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... 5 genetic loci (labeled loci A–E), drawing the values of truepositive detection rates (p11, i ) for each locus i at random from five different beta distributions (p11 stands for the probability of a species being detected—1, as opposed to 0, which would signify non-detection or absence—given that it ...
... 5 genetic loci (labeled loci A–E), drawing the values of truepositive detection rates (p11, i ) for each locus i at random from five different beta distributions (p11 stands for the probability of a species being detected—1, as opposed to 0, which would signify non-detection or absence—given that it ...
Ward et al. - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... includes explicit complexation with an organic ligand, scavenging by particles, and representation of aeolian and sedimentary sources (Dutkiewicz et al. 2012). Complex ecosystem models often require a large number of uncertain empirical parameters to describe the interactions between state variables ...
... includes explicit complexation with an organic ligand, scavenging by particles, and representation of aeolian and sedimentary sources (Dutkiewicz et al. 2012). Complex ecosystem models often require a large number of uncertain empirical parameters to describe the interactions between state variables ...
Curriculum Vitae Elizabeth A. Lynch Employment 2005
... Range, Wyoming. Ecology 79:1320-1338. Lynch, E.A. 1996. The ability of pollen data from small lakes and ponds to sense fine-scale vegetation patterns in the subalpine zone of the central Rocky Mountains. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 94:197-210. Campbell, D.R., N.M. Waser, M.V. Price, E.A. Ly ...
... Range, Wyoming. Ecology 79:1320-1338. Lynch, E.A. 1996. The ability of pollen data from small lakes and ponds to sense fine-scale vegetation patterns in the subalpine zone of the central Rocky Mountains. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 94:197-210. Campbell, D.R., N.M. Waser, M.V. Price, E.A. Ly ...
Montastrea cavernosa (Great Star Coral)
... existing corallites. The polyps deposit calcium carbonate below them thus building on the current structure and forming the large boulder shape the species is known for. Zooxanthellae are not present in coral eggs thus indicating that algal symbionts are acquired either after settlement or during th ...
... existing corallites. The polyps deposit calcium carbonate below them thus building on the current structure and forming the large boulder shape the species is known for. Zooxanthellae are not present in coral eggs thus indicating that algal symbionts are acquired either after settlement or during th ...
THE ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE
... The concept of the ecological niche provides the foundation for understanding the distribution and abundance of organisms in their natural environments. Given its central importance in ecology and evolutionary biology, it is not surprising that the niche concept has been the source of a great deal o ...
... The concept of the ecological niche provides the foundation for understanding the distribution and abundance of organisms in their natural environments. Given its central importance in ecology and evolutionary biology, it is not surprising that the niche concept has been the source of a great deal o ...
Comparing the genetic population structure of two species of arctic
... explained by the considerable deviation from HardyWeinberg genotype proportions in this small sample. Five mtDNA CR haplotypes were found among the 50 brown lemmings analysed (Table 3). Most haplotypes differed from their closest neighbour by one base pair change, and provided thus little phylogenet ...
... explained by the considerable deviation from HardyWeinberg genotype proportions in this small sample. Five mtDNA CR haplotypes were found among the 50 brown lemmings analysed (Table 3). Most haplotypes differed from their closest neighbour by one base pair change, and provided thus little phylogenet ...
Ecological speciation - Nosil Lab of Evolutionary Biology
... which its contribution is fundamental. Consistent with its recent usage (Schluter 2000, 2001), we define Ôecological speciationÕ as the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent selection. Selection is ecological when it arises as a ...
... which its contribution is fundamental. Consistent with its recent usage (Schluter 2000, 2001), we define Ôecological speciationÕ as the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent selection. Selection is ecological when it arises as a ...
Differential Avoidance of Coral Snake Banded Patterns by Free
... Received December 30, 199 1. Accepted June 24, 1992. ...
... Received December 30, 199 1. Accepted June 24, 1992. ...
Full Text - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... unable to sustain all functions at even a 1% threshold, indicated by the intercepts of the fitted lines from a GLMM failing to reach the value of 12 (Fig. 2a). This trend suggests that there were tradeoffs among many functions in species monocultures. The same model predicted that the most diverse mi ...
... unable to sustain all functions at even a 1% threshold, indicated by the intercepts of the fitted lines from a GLMM failing to reach the value of 12 (Fig. 2a). This trend suggests that there were tradeoffs among many functions in species monocultures. The same model predicted that the most diverse mi ...
Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Strategies in Tropical Grasslands: Model
... other species move in as their particular plant part is made available through the actions of the prior feeders. Succession systems increase the time that a region can support a migratory population and may thus increase the temporal availability of large herbivores in tropical grasslands relative t ...
... other species move in as their particular plant part is made available through the actions of the prior feeders. Succession systems increase the time that a region can support a migratory population and may thus increase the temporal availability of large herbivores in tropical grasslands relative t ...
establishment by invasive, naturalized, and native asters reflects
... santo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and plots were hoed to mineral soil in late July. As part of a larger study, subplots were assigned to one of three treatments: native seed addition, exotic seed addition, or control subplots where no seeds were added. Seed addition subplots received either 20 specie ...
... santo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and plots were hoed to mineral soil in late July. As part of a larger study, subplots were assigned to one of three treatments: native seed addition, exotic seed addition, or control subplots where no seeds were added. Seed addition subplots received either 20 specie ...
monitoring declines in widely distributed species
... Choosing what scale to monitor a species is a constant quandary in the field of conservation, especially if the species in question has a wide distribution. This is a problem faced by many species that have a large Area of Occurrence (AOO) but are declining, such as pelagic fish or migratory birds. ...
... Choosing what scale to monitor a species is a constant quandary in the field of conservation, especially if the species in question has a wide distribution. This is a problem faced by many species that have a large Area of Occurrence (AOO) but are declining, such as pelagic fish or migratory birds. ...
Individual Variation Decreases Interference Competition but
... and White, 1996), but more generally, interference competition is any form of interaction among consumers that inhibits foraging. Because interference is widespread among many different taxa, it may play an important role in stabilizing natural communities (DeLong and Vasseur, 2011, 2013; Skalski an ...
... and White, 1996), but more generally, interference competition is any form of interaction among consumers that inhibits foraging. Because interference is widespread among many different taxa, it may play an important role in stabilizing natural communities (DeLong and Vasseur, 2011, 2013; Skalski an ...
Landscapes and species-analyzing the ecological Gaps
... are many and are for example linked to water management and supply, atmospheric pollution, purification and storage of carbon related to climate change and many others. The stability of the ecosystems is based on the diversity of species, thus declining diversity could lead to disfunction in service ...
... are many and are for example linked to water management and supply, atmospheric pollution, purification and storage of carbon related to climate change and many others. The stability of the ecosystems is based on the diversity of species, thus declining diversity could lead to disfunction in service ...
- Cheetah Conservation Fund
... cheetahs prefer wild game and are often being blamed for other predators’ actions. I also found that most of the losses were because livestock farmers were not managing their vulnerable livestock, like small calves or goats and sheep. They would just let them loose in the bushveld. I knew it was cri ...
... cheetahs prefer wild game and are often being blamed for other predators’ actions. I also found that most of the losses were because livestock farmers were not managing their vulnerable livestock, like small calves or goats and sheep. They would just let them loose in the bushveld. I knew it was cri ...
epq essay – sharks
... considered the most dangerous to humans out of all the species of sharks. However, dangerous, carnivorous sharks such as the Great White and others alongside it such as bull (Carcharhinus leacuas) and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) sharks also play key roles in regulating marine ecosystems and without th ...
... considered the most dangerous to humans out of all the species of sharks. However, dangerous, carnivorous sharks such as the Great White and others alongside it such as bull (Carcharhinus leacuas) and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) sharks also play key roles in regulating marine ecosystems and without th ...
Ecosystem Goods and Services
... the species that are part of them, help sustain and fulfil human life. These services maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods, such as seafood, wild game, forage, timber, biomass fuels, natural fibres, and many pharmaceuticals, industrial products, and their precursors. The harve ...
... the species that are part of them, help sustain and fulfil human life. These services maintain biodiversity and the production of ecosystem goods, such as seafood, wild game, forage, timber, biomass fuels, natural fibres, and many pharmaceuticals, industrial products, and their precursors. The harve ...
Leaf ties as colonization sites for forest arthropods
... such as increased survival or decreased emigration of insects on trees with shelters. Furthermore, for those species that were observed recruiting by oviposition into existing leaf ties, the cues used to locate and/or select among oviposition sites are unknown. The approach used in this study was to ...
... such as increased survival or decreased emigration of insects on trees with shelters. Furthermore, for those species that were observed recruiting by oviposition into existing leaf ties, the cues used to locate and/or select among oviposition sites are unknown. The approach used in this study was to ...
Complete proposal, October 2006, 186KB PDF
... rate of recovery of the valuable groundfish species (Fogarty and Murawski 1998). Understanding how species interact, through competition and predation, is valuable for managers in predicting long term trends in multispecies fisheries (Tsou and Collie 2001). ...
... rate of recovery of the valuable groundfish species (Fogarty and Murawski 1998). Understanding how species interact, through competition and predation, is valuable for managers in predicting long term trends in multispecies fisheries (Tsou and Collie 2001). ...
File
... The greenhouse effect is the natural phenomenon in which certain gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, absorb heat and reflect it back onto Earth, resulting in the warming of Earth. This effect is intensified by increased concentrations of the greenhouse gases in the atmos ...
... The greenhouse effect is the natural phenomenon in which certain gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, absorb heat and reflect it back onto Earth, resulting in the warming of Earth. This effect is intensified by increased concentrations of the greenhouse gases in the atmos ...
ECOHAB Preface The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms
... The ECOHAB Research Agenda outlines research priorities that are intended to guide agencies in the efficient allocation of resources targeted to HAB issues, and to help them formulate new, multi-disciplinary HAB initiatives. The rate and extent of future progress will depend upon how the recommendat ...
... The ECOHAB Research Agenda outlines research priorities that are intended to guide agencies in the efficient allocation of resources targeted to HAB issues, and to help them formulate new, multi-disciplinary HAB initiatives. The rate and extent of future progress will depend upon how the recommendat ...
aquatic and terrestrial habitat selection by - ETH E
... We conclude that the terrestrial area requirements of amphibians depend on the productivity and spatiotemporal complexity of landscapes and that differential space use may facilitate their co-existence. The particular contribution of this study was our emphasis on behavior-based scale definitions. B ...
... We conclude that the terrestrial area requirements of amphibians depend on the productivity and spatiotemporal complexity of landscapes and that differential space use may facilitate their co-existence. The particular contribution of this study was our emphasis on behavior-based scale definitions. B ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.