a critique of the
... 2004, Holyoak et al. 2005), we limited our inquiry to species within the same trophic level living together sympatrically. Obviously, this statement has a very high degree of scale dependence. By ‘‘living together sympatrically’’ we mean that individuals of the species in question can reasonably be ...
... 2004, Holyoak et al. 2005), we limited our inquiry to species within the same trophic level living together sympatrically. Obviously, this statement has a very high degree of scale dependence. By ‘‘living together sympatrically’’ we mean that individuals of the species in question can reasonably be ...
www.sciencedirect.com e-mail address Contact Top 25 Team About
... Response of intertidal populations to climate: Effects of extreme events versus long term change Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Volume 400, Issue 1-2, April 2011, Pages 132-144 Wethey, D.S.; Woodin, S.A.; Hilbish, T.J.; Jones, S.J.; Lima, F.P.; Brannock, P.M. Cited by SciVerse S ...
... Response of intertidal populations to climate: Effects of extreme events versus long term change Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Volume 400, Issue 1-2, April 2011, Pages 132-144 Wethey, D.S.; Woodin, S.A.; Hilbish, T.J.; Jones, S.J.; Lima, F.P.; Brannock, P.M. Cited by SciVerse S ...
Food-web structure and ecosystem services: insights from the
... mathematical array of species interactions, with each element of the array defining the population-level impact of each consumer species on each resource species, then for each pair of species the terms describing their interaction will always be of opposite sign; consumption of the resource usually ...
... mathematical array of species interactions, with each element of the array defining the population-level impact of each consumer species on each resource species, then for each pair of species the terms describing their interaction will always be of opposite sign; consumption of the resource usually ...
Ecological niche , , Jitka Polechov amp David Storch Department of
... conditions in an environment with competing species. According to Hutchinsons formalization. For example. and the realized niche. since its population growth rate decreases to negative values in some conditions. A further problem. their interaction Figure . feeding height and nesting time. five spec ...
... conditions in an environment with competing species. According to Hutchinsons formalization. For example. and the realized niche. since its population growth rate decreases to negative values in some conditions. A further problem. their interaction Figure . feeding height and nesting time. five spec ...
Morphology and Niche Partitioning of Fish Assemblage in the Tonle
... demonstrated that piscivores and insectivores in lentic habitats have compressed bodies and well developed anal fins. Diversity in morphology, hence, correlates to the adaptations of species as a result saturated habitats to utilize different resources. The concept of niche partitioning illustrates ...
... demonstrated that piscivores and insectivores in lentic habitats have compressed bodies and well developed anal fins. Diversity in morphology, hence, correlates to the adaptations of species as a result saturated habitats to utilize different resources. The concept of niche partitioning illustrates ...
COSTELLO, J. H., AND S. P. COLIN Prey resource utilization by
... and in the net tows. x 2 and C values were calculated for each prey taxa of interest. Values of C range from 1.0 to 21.0, with values of 0.0 indicating no selection. Positive C values represent disproportionately high occurrence of a prey type in a predator’s diet, whereas negative values indicate d ...
... and in the net tows. x 2 and C values were calculated for each prey taxa of interest. Values of C range from 1.0 to 21.0, with values of 0.0 indicating no selection. Positive C values represent disproportionately high occurrence of a prey type in a predator’s diet, whereas negative values indicate d ...
Ecosystem Impact of the Decline of Large Whales in the North Pacific
... trophic impact of the historical removal of large whales from the North Pacific pelagic ecosystem. ...
... trophic impact of the historical removal of large whales from the North Pacific pelagic ecosystem. ...
biod10
... evolution, and ecosystems are all tied together. If a contiguous gradient is preserved in a series of fragments will the fragments still function the way they used to? “Maintain evolutionary and ecological processes.” The first two statements are counter to this one, and it is hard to maintain what ...
... evolution, and ecosystems are all tied together. If a contiguous gradient is preserved in a series of fragments will the fragments still function the way they used to? “Maintain evolutionary and ecological processes.” The first two statements are counter to this one, and it is hard to maintain what ...
Using Natural Range of Variation to Set Decision Thresholds: A
... ecosystem that evolved with these grazers. Dynamic simulation models that incorporate the effects of disturbances and stochastic fluctuations (as in weather) have been used to estimate the NRV of net ecosystem production, fire, and landscape dynamics, for example (Baker 1992; Sierra et al. 2007; Doy ...
... ecosystem that evolved with these grazers. Dynamic simulation models that incorporate the effects of disturbances and stochastic fluctuations (as in weather) have been used to estimate the NRV of net ecosystem production, fire, and landscape dynamics, for example (Baker 1992; Sierra et al. 2007; Doy ...
Temporal stability of European rocky shore assemblages
... towards higher latitudes (Vermeij 1978, Connolly et al. 2001, Bertness and Ewanchuk 2002, Sanford et al. 2003, Pennings and Silliman 2005, Coleman et al. 2006), Campbell et al. (2011) have suggested that a weakening of the relationship between diversity and stability towards higher latitudes might b ...
... towards higher latitudes (Vermeij 1978, Connolly et al. 2001, Bertness and Ewanchuk 2002, Sanford et al. 2003, Pennings and Silliman 2005, Coleman et al. 2006), Campbell et al. (2011) have suggested that a weakening of the relationship between diversity and stability towards higher latitudes might b ...
Temporal variability of forest communities: empirical estimates of
... changes (Ni,t+1 Nit)2 with initial abundance (Nit) and compared it to theoretical predictions. To make theoretical predictions, we used models of population change incorporating demographic variance and environmental variance. Demographic variance Theory predicts that if demographic variance is th ...
... changes (Ni,t+1 Nit)2 with initial abundance (Nit) and compared it to theoretical predictions. To make theoretical predictions, we used models of population change incorporating demographic variance and environmental variance. Demographic variance Theory predicts that if demographic variance is th ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna - Research
... 10. Urge the development of new funding mechanisms to transfer the current benefits accrued through the existence values of megafauna into tangible payments to support research, conservation actions, and local people who bear the cost of living with wildlife in the places where highly valued megafa ...
... 10. Urge the development of new funding mechanisms to transfer the current benefits accrued through the existence values of megafauna into tangible payments to support research, conservation actions, and local people who bear the cost of living with wildlife in the places where highly valued megafa ...
Terrestrial Ecology Week 2 quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice
... The anhingas, bobcats, and alligators would probably be fewer in number than other species, since they are secondary or tertiary consumers and much of the ecosystem’s energy has been lost by the time it reaches them. 3. ANS: One percent of the original energy of the plants will be available to the a ...
... The anhingas, bobcats, and alligators would probably be fewer in number than other species, since they are secondary or tertiary consumers and much of the ecosystem’s energy has been lost by the time it reaches them. 3. ANS: One percent of the original energy of the plants will be available to the a ...
GARRY OAK ECOSYSTEMS RECOVERY TEAM
... flower production and bulb division. The number of offset bulbs increased over time, and many of the offsets also produced flowers. Furthermore, the bulbs substantially increased in size and became heavier over time. Results from the field study revealed that the study sites in shallow-soil ecosyste ...
... flower production and bulb division. The number of offset bulbs increased over time, and many of the offsets also produced flowers. Furthermore, the bulbs substantially increased in size and became heavier over time. Results from the field study revealed that the study sites in shallow-soil ecosyste ...
PLASTICITY IN LIFE
... referred to as the reaction norm of the genotype to this specific set of environments (128). The reaction norm is determined by rearing randomly split clones (preferably) or families in several environments. There has been some debate regarding whether reaction norms can be selected for per se or wh ...
... referred to as the reaction norm of the genotype to this specific set of environments (128). The reaction norm is determined by rearing randomly split clones (preferably) or families in several environments. There has been some debate regarding whether reaction norms can be selected for per se or wh ...
APPENDIX D: Specialist reports - Sazi Environmental Consulting
... continued until few to no new species were encountered. Any additional information on any other feature thought to have ecological significance within the site, such as fauna or evidence of fauna, soil type, altitude, erosion, rocky cover, alien/exotic/invasive plants as well as Red Data Species and ...
... continued until few to no new species were encountered. Any additional information on any other feature thought to have ecological significance within the site, such as fauna or evidence of fauna, soil type, altitude, erosion, rocky cover, alien/exotic/invasive plants as well as Red Data Species and ...
parasitism food web module
... independent of species interactions. We assume r1 >0, as population growth of basal species are often positive in the absence of their consumers, such as population growth of plants in the absence of their pollinators due to selfing or vegetative reproduction. The last term in each of Eqs. 1, 2, and ...
... independent of species interactions. We assume r1 >0, as population growth of basal species are often positive in the absence of their consumers, such as population growth of plants in the absence of their pollinators due to selfing or vegetative reproduction. The last term in each of Eqs. 1, 2, and ...
ppt - University of Colorado Boulder
... Pike, G. W. 1934. Girdling of ponderosa pine by squirrels. Journal of Forestry 32:98-99. Pretzlaw, Troy. (2006) Red Squirrels (Tamiazcuirus Hudsonicus) Feeding on Spruce Bark Beetles (Dendroctonus Rufipennis): Energetic and Ecological Implications. Journal of Mammalogy, 87, 909-914. Rusch, D.A. & Re ...
... Pike, G. W. 1934. Girdling of ponderosa pine by squirrels. Journal of Forestry 32:98-99. Pretzlaw, Troy. (2006) Red Squirrels (Tamiazcuirus Hudsonicus) Feeding on Spruce Bark Beetles (Dendroctonus Rufipennis): Energetic and Ecological Implications. Journal of Mammalogy, 87, 909-914. Rusch, D.A. & Re ...
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
Kuchta et al., 2008
... such as butterflies (Mallet and Joron 1999; Langham 2004), are not common among vertebrate species (but see Brodie and Brodie 1980; Dumbacher and Fleischer 2001; Symula et al. 2001). Using predation experiments with captive Western Scrub-Jays, we tested the hypothesis that one of the subspecies of t ...
... such as butterflies (Mallet and Joron 1999; Langham 2004), are not common among vertebrate species (but see Brodie and Brodie 1980; Dumbacher and Fleischer 2001; Symula et al. 2001). Using predation experiments with captive Western Scrub-Jays, we tested the hypothesis that one of the subspecies of t ...
document
... ecological complexes of which they are part, including the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.’ • Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things • Scientists have identified more than 2 million species. Tens of millions -- ...
... ecological complexes of which they are part, including the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.’ • Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things • Scientists have identified more than 2 million species. Tens of millions -- ...
Effects of Insularisation on Plant ... the Prairie-Forest Ecotone
... one still might choose single large refuges over archipelagos of smaller ones. Shaffer (1981, and references therein) suggests that a population must respond to four sorts of stochastic events and these set a theoretical lower bound to the viable population size (or area of residence, if one assumes ...
... one still might choose single large refuges over archipelagos of smaller ones. Shaffer (1981, and references therein) suggests that a population must respond to four sorts of stochastic events and these set a theoretical lower bound to the viable population size (or area of residence, if one assumes ...
Hawai`i: A Natural Entomological Laboratory
... radiated and shifted to occupy as many habitats as are found in all the rest of the order Odonata. Megalagrion larval habitats with associated numbers of species (in parentheses) are riffles (3); flowing streams (3); streamside pools and wet banks (2); open ponds and paddies (3); under vegetation in ...
... radiated and shifted to occupy as many habitats as are found in all the rest of the order Odonata. Megalagrion larval habitats with associated numbers of species (in parentheses) are riffles (3); flowing streams (3); streamside pools and wet banks (2); open ponds and paddies (3); under vegetation in ...
Ecosystem fragmentation drives increased diet variation in an
... analysis. Larger areas correspond to a more diverse isotopic niche, that is, a larger proportion of isotopic niche space occupied (in this case, bivariate d13C or d15N space) because of more variation among individuals. ...
... analysis. Larger areas correspond to a more diverse isotopic niche, that is, a larger proportion of isotopic niche space occupied (in this case, bivariate d13C or d15N space) because of more variation among individuals. ...
elements of reasoning - Foundation for Critical Thinking
... Goals of Ecologists: Ecologists seek to understand plants and animals as they exist in nature, with emphasis on their interrelationships, interdependence, and interactions with the environment. They work to understand all the influences that combine to produce and modify an animal or given plant, an ...
... Goals of Ecologists: Ecologists seek to understand plants and animals as they exist in nature, with emphasis on their interrelationships, interdependence, and interactions with the environment. They work to understand all the influences that combine to produce and modify an animal or given plant, an ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.