5-2 Limits to Growth
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
A-level Biology Question Paper Unit 04
... Scientists investigated the effects of temperature and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in creeping azalea. They investigated the effect of temperature on the net rate of photosynthesis at three different light intensities. They also investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of ...
... Scientists investigated the effects of temperature and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in creeping azalea. They investigated the effect of temperature on the net rate of photosynthesis at three different light intensities. They also investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of ...
Effects of population-level aggregation
... turnover events where one species replaces another in the community between samples (Brown et al., 2001; Carey et al., 2007). The species–time relationship has received increasing support as a fundamental ecological pattern that provides a useful approach to understanding the dynamics of species com ...
... turnover events where one species replaces another in the community between samples (Brown et al., 2001; Carey et al., 2007). The species–time relationship has received increasing support as a fundamental ecological pattern that provides a useful approach to understanding the dynamics of species com ...
BIOL4 - The Student Room
... Scientists investigated the effects of temperature and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in creeping azalea. They investigated the effect of temperature on the net rate of photosynthesis at three different light intensities. They also investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of ...
... Scientists investigated the effects of temperature and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in creeping azalea. They investigated the effect of temperature on the net rate of photosynthesis at three different light intensities. They also investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of ...
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASES IN NATURAL
... Pathogens can affect host population dynamics through direct effects on the survival, growth, and fecundity of individual plants. Examples in agricultural systems pervade the literature, and although documentation of direct effects outside of crop plants is rarer, a wide range of pathogen types clea ...
... Pathogens can affect host population dynamics through direct effects on the survival, growth, and fecundity of individual plants. Examples in agricultural systems pervade the literature, and although documentation of direct effects outside of crop plants is rarer, a wide range of pathogen types clea ...
Pennings Functional groups revisited
... 2) Natural groupings • Natural groupings can be identified by “obvious differences”, tree-based methods, or correlation-based methods. • It is reasonable to expect traits to correlate with each other if there are trade-offs. • It is reasonable to expect traits to fall into discrete groups if only s ...
... 2) Natural groupings • Natural groupings can be identified by “obvious differences”, tree-based methods, or correlation-based methods. • It is reasonable to expect traits to correlate with each other if there are trade-offs. • It is reasonable to expect traits to fall into discrete groups if only s ...
Introduction to fish population dynamics and stock assessment
... mortality, sexual maturity and reproduction, stock boundaries, diet preferences, habitat characteristics, species interactions, and environmental factors that may affect the species Assessment reports also include descriptions of the fishery for a species, using information from both scientists and ...
... mortality, sexual maturity and reproduction, stock boundaries, diet preferences, habitat characteristics, species interactions, and environmental factors that may affect the species Assessment reports also include descriptions of the fishery for a species, using information from both scientists and ...
Natural Grasslands on Alluvial Plains Fact Sheet
... All part of a community Ecological communities are groups of plants, animals and other organisms that naturally occur together. The structure and composition are determined by environmental factors such as climate, landscape position, soil, aspect and altitude. While a particular ecological communit ...
... All part of a community Ecological communities are groups of plants, animals and other organisms that naturally occur together. The structure and composition are determined by environmental factors such as climate, landscape position, soil, aspect and altitude. While a particular ecological communit ...
Scavenger Hunt - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
... only be used once although different individuals of that same species can be used as appropriate. Humans are acceptable for one category only. You may use internet-based images for no more than 5 of these items. LOCAL ORGANISMS: PROGRESSIVE POINT VALUES (maximum of 5 sets) The first organism in each ...
... only be used once although different individuals of that same species can be used as appropriate. Humans are acceptable for one category only. You may use internet-based images for no more than 5 of these items. LOCAL ORGANISMS: PROGRESSIVE POINT VALUES (maximum of 5 sets) The first organism in each ...
Conservation Ecology: The Relations Among Threatened Species
... and certain selected species, as well as protection of other species during critical stages of their life history. Taboos related to the natural environment initially may not have been intended for nature conservation. For example, species may be avoided because of their behavioral patterns and morp ...
... and certain selected species, as well as protection of other species during critical stages of their life history. Taboos related to the natural environment initially may not have been intended for nature conservation. For example, species may be avoided because of their behavioral patterns and morp ...
Soil detritivore macro-invertebrate assemblages throughout a
... and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore invertebrates in forest ecosystems were description of species compo ...
... and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore invertebrates in forest ecosystems were description of species compo ...
Landscape Issues for Wildlife
... Schmiegelow, FKA and SJ Hannon. 1999. Forest-level effectgs of management on boreal songbirds: the calling lake fragmentation studies. Pp: 201-221. In: Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications (J. A. Rochelle, L. A. Lehmann, and J. Wisniewski eds.). Brill Academic Publishing, Leide ...
... Schmiegelow, FKA and SJ Hannon. 1999. Forest-level effectgs of management on boreal songbirds: the calling lake fragmentation studies. Pp: 201-221. In: Forest Fragmentation: Wildlife and Management Implications (J. A. Rochelle, L. A. Lehmann, and J. Wisniewski eds.). Brill Academic Publishing, Leide ...
An Optimization Model that Links Masting to Seed Herbivory
... with periods of 2 years or 3 years based on geography. Any theory of masting must account for periodic reproduction with conditional period length. ...
... with periods of 2 years or 3 years based on geography. Any theory of masting must account for periodic reproduction with conditional period length. ...
Cohort Dynamics Give Rise to Alternative Stable Community States.
... species, reproduction takes place during a discrete time period in the beginning of the growing season (e.g., Rajasilta et al. 1993), assuming that spawning intensity is a hump-shaped function with a maximum in the middle of the spawning period (table A2, eq. [A21]). All energy for spawning is assum ...
... species, reproduction takes place during a discrete time period in the beginning of the growing season (e.g., Rajasilta et al. 1993), assuming that spawning intensity is a hump-shaped function with a maximum in the middle of the spawning period (table A2, eq. [A21]). All energy for spawning is assum ...
Logistic Growth
... independent variable t. On the right hand side, there is a function that may depend on both x and t. The independent variable t often represents time. In contrast to discrete time equations of the form xt 1 f ( xt ) , where time t is discrete ( t 1, 2,... ), the independent variable t in Equati ...
... independent variable t. On the right hand side, there is a function that may depend on both x and t. The independent variable t often represents time. In contrast to discrete time equations of the form xt 1 f ( xt ) , where time t is discrete ( t 1, 2,... ), the independent variable t in Equati ...
Niche diversification of sessile organisms at Hopkins Marine Station
... Read your sentences out loud to yourself (you’ll only look a little crazy) to make sure that they flow naturally and are not broken into too many unnecessary clauses; if they don’t flow naturally try reordering the clauses/ ideas. Try varying sentence length for a mixture of longer sentences tha ...
... Read your sentences out loud to yourself (you’ll only look a little crazy) to make sure that they flow naturally and are not broken into too many unnecessary clauses; if they don’t flow naturally try reordering the clauses/ ideas. Try varying sentence length for a mixture of longer sentences tha ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... requirements), as they are not directly involved in the trophic interactions and food web dynamics. They should nonetheless be kept in mind, as they influence the co-distribution of predators and preys over environmental gradients and consequently the occurrence of an interaction [50], they could co ...
... requirements), as they are not directly involved in the trophic interactions and food web dynamics. They should nonetheless be kept in mind, as they influence the co-distribution of predators and preys over environmental gradients and consequently the occurrence of an interaction [50], they could co ...
Primary Production in Ecosystems
... An exception to the Rule: Deep-Ocean Ecosystems Bacteria use the hydrogen sulfide present in hot water that escapes from cracks in the ocean floor to produce their own food. These bacteria are eaten by the other underwater organisms, thus supporting a thriving ecosystem in darkness. ...
... An exception to the Rule: Deep-Ocean Ecosystems Bacteria use the hydrogen sulfide present in hot water that escapes from cracks in the ocean floor to produce their own food. These bacteria are eaten by the other underwater organisms, thus supporting a thriving ecosystem in darkness. ...
The meaning of functional trait composition of food webs for
... requirements), as they are not directly involved in the trophic interactions and food web dynamics. They should nonetheless be kept in mind, as they influence the co-distribution of predators and preys over environmental gradients and consequently the occurrence of an interaction [50], they could co ...
... requirements), as they are not directly involved in the trophic interactions and food web dynamics. They should nonetheless be kept in mind, as they influence the co-distribution of predators and preys over environmental gradients and consequently the occurrence of an interaction [50], they could co ...
Herding humans: How people are like guppies
... maladaptive at the level of the society, then why did it evolve in the first place? Because herding evolved to benefit individuals, not groups or societies. We’re used to thinking of social groups as fundamentally cooperative entities, but with some kinds of groups, nothing could be further from the ...
... maladaptive at the level of the society, then why did it evolve in the first place? Because herding evolved to benefit individuals, not groups or societies. We’re used to thinking of social groups as fundamentally cooperative entities, but with some kinds of groups, nothing could be further from the ...
- Wiley Online Library
... domain concept here by investigating the effects of six spider predators: sit-and-wait nursery web spiders P. mira and Pisaurina brevipes, sit-and-pursue slender crab spiders Tibellus maritimus and Tibellus oblongus and active jumping spiders P. rimator and Phidippus audax. The sit-and-pursue predat ...
... domain concept here by investigating the effects of six spider predators: sit-and-wait nursery web spiders P. mira and Pisaurina brevipes, sit-and-pursue slender crab spiders Tibellus maritimus and Tibellus oblongus and active jumping spiders P. rimator and Phidippus audax. The sit-and-pursue predat ...
Spatiotemporal Model of Barley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus
... 2 The B/CYDV Empirical System B/CYDV is one of the most economically important diseases of grain crops worldwide and infects over 100 grass species in both agricultural and natural systems (Irwin and Thresh 1990). Because it can be a devastating crop pathogen, the vast majority of the theoretical an ...
... 2 The B/CYDV Empirical System B/CYDV is one of the most economically important diseases of grain crops worldwide and infects over 100 grass species in both agricultural and natural systems (Irwin and Thresh 1990). Because it can be a devastating crop pathogen, the vast majority of the theoretical an ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.