APPENDIX I: CALCULATING BROAD SENSE COMMUNITY
... structure, arising from the fitness consequences of genetic interactions among species (i.e., interspecific indirect genetic effects or IIGEs). Using simulated and natural communities of arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological commu ...
... structure, arising from the fitness consequences of genetic interactions among species (i.e., interspecific indirect genetic effects or IIGEs). Using simulated and natural communities of arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological commu ...
Strong density- and diversity-related effects help to maintain tree
... herd-immunity model, overall diversity should correlate positively with the performance of individual species, while this is not so in the simple density-dependence model. If, in contrast, niches of any type are few, maintenance of high diversity is nevertheless still possible. If competitive exclus ...
... herd-immunity model, overall diversity should correlate positively with the performance of individual species, while this is not so in the simple density-dependence model. If, in contrast, niches of any type are few, maintenance of high diversity is nevertheless still possible. If competitive exclus ...
calculating broad sense community heritability
... structure, arising from the fitness consequences of genetic interactions among species (i.e., interspecific indirect genetic effects or IIGEs). Using simulated and natural communities of arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological commu ...
... structure, arising from the fitness consequences of genetic interactions among species (i.e., interspecific indirect genetic effects or IIGEs). Using simulated and natural communities of arthropods inhabiting North American cottonwoods (Populus), we show that when species comprising ecological commu ...
Competition hierarchy, transitivity and additivity: investigating the
... community matrix (Case 2000; Keddy 1989; Levins 1968; Wilson and Roxburgh 1992). Based on Lotka–Volterra competition equations the community matrix specifies the effects of each species onto each other, based on (absolute) growth rates, carrying capacities (i.e. biomass in monocultures) and competit ...
... community matrix (Case 2000; Keddy 1989; Levins 1968; Wilson and Roxburgh 1992). Based on Lotka–Volterra competition equations the community matrix specifies the effects of each species onto each other, based on (absolute) growth rates, carrying capacities (i.e. biomass in monocultures) and competit ...
The Effect of Hydra on the Outcome of Competition Between
... was allowed to run for six weeks at which time the con tents ofthe aquaria were filtered through a plankton net and preserved in ethanol. Due to the large number of individuals present in the aquaria at this time, the mdi viduals from three subsamples were sorted to species, counted, and then dried ...
... was allowed to run for six weeks at which time the con tents ofthe aquaria were filtered through a plankton net and preserved in ethanol. Due to the large number of individuals present in the aquaria at this time, the mdi viduals from three subsamples were sorted to species, counted, and then dried ...
Package `primer`
... Ellner, S.P. and Guckenheimer, J. (2006) Dynamic Models in Biology, Princeton University Press. Stevens, M.H.H. (2009) A Primer of Ecology with R. Use R! Series. Springer. Berry, E.J., Gorchov, D.L., Endress, B.A. and Stevens, M.H.H. (2008) Source-sink dynamics within a plant population: the impact ...
... Ellner, S.P. and Guckenheimer, J. (2006) Dynamic Models in Biology, Princeton University Press. Stevens, M.H.H. (2009) A Primer of Ecology with R. Use R! Series. Springer. Berry, E.J., Gorchov, D.L., Endress, B.A. and Stevens, M.H.H. (2008) Source-sink dynamics within a plant population: the impact ...
The Business of Biodiversity - Wentworth Group of Concerned
... measure the success of those actions. I begin by arguing that many of our attempts to conserve biodiversity have been muddleheaded. I then use three examples to show how we can use decision tools taken from mathematics and economics to make smart conservation decisions. Once the best decision has be ...
... measure the success of those actions. I begin by arguing that many of our attempts to conserve biodiversity have been muddleheaded. I then use three examples to show how we can use decision tools taken from mathematics and economics to make smart conservation decisions. Once the best decision has be ...
Evaluating the “recovery level” of endangered species without prior
... by the mongoose (Amami rabbit, the Otton frog, Amami tip-nosed frog, and Amami Ishikawa’s frog) at four time points ranging from 2003 to 2011. We estimated the carrying capacities of these species using the logistic growth model combined with the effects of mongoose predation and environmental heter ...
... by the mongoose (Amami rabbit, the Otton frog, Amami tip-nosed frog, and Amami Ishikawa’s frog) at four time points ranging from 2003 to 2011. We estimated the carrying capacities of these species using the logistic growth model combined with the effects of mongoose predation and environmental heter ...
Biology and Ecology of Juvenile Procambarus alleni and
... Young crayfish were hatched from berried females captured in the field or bred in the laboratory. In the first experiment, growth, survival, and development of hatchlings were monitored to three months of age, under stable conditions. In the second experiment, effects of biotic and abiotic factors ( ...
... Young crayfish were hatched from berried females captured in the field or bred in the laboratory. In the first experiment, growth, survival, and development of hatchlings were monitored to three months of age, under stable conditions. In the second experiment, effects of biotic and abiotic factors ( ...
BioControl: Introducing Species to Balance Ecosystems
... This module consists of developing an argumentative essay on how to control over-population and the importance of predator/prey relationships within a healthy ecosystem. Students will explore evidence in history in which scientists have used biocontrol methods and introduced species to control or ba ...
... This module consists of developing an argumentative essay on how to control over-population and the importance of predator/prey relationships within a healthy ecosystem. Students will explore evidence in history in which scientists have used biocontrol methods and introduced species to control or ba ...
Ecosystem context and historical contingency in apex predator
... (17). Indeed, this finding almost certainly generalizes that apex predator recoveries often will be slower than those of lower-trophic level species simply because of a disparity in life history strategies. Such slower recovery times require setting appropriate expectations for the time scale of suc ...
... (17). Indeed, this finding almost certainly generalizes that apex predator recoveries often will be slower than those of lower-trophic level species simply because of a disparity in life history strategies. Such slower recovery times require setting appropriate expectations for the time scale of suc ...
Resource Partitioning among Five Agrobiont Spiders of a Rice
... niche differences partially explain the absence of interspecific effects. It may be possible that population densities are not high enough for major competitive interactions to occur (Wise and Barata 1983). Agroecosystems are variable environments with wide niche dimensions. Dimensions of the niches ...
... niche differences partially explain the absence of interspecific effects. It may be possible that population densities are not high enough for major competitive interactions to occur (Wise and Barata 1983). Agroecosystems are variable environments with wide niche dimensions. Dimensions of the niches ...
4e - scientific protocol
... cuticolar photos. DNA extraction and analysis (species, sex and individual recognition) will be done for all sure and doubt samples (regarding target species). ...
... cuticolar photos. DNA extraction and analysis (species, sex and individual recognition) will be done for all sure and doubt samples (regarding target species). ...
English
... by 11 fish species, of which six are native. Four of the native species are endemic to the region and threatened due to touristic pressure and to the introduction of exotic species. The objectives were to determine the characteristics that influence the spatial distribution of the fish species, to a ...
... by 11 fish species, of which six are native. Four of the native species are endemic to the region and threatened due to touristic pressure and to the introduction of exotic species. The objectives were to determine the characteristics that influence the spatial distribution of the fish species, to a ...
Report of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology (WGSE)
... Quantifying this balance of increased competition versus increased food intake is logistically difficult, even if using photography or video. Events simply transpire too fast. An open area for research is to determine by how much a bird’s fitness increases through local enhancement, or at least how ...
... Quantifying this balance of increased competition versus increased food intake is logistically difficult, even if using photography or video. Events simply transpire too fast. An open area for research is to determine by how much a bird’s fitness increases through local enhancement, or at least how ...
MEEC2017_Abstracts
... highest rates of return, given the presence of frequency-dependent competition and an absence of predation risk. This ideal free distribution, however, is highly susceptible to influence by predation risk. Models used to investigate predator-prey games often fix the behavior of one player while allo ...
... highest rates of return, given the presence of frequency-dependent competition and an absence of predation risk. This ideal free distribution, however, is highly susceptible to influence by predation risk. Models used to investigate predator-prey games often fix the behavior of one player while allo ...
Invasiveness, invasibility and the role of environmental
... Invasion ecology, the study of how organisms spread in habitats to which they are not native, asks both about the invasiveness of species and the invasibility of habitats: Which species are most likely to become invasive? Which habitats are most susceptible to invasion? To set the stage for consider ...
... Invasion ecology, the study of how organisms spread in habitats to which they are not native, asks both about the invasiveness of species and the invasibility of habitats: Which species are most likely to become invasive? Which habitats are most susceptible to invasion? To set the stage for consider ...
Dynamic Energy Budget model parameter estimation for the bivalve
... replacement among mussels in the M. edulis complex occurs as environmental conditions change across local (Schneider and Helmuth, 2007) and geographic (Hilbish et al., 2010) scales, M. californianus inhabits exposed rocky shores over a much wider latitudinal range. Thus, M. californianus is potentia ...
... replacement among mussels in the M. edulis complex occurs as environmental conditions change across local (Schneider and Helmuth, 2007) and geographic (Hilbish et al., 2010) scales, M. californianus inhabits exposed rocky shores over a much wider latitudinal range. Thus, M. californianus is potentia ...
6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands
... should decrease. The explanation for this decrease lies in the compensatory response of the remaining species. The rapidity and magnitude of the compensatory response will be process- and ecosystem-specific. For example, deletion of the dominant plant species in the short-grass steppe of North Ameri ...
... should decrease. The explanation for this decrease lies in the compensatory response of the remaining species. The rapidity and magnitude of the compensatory response will be process- and ecosystem-specific. For example, deletion of the dominant plant species in the short-grass steppe of North Ameri ...
Natural Selection Activity
... uniformly as possible so that no squares are sticking together or covering other squares. 6. Begin a round of Predation Game Warden: Direct the predators to face the habitat and begin picking up squares (prey); say “Stop” after 15 seconds. Predators: Pick up as many paper squares (prey) as possible ...
... uniformly as possible so that no squares are sticking together or covering other squares. 6. Begin a round of Predation Game Warden: Direct the predators to face the habitat and begin picking up squares (prey); say “Stop” after 15 seconds. Predators: Pick up as many paper squares (prey) as possible ...
1 PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL COUPLING AND THE CHALLENGE OF
... With marine experience as a guide, future research focused on the coupling of physical processes and fish recruitment in large lakes will be most fruitful if it takes an integrated approach. Driven by meteorology/climate, bathymetry, or habitat alteration, such processes can act independently, inter ...
... With marine experience as a guide, future research focused on the coupling of physical processes and fish recruitment in large lakes will be most fruitful if it takes an integrated approach. Driven by meteorology/climate, bathymetry, or habitat alteration, such processes can act independently, inter ...
ThemeGallery PowerTemplate
... When ragwort flea beetles were introduced to western Oregon, the biomass of ragwort, an invasive species, decreased, and its competitor species increased. In the absence of the flea beetles, ragwort is a superior competitor. ...
... When ragwort flea beetles were introduced to western Oregon, the biomass of ragwort, an invasive species, decreased, and its competitor species increased. In the absence of the flea beetles, ragwort is a superior competitor. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.