The Ecologist Who Threw Starfish
... often had bag lunches with two colleagues, Nelson Hairston Sr. and Lawrence Slobodkin, during which they had friendly arguments about major ideas in ecology. All three scientists were interested in the processes that control animal populations, and they debated explanations circulating at the time. ...
... often had bag lunches with two colleagues, Nelson Hairston Sr. and Lawrence Slobodkin, during which they had friendly arguments about major ideas in ecology. All three scientists were interested in the processes that control animal populations, and they debated explanations circulating at the time. ...
(Part 2) The adaptationist program
... What is adaptation? 1. Acclimatization • refers to the physiological adjustment of individual organisms to different conditions (e.g., temperature, photoperiod). NO genetic change. ...
... What is adaptation? 1. Acclimatization • refers to the physiological adjustment of individual organisms to different conditions (e.g., temperature, photoperiod). NO genetic change. ...
Effect of Degraded Ecosystem on Fish Biodiversity in the Old
... world fish food supply has outpaced global population growth, and today fish constitutes an important source of nutritious food and animal protein for much of the world’s population [1]. Fish and fisheries are the indispensable part of life and livelihood of the people of Bangladesh too since immemo ...
... world fish food supply has outpaced global population growth, and today fish constitutes an important source of nutritious food and animal protein for much of the world’s population [1]. Fish and fisheries are the indispensable part of life and livelihood of the people of Bangladesh too since immemo ...
Ecology and Evolution of Adaptive Morphological Variation in Fish
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
... abundance and size structure of prey populations, predation has commonly selected for ecological, behavioral and morphological traits in prey (Lima and Dill 1990, Harvell1990). Various morphological structures in prey organisms’ function as efficient adaptations against predation, and these morpholo ...
Behavior as a Key Component of Integrative
... to affect the fit between organism and environment. Behavior plays a key role in ecological dynamics, as it involves reciprocal interactions between organisms and other species with which they share an environment. For example, a meta-analysis found that prey behavioral responses to predators (e.g., ...
... to affect the fit between organism and environment. Behavior plays a key role in ecological dynamics, as it involves reciprocal interactions between organisms and other species with which they share an environment. For example, a meta-analysis found that prey behavioral responses to predators (e.g., ...
500 AP Exam Questions - Mr. D`s Science Page
... 25. Facts collected by making observations. 26. Controlled experiment group in which no variable is changed. Refer to the following locations for question 27-31 a) Yellowstone National Park b) Yosemite National Park c) Cuyahoga River d) Love Canal e) Lake Erie 27. Oil-polluted, caught fire in 1969. ...
... 25. Facts collected by making observations. 26. Controlled experiment group in which no variable is changed. Refer to the following locations for question 27-31 a) Yellowstone National Park b) Yosemite National Park c) Cuyahoga River d) Love Canal e) Lake Erie 27. Oil-polluted, caught fire in 1969. ...
Lessons from primary succession for restoration of severely
... Species Life Histories One important lesson from successional studies is that each species has a range of responses to the environment, depending on its life history stage (seed, seedling, juvenile, and reproductive adult) and whether the plant is colonizing, establishing, growing, or senescent (Gru ...
... Species Life Histories One important lesson from successional studies is that each species has a range of responses to the environment, depending on its life history stage (seed, seedling, juvenile, and reproductive adult) and whether the plant is colonizing, establishing, growing, or senescent (Gru ...
Allee Effects, Immigration, and the Evolution of Species
... more likely that moderate rates of immigration will facilitate, rather than hamper, the initial stages of local adaptation in unfavorable habitats. To support this suggestion, we present results from theoretical studies of adaptation in sink environments, explicitly incorporating Allee effects into ...
... more likely that moderate rates of immigration will facilitate, rather than hamper, the initial stages of local adaptation in unfavorable habitats. To support this suggestion, we present results from theoretical studies of adaptation in sink environments, explicitly incorporating Allee effects into ...
Lessons from primary succession for restoration of severely
... Species Life Histories One important lesson from successional studies is that each species has a range of responses to the environment, depending on its life history stage (seed, seedling, juvenile, and reproductive adult) and whether the plant is colonizing, establishing, growing, or senescent (Gru ...
... Species Life Histories One important lesson from successional studies is that each species has a range of responses to the environment, depending on its life history stage (seed, seedling, juvenile, and reproductive adult) and whether the plant is colonizing, establishing, growing, or senescent (Gru ...
populations
... Interspecific competition • Competitive exclusion principle: species cannot survive competition if they compete directly in many respects • In simple habitats with species needing the same resources ...
... Interspecific competition • Competitive exclusion principle: species cannot survive competition if they compete directly in many respects • In simple habitats with species needing the same resources ...
Allee Effects, Immigration, and the Evolution of Species` Niches
... more likely that moderate rates of immigration will facilitate, rather than hamper, the initial stages of local adaptation in unfavorable habitats. To support this suggestion, we present results from theoretical studies of adaptation in sink environments, explicitly incorporating Allee effects into ...
... more likely that moderate rates of immigration will facilitate, rather than hamper, the initial stages of local adaptation in unfavorable habitats. To support this suggestion, we present results from theoretical studies of adaptation in sink environments, explicitly incorporating Allee effects into ...
Interspecific Abundance-Range Size Relationships
... number of mechanisms have been proposed, embracing sampling artefacts, species attributes and population dynamics. A few explicit tests of their validity have been performed (e.g. Burgman 1989; Hanski et al. 1993), but with no clear resolution as to whether any one explanation is appropriate in all ...
... number of mechanisms have been proposed, embracing sampling artefacts, species attributes and population dynamics. A few explicit tests of their validity have been performed (e.g. Burgman 1989; Hanski et al. 1993), but with no clear resolution as to whether any one explanation is appropriate in all ...
Biodiversity: an introduction - European Commission
... 2. Competition: When a new exploitable resource becomes available, individuals within a given population may benefit from choosing to specialise on only one resource (i.e. either the new or the original resource). Speciation can arise when the offspring of parents that specialise on the same resourc ...
... 2. Competition: When a new exploitable resource becomes available, individuals within a given population may benefit from choosing to specialise on only one resource (i.e. either the new or the original resource). Speciation can arise when the offspring of parents that specialise on the same resourc ...
Competition - Mark A. Hixon
... “short supply.” What are “resources” and when are they “shared”? A resource is any consumable entity—be it food, shelter, etc.—and it is shared when targeted by more than one consumer. Importantly, just because two organisms share a resource does not necessarily mean that they compete for it (e.g., ...
... “short supply.” What are “resources” and when are they “shared”? A resource is any consumable entity—be it food, shelter, etc.—and it is shared when targeted by more than one consumer. Importantly, just because two organisms share a resource does not necessarily mean that they compete for it (e.g., ...
Linking behavioural changes to vital rates in a capital
... The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the ‘white rat of cetology’, has received large amounts of attention with regards to its behaviour in captivity, but only recently have leaps been made in understanding surface behaviour in situ. Often, behavioural studies are weakened by pre-classificati ...
... The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the ‘white rat of cetology’, has received large amounts of attention with regards to its behaviour in captivity, but only recently have leaps been made in understanding surface behaviour in situ. Often, behavioural studies are weakened by pre-classificati ...
Notes and Comments
... declines. An advantage of this definition of temporal stability is flexibility; temporal stability of nonequilibrial systems can be quantified while using wholly nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, models need not possess equilibria, nor do field studies have to assume that a community is in a state of e ...
... declines. An advantage of this definition of temporal stability is flexibility; temporal stability of nonequilibrial systems can be quantified while using wholly nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, models need not possess equilibria, nor do field studies have to assume that a community is in a state of e ...
Small Mammals: Pests or Vital Components of the Ecosystem
... Small mammal influences may be grouped as those effects on (1) vegetation, (2) soils, and (3) other animals. Vegetative influences may include effects on primary productivity, plant species composition, and decomposition rates of plant materials. Small mammals influence both physical and chemical pr ...
... Small mammal influences may be grouped as those effects on (1) vegetation, (2) soils, and (3) other animals. Vegetative influences may include effects on primary productivity, plant species composition, and decomposition rates of plant materials. Small mammals influence both physical and chemical pr ...
recent studies
... populations to culls have rarely been evaluated. There are several conclusions that can be drawn from experimental studies in terrestrial systems and more model-based approaches in aquatic systems. First, predator removal can increase productivity and population size of target prey populations, but ...
... populations to culls have rarely been evaluated. There are several conclusions that can be drawn from experimental studies in terrestrial systems and more model-based approaches in aquatic systems. First, predator removal can increase productivity and population size of target prey populations, but ...
Plant–pollinator interactions and the assembly of plant
... studies indicate that shifting or declining pollinator populations can negatively impact plant species reproduction and persistence [14], but local scale studies that isolate cause and effect are still needed. Species in the genus Ficus, which have evolved extremely specialized relationships with po ...
... studies indicate that shifting or declining pollinator populations can negatively impact plant species reproduction and persistence [14], but local scale studies that isolate cause and effect are still needed. Species in the genus Ficus, which have evolved extremely specialized relationships with po ...
SPOTTED HYAENA SURVIVAL AND DENSITY IN A LION
... Competition is considered an important factor for large carnivore population dynamics, but the manner in which interspecific competition impacts these species are not well understood. This lack of knowledge is due to the ongoing declines of large carnivores, the loss of intact large carnivore gui ...
... Competition is considered an important factor for large carnivore population dynamics, but the manner in which interspecific competition impacts these species are not well understood. This lack of knowledge is due to the ongoing declines of large carnivores, the loss of intact large carnivore gui ...
Hybridization and Conservation
... - now occurs in only one river basin due to predation and loss of breeding habitat. The pied stilt - self-introduced from Australia to the South Island in the early 1800s - spread to the North Island in the 1900s ...
... - now occurs in only one river basin due to predation and loss of breeding habitat. The pied stilt - self-introduced from Australia to the South Island in the early 1800s - spread to the North Island in the 1900s ...
Biodiversity, ecosystem thresholds, resilience and forest degradation
... expected to be of mixed species but is instead dominated by only a few species, or if it should be a closed canopy forest but is actually open or savannah, then the state has changed. These would be considered negative changes in state, as they degrade the forest, from a biodiversity perspective and ...
... expected to be of mixed species but is instead dominated by only a few species, or if it should be a closed canopy forest but is actually open or savannah, then the state has changed. These would be considered negative changes in state, as they degrade the forest, from a biodiversity perspective and ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.