Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine
... (Loreau and de Mazancourt 2008, 2013, Gonzalez and Loreau 2009). This theory has been developed by focusing on simple limiting cases in which only one of these three drivers operates. For example, in a community composed of large populations (no demographic stochasticity) with weak interspecific int ...
... (Loreau and de Mazancourt 2008, 2013, Gonzalez and Loreau 2009). This theory has been developed by focusing on simple limiting cases in which only one of these three drivers operates. For example, in a community composed of large populations (no demographic stochasticity) with weak interspecific int ...
ppt檔案
... related species of birds have a “checkerboard” distribution pattern. (Fig. 9-8) Ecology 2001 Chap. 9 ...
... related species of birds have a “checkerboard” distribution pattern. (Fig. 9-8) Ecology 2001 Chap. 9 ...
Study Guide for Environmental Biology 2206 Raven and Berg: 5th
... Population ecology, population density, birth rate, death rate, growth rate, natural increase, immigration, emigration, biotic potential, exponential population growth, environmental resistance, carrying capacity (K) r selection, r strategists, K selection. K strategists, survivorship, density and d ...
... Population ecology, population density, birth rate, death rate, growth rate, natural increase, immigration, emigration, biotic potential, exponential population growth, environmental resistance, carrying capacity (K) r selection, r strategists, K selection. K strategists, survivorship, density and d ...
FIGURE 20.2 A food web of Duffin Creek, Ontario, Canada, in
... Daphnia lumholtzi, an invasive species in the central United States with large spines that protect it from predation. (Photograph courtesy of K. D. Hambright). ...
... Daphnia lumholtzi, an invasive species in the central United States with large spines that protect it from predation. (Photograph courtesy of K. D. Hambright). ...
Evaluating ecosystem services: Starting at the bottom of the food
... Summary: Primary producers (phytoplankton) provide important provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. They form the basis of marine food-webs, supporting production of higher trophic levels (a provisioning ecosystem service), and act as a sink of CO2 (a climate regulation service). We propose ...
... Summary: Primary producers (phytoplankton) provide important provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. They form the basis of marine food-webs, supporting production of higher trophic levels (a provisioning ecosystem service), and act as a sink of CO2 (a climate regulation service). We propose ...
Local-scale habitat influences morphological diversity of species
... habitat use patterns associated with seasonal waterlevel changes or reproduction (Hoeinghaus et al. 2003). The Cinaruco River in the Venezuelan Llanos contains 19 cichlid species ranging in size from invertivorous dwarf species to large predators. We were interested in identifying ecological pattern ...
... habitat use patterns associated with seasonal waterlevel changes or reproduction (Hoeinghaus et al. 2003). The Cinaruco River in the Venezuelan Llanos contains 19 cichlid species ranging in size from invertivorous dwarf species to large predators. We were interested in identifying ecological pattern ...
disturbance moderates biodiversity–ecosystem
... relationship between plant species richness and primary productivity could change in both form and magnitude depending on whether plants formed symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Ecological factors regulating interspecific interactions also have the potential to mediate the relationship ...
... relationship between plant species richness and primary productivity could change in both form and magnitude depending on whether plants formed symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Ecological factors regulating interspecific interactions also have the potential to mediate the relationship ...
Diversity of Interactions: A Metric for Studies of Biodiversity
... The quantitative investigation of food webs therefore requires the development of sampling schemes designed to infer the properties of the complete community food web from samples that in practice represent only a portion of the community. Current quantitative food-web investigations solve this prob ...
... The quantitative investigation of food webs therefore requires the development of sampling schemes designed to infer the properties of the complete community food web from samples that in practice represent only a portion of the community. Current quantitative food-web investigations solve this prob ...
Climate change and southern calamary
... size-at-age, even if growth rate is substantially elevated by temperature. The effect of temperature on the growth rate of individuals, providing food is not limited, is very clear warmer temperatures will promote faster growth over shorter life-spans (see Forsythe in press). However, as growth in j ...
... size-at-age, even if growth rate is substantially elevated by temperature. The effect of temperature on the growth rate of individuals, providing food is not limited, is very clear warmer temperatures will promote faster growth over shorter life-spans (see Forsythe in press). However, as growth in j ...
Chapter 6: Dimension 3: Disciplinary Core Ideas—Life Sciences
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
... molecular biology and genetics). It describes how variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment. This natural selection can lead to adaptation, that is, to a distribution of traits in the population that is matched to ...
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions
... intrinsic rate of growth and yields a number analogous to the intrinsic rate of population growth observed in a logistic ordinary differential equation. This averaging across space to yield an intrinsic growth rate is comparable to the way that the principal eigenvalue of a structured population mod ...
... intrinsic rate of growth and yields a number analogous to the intrinsic rate of population growth observed in a logistic ordinary differential equation. This averaging across space to yield an intrinsic growth rate is comparable to the way that the principal eigenvalue of a structured population mod ...
Big Yellow Taxi Assignment
... After listening to the Big Yellow Taxi by the Counting Crows and writing a response. Follow up with this assignment. Biosphere story: Write a story from the perspective of an organism in an ecosystem addressing mankind. Talk about the problems that man has created for the organisms. Give the organis ...
... After listening to the Big Yellow Taxi by the Counting Crows and writing a response. Follow up with this assignment. Biosphere story: Write a story from the perspective of an organism in an ecosystem addressing mankind. Talk about the problems that man has created for the organisms. Give the organis ...
Predator-prey interactions: lecture content
... Species richness often increases with seral stages This ...
... Species richness often increases with seral stages This ...
Distribution, extent of inter-annual variability and diet of the
... for each location, but it was possible to build up a picture of the known locations for large aggregations. Rhizostoma octopus (Linnaeus) and R. pulmo (Macri) (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) are closely related and frequently misidentified, with the sole difference being the number of marginal lappets arou ...
... for each location, but it was possible to build up a picture of the known locations for large aggregations. Rhizostoma octopus (Linnaeus) and R. pulmo (Macri) (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) are closely related and frequently misidentified, with the sole difference being the number of marginal lappets arou ...
Forests, Competition and Succession
... conifers, but during wildfire they protect the conifers. Species-diverse grasslands are more stable during a severe drought than species-simple grasslands. [See FIRE ECOLOGY. Interactions among species requiring the same resources are complex, varying over time and with environmental conditions. In ...
... conifers, but during wildfire they protect the conifers. Species-diverse grasslands are more stable during a severe drought than species-simple grasslands. [See FIRE ECOLOGY. Interactions among species requiring the same resources are complex, varying over time and with environmental conditions. In ...
Swarm Intelligence
... Individuals that belong to a group (but are not necessarily identical) They contribute to and benefit from the group They can recognize, communicate, and/or interact with each other ...
... Individuals that belong to a group (but are not necessarily identical) They contribute to and benefit from the group They can recognize, communicate, and/or interact with each other ...
Chapter 52- An Introduction to Ecology and the
... dryness, they shrink their long bodies and curl up in a spiral, losing 99% of their water. When they're that small, they can disperse in wind. So this is a mechanism for spreading, as well as for surviving in a particular location. These nematodes participate in very, very simple food chains, with o ...
... dryness, they shrink their long bodies and curl up in a spiral, losing 99% of their water. When they're that small, they can disperse in wind. So this is a mechanism for spreading, as well as for surviving in a particular location. These nematodes participate in very, very simple food chains, with o ...
Soil detritivore macro-invertebrate assemblages throughout a
... and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore invertebrates in forest ecosystems were description of species compo ...
... and tree composition are reduced to their simplest expression, making them about the most simplified forests [7]. In such systems, much attention has been paid to plant community diversity [5, 12] and most works on soil detritivore invertebrates in forest ecosystems were description of species compo ...
Ecological Light Pollution - The Urban Wildlands Group
... The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astronomical light communicating information about light condition ...
... The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astronomical light communicating information about light condition ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.