WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE – Reference Conditions and Eutrophication Impacts in Irish Rivers (2000-FS-2-M1)
... This report has been prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme (ERTDI) under the productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000–2006. It is administe ...
... This report has been prepared as part of the Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme (ERTDI) under the productive Sector Operational Programme 2000–2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000–2006. It is administe ...
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... widespread occurrence of competitive interactions between very different sorts of organisms. Without entering the labyrinthine maze of numerous types and complex taxonomy of competitive interactions (Schoener, 1983), competition on rocky shores is of three general types. Pre-emptive competition occu ...
... widespread occurrence of competitive interactions between very different sorts of organisms. Without entering the labyrinthine maze of numerous types and complex taxonomy of competitive interactions (Schoener, 1983), competition on rocky shores is of three general types. Pre-emptive competition occu ...
Review The evolutionary consequences of ecological interactions
... variation in clutch size. Many parasites manipulate the behavior of their hosts in ways that enhance parasite transmission and survival (e.g. Moore, 1984; Stamp, 1981; Lafferty, 1999), and for some parasites such behavioral manipulation is necessary to complete their life cycle. For example, Thomas ...
... variation in clutch size. Many parasites manipulate the behavior of their hosts in ways that enhance parasite transmission and survival (e.g. Moore, 1984; Stamp, 1981; Lafferty, 1999), and for some parasites such behavioral manipulation is necessary to complete their life cycle. For example, Thomas ...
QUESTION: Review
... • Frederick Clements = viewed communities as cohesive entities, with integrated parts - Its members remain associated over space and time - The community shared similar limiting factors and evolutionary histories • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiti ...
... • Frederick Clements = viewed communities as cohesive entities, with integrated parts - Its members remain associated over space and time - The community shared similar limiting factors and evolutionary histories • Henry Gleason = maintained that each species responds independently to its own limiti ...
Computational design approaches and tools for synthetic biology
... Fig. 2 The different types of models typically used in systems and synthetic biology. (A) Using ordinary differential equations to model gene transcription regulation by repressors. The model possesses two variables, m(t) and p(t). m(t) represents the concentration of mRNA obtained through transcript ...
... Fig. 2 The different types of models typically used in systems and synthetic biology. (A) Using ordinary differential equations to model gene transcription regulation by repressors. The model possesses two variables, m(t) and p(t). m(t) represents the concentration of mRNA obtained through transcript ...
51 - edl.io
... 42. The consumer group represented by the perpendicular bar labeled “Y” is known as the: a) carnivores b) decomposers c) omnivores d) keystones e) herbivores 43. Ants, Bees, Wolves, and Alligators are examples of organisms that are disproportionately important compared to their biomass in an ecosyst ...
... 42. The consumer group represented by the perpendicular bar labeled “Y” is known as the: a) carnivores b) decomposers c) omnivores d) keystones e) herbivores 43. Ants, Bees, Wolves, and Alligators are examples of organisms that are disproportionately important compared to their biomass in an ecosyst ...
Conservation and control strategies for the wolf (Canis lupus) in
... icant growth, particularly in the Western Alps [10] and Scandinavia [11,12], where respectively extensive sheep and reindeer farming were not prepared to face the return of these predators. Government action plans [13,14] must deal with wolf protection under the Bern Convention and the European Coun ...
... icant growth, particularly in the Western Alps [10] and Scandinavia [11,12], where respectively extensive sheep and reindeer farming were not prepared to face the return of these predators. Government action plans [13,14] must deal with wolf protection under the Bern Convention and the European Coun ...
Lab 10. Predator-Prey Population Size Relationships: Which Factors
... to explore the stability of the predator-prey population size relationship (see the figure to the right) between a population of wolves (the predator) and a population of sheep (the prey). In the simulation, wolves and sheep wander around the landscape at random. The wolves lose energy with each ste ...
... to explore the stability of the predator-prey population size relationship (see the figure to the right) between a population of wolves (the predator) and a population of sheep (the prey). In the simulation, wolves and sheep wander around the landscape at random. The wolves lose energy with each ste ...
The Ecological Basis of Conservation Heterogeneity, Ecosystems
... Attempting to conserve a wetland bird species without understanding the wetland's hydrologic regime would be courting failure. To say it as provocatively as possible: conservation will fail if it is the exclusive territory of biologists. Conservation ecology requires expertise from hydrology, geolog ...
... Attempting to conserve a wetland bird species without understanding the wetland's hydrologic regime would be courting failure. To say it as provocatively as possible: conservation will fail if it is the exclusive territory of biologists. Conservation ecology requires expertise from hydrology, geolog ...
autecology, geographic range, and the Holocene fossil record
... Forecasting how species will respond to climatic change requires knowledge of past community dynamics. Here we use time-series data from the small-mammal fossil records of two caves in the Great Basin of the American West to evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small ...
... Forecasting how species will respond to climatic change requires knowledge of past community dynamics. Here we use time-series data from the small-mammal fossil records of two caves in the Great Basin of the American West to evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small ...
Facilitation and competition in the high Arctic: the importance of the
... (B) both interactions cancel each other out and in (C) competition is dominant over facilitation, leading to positive effects of neighbour removal. Comparing the performance in mixed and pure stands (black vertical lines and symbols) leads to different conclusions, however. As facilitation is acting ...
... (B) both interactions cancel each other out and in (C) competition is dominant over facilitation, leading to positive effects of neighbour removal. Comparing the performance in mixed and pure stands (black vertical lines and symbols) leads to different conclusions, however. As facilitation is acting ...
Counting the books while the library burns: why conservation
... effect of feral predator control on adult survival rates in a threatened small mammal population?). The use of monitoring in this context can be broadly thought of as “learning” and generally involves using monitoring data to update or compare competing models of cause and effect. For monitoring inf ...
... effect of feral predator control on adult survival rates in a threatened small mammal population?). The use of monitoring in this context can be broadly thought of as “learning” and generally involves using monitoring data to update or compare competing models of cause and effect. For monitoring inf ...
Long-term dynamics of three benthic Ampelisca (Crustacea
... competition. Sea temperature affects reproduction processes. Pollution and competition increase individual mortality. We assumed competition for space or resources, and introduced a carrying capacity for each species in the model. The resulting effect was that if the total biomass of the community w ...
... competition. Sea temperature affects reproduction processes. Pollution and competition increase individual mortality. We assumed competition for space or resources, and introduced a carrying capacity for each species in the model. The resulting effect was that if the total biomass of the community w ...
Wildlife Conservation
... climate. These changes include temperature rises and alterations to weather patterns. Human populations can be dramatically impacted by some of these changes, however other species are far more sensitive to the more delicate changes such as those of temperature. • A major threat to all coral species ...
... climate. These changes include temperature rises and alterations to weather patterns. Human populations can be dramatically impacted by some of these changes, however other species are far more sensitive to the more delicate changes such as those of temperature. • A major threat to all coral species ...
Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity
... 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some prey, especially those that are susceptible because they have low population growth rates or live in situations that leave them exposed to attack by mesopredator ...
... 2009) and threatening vulnerable prey species (Polis & Holt 1992). Mesopredator outbreaks have the potential to lead to extinction of some prey, especially those that are susceptible because they have low population growth rates or live in situations that leave them exposed to attack by mesopredator ...
(Introduced) species
... missing at an alarming rate — on the order of 100 to 1000 times the background rate, estimated from fossil records to be from one to ten species/year (Pimm, et al., 1995 and others). Some estimates of current rates are much higher. There have been five mass extinctions in the past 500 million years, ...
... missing at an alarming rate — on the order of 100 to 1000 times the background rate, estimated from fossil records to be from one to ten species/year (Pimm, et al., 1995 and others). Some estimates of current rates are much higher. There have been five mass extinctions in the past 500 million years, ...
Export To Word
... The student will be able to describe how births, deaths, immigration, emigration, abiotic, and biotic factors affect population size of California sea otters. The student will be able to explain population density, logistic growth, exponential growth, and carrying capacity. The student will be able ...
... The student will be able to describe how births, deaths, immigration, emigration, abiotic, and biotic factors affect population size of California sea otters. The student will be able to explain population density, logistic growth, exponential growth, and carrying capacity. The student will be able ...
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, PRINCIPLES OF
... community, ecosystem, landscape, and biome. The size (scale) of an ecosystem is defined by the purposes of the study. Ecosystems may have distinct boundaries as in the case of a lake or a watershed. More often, the boundaries of one ecosystem (a forest) may grade gradually into another (a meadow) acr ...
... community, ecosystem, landscape, and biome. The size (scale) of an ecosystem is defined by the purposes of the study. Ecosystems may have distinct boundaries as in the case of a lake or a watershed. More often, the boundaries of one ecosystem (a forest) may grade gradually into another (a meadow) acr ...
FIGURE 20.2 A food web of Duffin Creek, Ontario, Canada, in
... Daphnia lumholtzi, an invasive species in the central United States with large spines that protect it from predation. (Photograph courtesy of K. D. Hambright). ...
... Daphnia lumholtzi, an invasive species in the central United States with large spines that protect it from predation. (Photograph courtesy of K. D. Hambright). ...
Study Guide for Environmental Biology 2206 Raven and Berg: 5th
... Population ecology, population density, birth rate, death rate, growth rate, natural increase, immigration, emigration, biotic potential, exponential population growth, environmental resistance, carrying capacity (K) r selection, r strategists, K selection. K strategists, survivorship, density and d ...
... Population ecology, population density, birth rate, death rate, growth rate, natural increase, immigration, emigration, biotic potential, exponential population growth, environmental resistance, carrying capacity (K) r selection, r strategists, K selection. K strategists, survivorship, density and d ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.