamation for aquaculture (shrimps ...
Patterns in body mass distributions: sifting among alternative
... mass distribution of South American mammals or if the observed body mass distribution of South American mammals is a consequence of the invasion, it is clear that body mass distributions are made of different faunal stocks with different macro-evolutionary histories. For fossil North American mammal ...
... mass distribution of South American mammals or if the observed body mass distribution of South American mammals is a consequence of the invasion, it is clear that body mass distributions are made of different faunal stocks with different macro-evolutionary histories. For fossil North American mammal ...
BAILS et al 2005 Prescription for Great Lakes Ecosystem Protection and Restoration
... Historically, these and other symptoms were attributed to six major anthropogenic or humaninduced sources of stress to the ecosystems in each lake.5 The symptoms may appear stepwise like a chain reaction or self-organize in a complex, ecologically degraded manner. Listed in no particular order are ...
... Historically, these and other symptoms were attributed to six major anthropogenic or humaninduced sources of stress to the ecosystems in each lake.5 The symptoms may appear stepwise like a chain reaction or self-organize in a complex, ecologically degraded manner. Listed in no particular order are ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.