Modelling the Evolution of Warning Signals and Mimicry with
... Individual-based evolutionary simulation models are used alongside mathematical approaches as tools for investigating the selective pressures responsible for the origin and maintenance of animal warning displays and mimicry. The early chapters of the thesis review the literature on evolution and coe ...
... Individual-based evolutionary simulation models are used alongside mathematical approaches as tools for investigating the selective pressures responsible for the origin and maintenance of animal warning displays and mimicry. The early chapters of the thesis review the literature on evolution and coe ...
1 Vole population dynamics: factors affecting amplitudes of
... If population growth stops about the same time ...
... If population growth stops about the same time ...
The significance of ratios of detritus types and micro
... manifestations of photosynthetic primary productivity (Moore et al. 2004), even though the majority of energy in food webs passes through detrital pathways (O’Neill & Reichle 1980; Moore et al. 2004). The effect of detritus on community attributes can be large. Detritus inputs can support higher div ...
... manifestations of photosynthetic primary productivity (Moore et al. 2004), even though the majority of energy in food webs passes through detrital pathways (O’Neill & Reichle 1980; Moore et al. 2004). The effect of detritus on community attributes can be large. Detritus inputs can support higher div ...
Behavioural aspects of conservation breeding Gallus gallus Jennie Håkansson
... program with the aim of release and today there is a wild population of more than 100 birds (Kaplan 2002, WAZA 2007). In other cases, the breeding program may not be initiated until the species is already extinct in the wild. For example, a coordinated conservation breeding program was set up with 1 ...
... program with the aim of release and today there is a wild population of more than 100 birds (Kaplan 2002, WAZA 2007). In other cases, the breeding program may not be initiated until the species is already extinct in the wild. For example, a coordinated conservation breeding program was set up with 1 ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Non
... three factors: exotic earthworms are widespread within in the United States, difficulty in earthworm identification, and another exotic earthworm risk assessment underway for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). At least 45 exo ...
... three factors: exotic earthworms are widespread within in the United States, difficulty in earthworm identification, and another exotic earthworm risk assessment underway for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). At least 45 exo ...
Abstracts - Society For Range Management
... degrading the landscape. The conversion from diverse ecosystems to ones dominated by a single species reduces habitat for wildlife and forage for livestock. In recent decades, cheatgrass dieoff occurred across relatively large expanses of this region. We defined cheatgrass dieoff as stand failure ca ...
... degrading the landscape. The conversion from diverse ecosystems to ones dominated by a single species reduces habitat for wildlife and forage for livestock. In recent decades, cheatgrass dieoff occurred across relatively large expanses of this region. We defined cheatgrass dieoff as stand failure ca ...
Recent climate-related terrestrial biodiversity
... It is now well documented that Arctic climates and ecosystems are changing at some of the fastest rates on planet Earth. These changes are significant for all Arctic biodiversity, and they are a great challenge for cooperative management boards of Canada’s Arctic national parks, those legislated to ...
... It is now well documented that Arctic climates and ecosystems are changing at some of the fastest rates on planet Earth. These changes are significant for all Arctic biodiversity, and they are a great challenge for cooperative management boards of Canada’s Arctic national parks, those legislated to ...
The understudied and underappreciated role of predation in the
... fisheries and the development of effective management and conservation plans. By far, the most commonly employed means of studying post-release mortality (PRM) is the use of artificial enclosures (tanks and pens; Cooke and Schramm 2007). Research studies evaluating mortality that include long-term m ...
... fisheries and the development of effective management and conservation plans. By far, the most commonly employed means of studying post-release mortality (PRM) is the use of artificial enclosures (tanks and pens; Cooke and Schramm 2007). Research studies evaluating mortality that include long-term m ...
Investigating a Competitive Two Species System that Produces
... In arid environments competition and facilitation are interactions through water availability. Plants can be seen as organisms that require the same resources to function; water, sunlight, carbon dioxide and nutrients. Therefore they are inherently competitive towards each other, especially when the ...
... In arid environments competition and facilitation are interactions through water availability. Plants can be seen as organisms that require the same resources to function; water, sunlight, carbon dioxide and nutrients. Therefore they are inherently competitive towards each other, especially when the ...
Volume 22
... et al. 2013), and are presumably the main reason why other species of smaller seabirds are restricted to cliffs that are inaccessible to feral cats (Groz et al. 2005). The eradication of feral cats from Corvo Island may therefore benefit the local seabird community. In this study, we estimated the d ...
... et al. 2013), and are presumably the main reason why other species of smaller seabirds are restricted to cliffs that are inaccessible to feral cats (Groz et al. 2005). The eradication of feral cats from Corvo Island may therefore benefit the local seabird community. In this study, we estimated the d ...
global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions
... Historically, Australian acacias were typically introduced for (agro)-forestry or soil stabilization, although there are several notable ornamental species and many species have a variety of uses (Kull et al., 2011). Australian acacias were mostly introduced deliberately as seed (Poynton, 2009; Grif ...
... Historically, Australian acacias were typically introduced for (agro)-forestry or soil stabilization, although there are several notable ornamental species and many species have a variety of uses (Kull et al., 2011). Australian acacias were mostly introduced deliberately as seed (Poynton, 2009; Grif ...
Cervid Ecological Framework
... heritage. They are considered by many as symbols of wilderness and are an important component of Ontario’s biodiversity. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) is responsible for the protection and management of Ontario’s cervid species. The current strategic direction for wildlife is base ...
... heritage. They are considered by many as symbols of wilderness and are an important component of Ontario’s biodiversity. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) is responsible for the protection and management of Ontario’s cervid species. The current strategic direction for wildlife is base ...
Effects of predatory ants on lower trophic levels across a gradient of
... data for each vegetation variable were divided by the highest observed values to obtain a scale from 0 to 1 and then summed. Mean values for each site were compared using anova. Values for each site are significantly different (P < 0·05). ...
... data for each vegetation variable were divided by the highest observed values to obtain a scale from 0 to 1 and then summed. Mean values for each site were compared using anova. Values for each site are significantly different (P < 0·05). ...
Benjamin Frank Moginie - VUW research archive
... that both hatch dates and growth rates influence the success of adult males, likely through proximate effects on individual phenotypes. Identifying sources of variation in individual reproductive success is crucial to our understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. In many systems ...
... that both hatch dates and growth rates influence the success of adult males, likely through proximate effects on individual phenotypes. Identifying sources of variation in individual reproductive success is crucial to our understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. In many systems ...
Taking action for The Amsterdam albatross
... Removal of these introduced animals is challenging because they exercise these complex relationships of predation and competition: the elimination of a species may in turn favor another one. If an eradication operation were to be practiced, it should involve the three species simultaneously. Altern ...
... Removal of these introduced animals is challenging because they exercise these complex relationships of predation and competition: the elimination of a species may in turn favor another one. If an eradication operation were to be practiced, it should involve the three species simultaneously. Altern ...
Horn polyphenism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus
... Several studies have investigated die determination of adult body size and size-dependent expression of horns in males in die genus Onthophagus (Emlen, 1994, 1997; Hunt and Simmons, 1997; Moczek, 1996; Moczek and Emlen, in press). Estimates of heritability of body size and horn lengdi by Emlen (1994 ...
... Several studies have investigated die determination of adult body size and size-dependent expression of horns in males in die genus Onthophagus (Emlen, 1994, 1997; Hunt and Simmons, 1997; Moczek, 1996; Moczek and Emlen, in press). Estimates of heritability of body size and horn lengdi by Emlen (1994 ...
Chap11 - Northside Middle School
... important factors in determining lower limit of rocky intertidal organisms; physical factors (desiccation) for determining upper ...
... important factors in determining lower limit of rocky intertidal organisms; physical factors (desiccation) for determining upper ...
changing competitive advantage Lethal effects of habitat
... the ability of the changed habitat to meet the inhabitant’s resource requirements [13,14]. As the services provided by a habitat change, so will the interactions between species that live within the habitat. Understanding how community processes change as the quality of the environment changes is ce ...
... the ability of the changed habitat to meet the inhabitant’s resource requirements [13,14]. As the services provided by a habitat change, so will the interactions between species that live within the habitat. Understanding how community processes change as the quality of the environment changes is ce ...
Use of wild–caught individuals as a key factor for success in
... reproduction in the wild of the species translocated). Intermediate scores meant that establishment and/or reproduction had not been permanent. The process assumes that managers have similar knowledge and backgrounds to judge program success, which we feel is a reasonable assumption given the geogra ...
... reproduction in the wild of the species translocated). Intermediate scores meant that establishment and/or reproduction had not been permanent. The process assumes that managers have similar knowledge and backgrounds to judge program success, which we feel is a reasonable assumption given the geogra ...
Ward et al. - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... includes explicit complexation with an organic ligand, scavenging by particles, and representation of aeolian and sedimentary sources (Dutkiewicz et al. 2012). Complex ecosystem models often require a large number of uncertain empirical parameters to describe the interactions between state variables ...
... includes explicit complexation with an organic ligand, scavenging by particles, and representation of aeolian and sedimentary sources (Dutkiewicz et al. 2012). Complex ecosystem models often require a large number of uncertain empirical parameters to describe the interactions between state variables ...
PDF
... 5 genetic loci (labeled loci A–E), drawing the values of truepositive detection rates (p11, i ) for each locus i at random from five different beta distributions (p11 stands for the probability of a species being detected—1, as opposed to 0, which would signify non-detection or absence—given that it ...
... 5 genetic loci (labeled loci A–E), drawing the values of truepositive detection rates (p11, i ) for each locus i at random from five different beta distributions (p11 stands for the probability of a species being detected—1, as opposed to 0, which would signify non-detection or absence—given that it ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.