5-1 How Populations Grow
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
... population density reaches a certain level. These factors operate most strongly when a population is large and dense. They do not affect small, scattered populations as greatly. ...
Chapter 36-Communities_Ecosystems
... • Competition between species with identical niches has two possible outcomes – One of the populations, using resources more efficiently and having a reproductive advantage, will eventually eliminate the other – Natural selection may lead to resource partitioning ...
... • Competition between species with identical niches has two possible outcomes – One of the populations, using resources more efficiently and having a reproductive advantage, will eventually eliminate the other – Natural selection may lead to resource partitioning ...
The ecology of infectious disease: Effects of host diversity and
... (15 ⫻ 15 ⫻ 48 cm and 25 ⫻ 30 ⫻ 81 cm; 600 trapnights) and mist nets. All hosts were held in the laboratory for 72 h for tick collection and released at the site of capture. Engorged larvae dropping off animals were collected from pans of water held underneath caged animals and maintained at 22°C an ...
... (15 ⫻ 15 ⫻ 48 cm and 25 ⫻ 30 ⫻ 81 cm; 600 trapnights) and mist nets. All hosts were held in the laboratory for 72 h for tick collection and released at the site of capture. Engorged larvae dropping off animals were collected from pans of water held underneath caged animals and maintained at 22°C an ...
Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
... of species i, and ε i is a random variable representing variability in population growth rates not represented by s. If all ai values are assumed <0, then an increase in an environmental stressor, s(t), will cause a decrease in the per capita growth rate of all species i. This equation makes the sim ...
... of species i, and ε i is a random variable representing variability in population growth rates not represented by s. If all ai values are assumed <0, then an increase in an environmental stressor, s(t), will cause a decrease in the per capita growth rate of all species i. This equation makes the sim ...
AG. 518 BOTANY\RANGE SCIENCE
... Discuss why biomass decreases as we ascend the food chain Define the following terms: consumer, producer, trophic level and food web Explain cellular respiration and why carbon dioxide is released during respiration in producers and consumers Explain the implications of decreasing biomass in the foo ...
... Discuss why biomass decreases as we ascend the food chain Define the following terms: consumer, producer, trophic level and food web Explain cellular respiration and why carbon dioxide is released during respiration in producers and consumers Explain the implications of decreasing biomass in the foo ...
Document
... This food chain starts with grass as the producer. First, a grasshopper, which is an herbivore, consumes the grass. Next, a mouse, which is an omnivore, eats the grasshopper. Then a snake, which is a carnivore, eats the mouse. After that, a hawk, which is also a carnivore, consumes the snake. Finall ...
... This food chain starts with grass as the producer. First, a grasshopper, which is an herbivore, consumes the grass. Next, a mouse, which is an omnivore, eats the grasshopper. Then a snake, which is a carnivore, eats the mouse. After that, a hawk, which is also a carnivore, consumes the snake. Finall ...
Linking Dynamic Economic and Ecological General Equilibrium
... dynamic population models. The former approach has been likened to consumer theory (Stephens and Krebs, 1986) and describes how individual predators search for, attack and handle prey to maximize net energy intake per unit time. The approach does not account for multiple species in complex food webs ...
... dynamic population models. The former approach has been likened to consumer theory (Stephens and Krebs, 1986) and describes how individual predators search for, attack and handle prey to maximize net energy intake per unit time. The approach does not account for multiple species in complex food webs ...
04 August Article Ripple
... behaviorally mediated trophic cascades set the foundation for an “ecology of fear” concept (Brown et al. 1999) and provide the basis for this study. Ecologists are now beginning to appreciate how predators can affect prey species’ behavior, which in turn can influence other elements of the food web ...
... behaviorally mediated trophic cascades set the foundation for an “ecology of fear” concept (Brown et al. 1999) and provide the basis for this study. Ecologists are now beginning to appreciate how predators can affect prey species’ behavior, which in turn can influence other elements of the food web ...
Ch53Test_File - Milan Area Schools
... d. have monogamous mating patterns. e. have higher metabolic rates than smaller mammals do. Answer: b 33. Which is not true of social systems? a. A social system can be studied by asking how individuals in the system benefit from it. b. Social systems are dynamic; individuals’ relationships with one ...
... d. have monogamous mating patterns. e. have higher metabolic rates than smaller mammals do. Answer: b 33. Which is not true of social systems? a. A social system can be studied by asking how individuals in the system benefit from it. b. Social systems are dynamic; individuals’ relationships with one ...
Modeling and analysis of a two prey
... implies that the steady state is globally asymptotically stable. However, varying some parameters such as the inter-specific competition among prey does not change the dynamical behaviour of the system. ...
... implies that the steady state is globally asymptotically stable. However, varying some parameters such as the inter-specific competition among prey does not change the dynamical behaviour of the system. ...
LAB: NATURAL SELECTION This game was invented by G. Ledyard
... reproduces or fails to reproduce because of its characteristics. When more individuals with a particular trait survive then the overall population will change over time — it will be made up of more and more individuals with that successful characteristic. This change over time in the population is e ...
... reproduces or fails to reproduce because of its characteristics. When more individuals with a particular trait survive then the overall population will change over time — it will be made up of more and more individuals with that successful characteristic. This change over time in the population is e ...
Raport privind informa*iile colectate pentru speciile de
... the hunter (predator of game species), a certain number of wolves are removed each year using Habitat Directive derogations. In theory the hunting is only allowed for certain wolves under specific conditions, places, and periods, and with the means established by the law. In practice the hunting is ...
... the hunter (predator of game species), a certain number of wolves are removed each year using Habitat Directive derogations. In theory the hunting is only allowed for certain wolves under specific conditions, places, and periods, and with the means established by the law. In practice the hunting is ...
Comparative Analysis of Diversity and Similarity Indices with Special
... succession and stability in the community. It is clear from diversity indices of plant community that site I shows greatest species diversity in comparison to site II and III. Site II lies next to it and site III is the least one. Shannon-Weaner index is controlled by equitability (evenness) than by ...
... succession and stability in the community. It is clear from diversity indices of plant community that site I shows greatest species diversity in comparison to site II and III. Site II lies next to it and site III is the least one. Shannon-Weaner index is controlled by equitability (evenness) than by ...
Assignment 2 notes for teachers
... tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems. Regulation and Behavior All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment. An organism's behavior evolves through adaptat ...
... tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems. Regulation and Behavior All organisms must be able to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment. An organism's behavior evolves through adaptat ...
A Stoichiometric Model of Early Plant Primary Succession
... model parameters. We also assume that the plants considered here grow vegetatively (reproduction is ignored), have fixed amounts of C per unit biomass, have fixed allocation of biomass to roots and shoots, and compete solely through the reduction of belowground resources. We also assume that nutrien ...
... model parameters. We also assume that the plants considered here grow vegetatively (reproduction is ignored), have fixed amounts of C per unit biomass, have fixed allocation of biomass to roots and shoots, and compete solely through the reduction of belowground resources. We also assume that nutrien ...
State of Regional Parks: An Ecological Perspective
... is also an acquisition priority where private lands can be acquired, or protected by some other means, to strategically link one regional park (or protected area of another jurisdiction) to another park. Riparian corridors are prime examples of critical habitat in need of protection that can connect ...
... is also an acquisition priority where private lands can be acquired, or protected by some other means, to strategically link one regional park (or protected area of another jurisdiction) to another park. Riparian corridors are prime examples of critical habitat in need of protection that can connect ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... within substrates. In the typical life cycle, a free-living zoospore encysts to the host and expands intracellularly as a tubular rhizoid, i.e., the nutrient conveying system for the formation of fruit bodies (i.e., the infective sporangium) from which propagules (i.e., motile zoospores) are release ...
... within substrates. In the typical life cycle, a free-living zoospore encysts to the host and expands intracellularly as a tubular rhizoid, i.e., the nutrient conveying system for the formation of fruit bodies (i.e., the infective sporangium) from which propagules (i.e., motile zoospores) are release ...
Food Web Stability: The Influence of Trophic Flows across Habitats
... sets, but all initially started with all trophic levels present (McCann and Yodzis 1995). In our model, the dynamics of the system are dependent on the interaction between the top two species because the mass-specific metabolic rates, x C and y C , are constant across the four scenarios. We make thi ...
... sets, but all initially started with all trophic levels present (McCann and Yodzis 1995). In our model, the dynamics of the system are dependent on the interaction between the top two species because the mass-specific metabolic rates, x C and y C , are constant across the four scenarios. We make thi ...
Examining the Extinction of the Pleistocene Megafauna
... and springs to dry up or significantly reduce discharge (Haynes 1984). As a result of this climatic shift, several changes occurred. Some primary habitats were eliminated, while others that may have been only marginal during ...
... and springs to dry up or significantly reduce discharge (Haynes 1984). As a result of this climatic shift, several changes occurred. Some primary habitats were eliminated, while others that may have been only marginal during ...
Chapter 50 Conservation Biology
... Conservation biology supports certain ethical principles. – Biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere. – Extinctions due to human actions are undesirable. – Ecosystem interactions supporting biodiversity are desirable. – Biodiversity brought about by evolutionary change has value in and of itself. ...
... Conservation biology supports certain ethical principles. – Biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere. – Extinctions due to human actions are undesirable. – Ecosystem interactions supporting biodiversity are desirable. – Biodiversity brought about by evolutionary change has value in and of itself. ...
Wolf diet and its impact on the ungulates community in a new
... with the presence of vulnerable young individuals. The seasonal shifting in the consumption of Alpine and not-Alpine prey species was observed also in other studies conducted in the Alps on feeding habits of wolf (Poulle et al. 1997, Gazzola et al. 2007, Marucco et al. 2008). In the Mercantour Natio ...
... with the presence of vulnerable young individuals. The seasonal shifting in the consumption of Alpine and not-Alpine prey species was observed also in other studies conducted in the Alps on feeding habits of wolf (Poulle et al. 1997, Gazzola et al. 2007, Marucco et al. 2008). In the Mercantour Natio ...
SSP Models and Strategic Habitat Conservation Presentation
... Scaling: stepping-down & stepping-up Communicating: science & management Modeling: general (what) & specific (where) Management: acting & monitoring ...
... Scaling: stepping-down & stepping-up Communicating: science & management Modeling: general (what) & specific (where) Management: acting & monitoring ...
Nature Unbound: Chapter 8
... Every place on earth—each marsh, each prairie, each leaf at the tip of a white oak—is shared by many coexisting populations. They form what ecologists refer to as a biological community, a group of populations that live and interact in the same place at the same time. Organisms within a community ar ...
... Every place on earth—each marsh, each prairie, each leaf at the tip of a white oak—is shared by many coexisting populations. They form what ecologists refer to as a biological community, a group of populations that live and interact in the same place at the same time. Organisms within a community ar ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.