View or download OIP Achatinella species Management
... has resulted in extensive trampling of habitat. In order to avoid negative impacts like this, OANRP propose to monitor these fragile sites only every three years. At sites where the habitat is not very susceptible to trampling (ex: sites along trails), OANRP have proposed annual monitoring. Tramplin ...
... has resulted in extensive trampling of habitat. In order to avoid negative impacts like this, OANRP propose to monitor these fragile sites only every three years. At sites where the habitat is not very susceptible to trampling (ex: sites along trails), OANRP have proposed annual monitoring. Tramplin ...
Garry Oak Ecosystems
... Chapter 3 Natural Processes and Disturbance boosted by inputs from nearby agricultural and urban activities. Some alien invasive species may even increase the availability of nitrogen; for instance, Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) has a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are ...
... Chapter 3 Natural Processes and Disturbance boosted by inputs from nearby agricultural and urban activities. Some alien invasive species may even increase the availability of nitrogen; for instance, Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) has a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are ...
Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes
... agroforestry systems and thereby increase well-being of smallholders. Tropical birds and bats are effective predators of arthropods and move within landscapes, representing mobile links that connect habitats in space and time. But information on the effects of birds and bats on multitrophic interact ...
... agroforestry systems and thereby increase well-being of smallholders. Tropical birds and bats are effective predators of arthropods and move within landscapes, representing mobile links that connect habitats in space and time. But information on the effects of birds and bats on multitrophic interact ...
Identifying a potential lion Panthera leo stronghold in
... Damaliscus lunatus and bushbuck Tragelaphs scripts most often. With the exception of bushbuck, these species are all readily detectable from aerial surveys. Aerial surveys underestimate the availability of small prey, such as bushbuck or warthogs, and hidden prey such as hippo Hippopotamus amphibiou ...
... Damaliscus lunatus and bushbuck Tragelaphs scripts most often. With the exception of bushbuck, these species are all readily detectable from aerial surveys. Aerial surveys underestimate the availability of small prey, such as bushbuck or warthogs, and hidden prey such as hippo Hippopotamus amphibiou ...
Biotic resistance on the increase: native predators structure invasive
... had flesh in them. This mortality did not differ between controls and exclosures. We therefore attribute this decline in zebra mussel numbers to factors other than direct predation, such as spawning fatigue, infection, parasites and high water temperatures alone or in combination, or to other, yet u ...
... had flesh in them. This mortality did not differ between controls and exclosures. We therefore attribute this decline in zebra mussel numbers to factors other than direct predation, such as spawning fatigue, infection, parasites and high water temperatures alone or in combination, or to other, yet u ...
COMMENTARY Chemical or nematocyst
... colour pattern. Nematocysts are contained in the defensive exudates and in the external part of the body of C. peregrina, which can only be regarded as circumstantial evidence that these defensive cells or the molecules that they contain represent a deterrent for predators. Of course, the article do ...
... colour pattern. Nematocysts are contained in the defensive exudates and in the external part of the body of C. peregrina, which can only be regarded as circumstantial evidence that these defensive cells or the molecules that they contain represent a deterrent for predators. Of course, the article do ...
comparative evaluation of experimental
... cause of the spatial scale of the phenomena and limited resources. Also, in heterogeneous environments, there is likely to be considerable variation among sites in many potentially influential variables. Experimenters typically cannot regulate more than a few independent variables. This lack of cont ...
... cause of the spatial scale of the phenomena and limited resources. Also, in heterogeneous environments, there is likely to be considerable variation among sites in many potentially influential variables. Experimenters typically cannot regulate more than a few independent variables. This lack of cont ...
(Galaxias fuscus) for conservation purposes
... successful production of offspring; invariably this number is lower than the estimated number of animals in the population (N). Re-introduction: The deliberate or accidental translocation of a species into the wild areas where it was indigenous in historic times but is no longer present. Release sit ...
... successful production of offspring; invariably this number is lower than the estimated number of animals in the population (N). Re-introduction: The deliberate or accidental translocation of a species into the wild areas where it was indigenous in historic times but is no longer present. Release sit ...
Invasive algae Caulerpa taxifolia
... Caulerpa taxifolia is a native alga of Hawai‘i, where it has not demonstrated any invasive tendencies. However, this common green alga has gained wide notoriety from its large outbreaks after accidental introduction in the Mediterranean and California. Due to the Mediterranean strain’s high growth r ...
... Caulerpa taxifolia is a native alga of Hawai‘i, where it has not demonstrated any invasive tendencies. However, this common green alga has gained wide notoriety from its large outbreaks after accidental introduction in the Mediterranean and California. Due to the Mediterranean strain’s high growth r ...
Impact of an exotic clam, Corbula gibba, on the commercial scallop
... ABSTRACT: Corbula gibba (Olivi, 1792) a small exotic bivalve from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been present in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, from as early as 1987. C. gibba is widespread, abundant, and possesses characteristics such as fast growth which may confer a compet ...
... ABSTRACT: Corbula gibba (Olivi, 1792) a small exotic bivalve from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been present in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, from as early as 1987. C. gibba is widespread, abundant, and possesses characteristics such as fast growth which may confer a compet ...
A review of modelling methods of indicators for the identification of
... effect of fishing on the marine ecosystem. However, the incorporation of fishing impact indicators into EBFM decision criteria is still in the developmental phase (Link et al. 2005). In a management situation, indicators are evaluated in relation to specific reference values, either targets or limit ...
... effect of fishing on the marine ecosystem. However, the incorporation of fishing impact indicators into EBFM decision criteria is still in the developmental phase (Link et al. 2005). In a management situation, indicators are evaluated in relation to specific reference values, either targets or limit ...
Biological Synopsis of the colonial tunicates
... and west coasts of Canada. Their potential for rapid growth allows them to exploit new environments, potentially displacing native species and disrupting community dynamics. In particular, their tendency to colonize floating substrates and overgrow other organisms poses a threat to the viability of ...
... and west coasts of Canada. Their potential for rapid growth allows them to exploit new environments, potentially displacing native species and disrupting community dynamics. In particular, their tendency to colonize floating substrates and overgrow other organisms poses a threat to the viability of ...
Ant Community Dynamics and the Effects of Global Warming
... Table I.1. Dominance (as measured by the Colley dominance matrix) and discovery abilities (residual of actual bait discovery versus expected bait discovery) for the twelve most common ants in the study system. Positive values for discovery ability indicate species that discovered more baits than exp ...
... Table I.1. Dominance (as measured by the Colley dominance matrix) and discovery abilities (residual of actual bait discovery versus expected bait discovery) for the twelve most common ants in the study system. Positive values for discovery ability indicate species that discovered more baits than exp ...
Combinatorial functional diversity: an information theoretical approach
... t denote the number of traits. Every trait is a nominal variable with two states, coded by 0 and 1. For example, 0 may refer to a C3 plant while 1 to a C4 plant. Thus, the assemblage is described by the trait data matrix X containing t rows and s columns such that xij is the value of trait i for spe ...
... t denote the number of traits. Every trait is a nominal variable with two states, coded by 0 and 1. For example, 0 may refer to a C3 plant while 1 to a C4 plant. Thus, the assemblage is described by the trait data matrix X containing t rows and s columns such that xij is the value of trait i for spe ...
Environmental Science
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
... Terrestrial Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems Project Objective: Students will create presentations that demonstrate and explain the abiotic and biotic conditions present in terrestrial and aquatic biomes. General Instructions: o Students may work alone or in pairs. o Design & create an informational pres ...
Slide 1
... stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
... stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
Toward an old-growth concept for grasslands, savannas, and
... suffer from an image problem among scientists, policy makers, land managers, and the general public, that fosters alarming rates of ecosystem destruction and degradation. These biomes have for too long been misrepresented as the result of deforestation followed by arrested succession. We now know th ...
... suffer from an image problem among scientists, policy makers, land managers, and the general public, that fosters alarming rates of ecosystem destruction and degradation. These biomes have for too long been misrepresented as the result of deforestation followed by arrested succession. We now know th ...
Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?
... do reduce prey numbers, they also reduce total prey biomass, which would then be detrimental to scavengers. Another important factor that neither Hebblewhite and Smith (2010) nor the authors of scavenger studies have recognized is that in most areas wolves reduce the available biomass of individual ...
... do reduce prey numbers, they also reduce total prey biomass, which would then be detrimental to scavengers. Another important factor that neither Hebblewhite and Smith (2010) nor the authors of scavenger studies have recognized is that in most areas wolves reduce the available biomass of individual ...
Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?
... do reduce prey numbers, they also reduce total prey biomass, which would then be detrimental to scavengers. Another important factor that neither Hebblewhite and Smith (2010) nor the authors of scavenger studies have recognized is that in most areas wolves reduce the available biomass of individual ...
... do reduce prey numbers, they also reduce total prey biomass, which would then be detrimental to scavengers. Another important factor that neither Hebblewhite and Smith (2010) nor the authors of scavenger studies have recognized is that in most areas wolves reduce the available biomass of individual ...
Caudal movements in western fence lizards (Sceloporus
... and unsuccessful, prey captures of 2 different flies. Tail movement durations were between 5 and 15 seconds, after which the lizard would lunge at and attempt to capture and consume the fly. During the 10-minute observation time interval, we also observed this fence lizard successfully capture and c ...
... and unsuccessful, prey captures of 2 different flies. Tail movement durations were between 5 and 15 seconds, after which the lizard would lunge at and attempt to capture and consume the fly. During the 10-minute observation time interval, we also observed this fence lizard successfully capture and c ...
Coupled Oscillations in Food Webs: Balancing Competition and
... (by changing the equality of any of the parameters), the behavior of the system tends to be quasi-periodic or quasiperiodic chaos, following qualitatively the predictions of the circle map, as has been reported for similar models elsewhere (Rinaldi et al. 1993; Vandermeer et al. 2001). Since there i ...
... (by changing the equality of any of the parameters), the behavior of the system tends to be quasi-periodic or quasiperiodic chaos, following qualitatively the predictions of the circle map, as has been reported for similar models elsewhere (Rinaldi et al. 1993; Vandermeer et al. 2001). Since there i ...
Chapter 1
... If the model generates expected solutions, use the model on the full-scale problem. If inaccuracies or potential shortcomings inherent in the model are identified, take corrective action such as: •Collection of more-accurate input data •Modification of the model ...
... If the model generates expected solutions, use the model on the full-scale problem. If inaccuracies or potential shortcomings inherent in the model are identified, take corrective action such as: •Collection of more-accurate input data •Modification of the model ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.