Brown JS. 2016 - City, University of London
... Game theory is well suited for frequency-dependent selection. Drawing from Darwin’s postulates, individuals have expected fitnesses ( per capita growth rates), which we can denote as G(v, u, x). This expected fitness is a function of the focal individual’s strategy, v, the strategies of others in th ...
... Game theory is well suited for frequency-dependent selection. Drawing from Darwin’s postulates, individuals have expected fitnesses ( per capita growth rates), which we can denote as G(v, u, x). This expected fitness is a function of the focal individual’s strategy, v, the strategies of others in th ...
Why Darwin would have loved evolutionary game theory
... Game theory is well suited for frequency-dependent selection. Drawing from Darwin’s postulates, individuals have expected fitnesses ( per capita growth rates), which we can denote as G(v, u, x). This expected fitness is a function of the focal individual’s strategy, v, the strategies of others in th ...
... Game theory is well suited for frequency-dependent selection. Drawing from Darwin’s postulates, individuals have expected fitnesses ( per capita growth rates), which we can denote as G(v, u, x). This expected fitness is a function of the focal individual’s strategy, v, the strategies of others in th ...
Ecological Light Pollution - The Urban Wildlands Group
... The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astronomical light communicating information about light condition ...
... The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astronomical light communicating information about light condition ...
biology 412: phytogeography
... PLANT GEOGRAPHY is a broad field that attempts to synthesize many disciplines all of which we will touch on in this course: • Natural History • Systematics - plant classification & nomenclature: the name game and how taxa are related to each other. Should be based on a Phylogenetic systematic (Cladi ...
... PLANT GEOGRAPHY is a broad field that attempts to synthesize many disciplines all of which we will touch on in this course: • Natural History • Systematics - plant classification & nomenclature: the name game and how taxa are related to each other. Should be based on a Phylogenetic systematic (Cladi ...
Neural networks - a new mathematical tool for air
... In order to better understand this phenomena, several different modelling techniques have been applied in this field that are very well known. Research in mathematical fields and in many other modern fields of science also gave some rather new tools that can be usefully employed in the field of air ...
... In order to better understand this phenomena, several different modelling techniques have been applied in this field that are very well known. Research in mathematical fields and in many other modern fields of science also gave some rather new tools that can be usefully employed in the field of air ...
1 Understand the characteristics of the four major macromolecules
... In general, the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in a carbohydrate molecule. There are three classes of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose are examples of carbohydrates. In all living organisms, carbohydrate ...
... In general, the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in a carbohydrate molecule. There are three classes of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose are examples of carbohydrates. In all living organisms, carbohydrate ...
Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning R E V I E W
... The simultaneous reduction of both forest quantity and quality is expected to lead to massive extinction of many species inhabiting forest habitats [21]. For a wide range of taxa, including trees and lianas, birds, fruitfeeding butterflies, leaf-litter amphibians, large mammals, epigeic arachnids, l ...
... The simultaneous reduction of both forest quantity and quality is expected to lead to massive extinction of many species inhabiting forest habitats [21]. For a wide range of taxa, including trees and lianas, birds, fruitfeeding butterflies, leaf-litter amphibians, large mammals, epigeic arachnids, l ...
The evolution of plumage polymorphism in birds of prey and owls
... any cross-taxa comparison (Harvey & Pagel, 1991). The fact that no thorough test of the avoidance-image hypothesis has been carried out so far is surprising because the theory makes two clear predictions which can easily be tested. First, polymorphism should be higher in species hunting birds or mam ...
... any cross-taxa comparison (Harvey & Pagel, 1991). The fact that no thorough test of the avoidance-image hypothesis has been carried out so far is surprising because the theory makes two clear predictions which can easily be tested. First, polymorphism should be higher in species hunting birds or mam ...
Chapter 50-55 Biojeopardy
... 4.After, click on the ‘Continue’ arrow to bring you back to the main screen Note: After clicking once to view the answer, try to remember to click only on the ‘Continue’ arrow. ...
... 4.After, click on the ‘Continue’ arrow to bring you back to the main screen Note: After clicking once to view the answer, try to remember to click only on the ‘Continue’ arrow. ...
carrying capacity - Issaquah Connect
... 4.After, click on the ‘Continue’ arrow to bring you back to the main screen Note: After clicking once to view the answer, try to remember to click only on the ‘Continue’ arrow. ...
... 4.After, click on the ‘Continue’ arrow to bring you back to the main screen Note: After clicking once to view the answer, try to remember to click only on the ‘Continue’ arrow. ...
Interactions of Life
... and other biotic and abiotic factors an organism needs to survive and reproduce. Organisms have a variety of habitats. For example, house martins such as the ones shown in Figure 4 sometimes live in meadows or grasslands, but these birds have found a habitat under the eaves of a building. Crickets l ...
... and other biotic and abiotic factors an organism needs to survive and reproduce. Organisms have a variety of habitats. For example, house martins such as the ones shown in Figure 4 sometimes live in meadows or grasslands, but these birds have found a habitat under the eaves of a building. Crickets l ...
Biology 30 Course Outline
... explain, in general, how restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules into smaller fragments and how ligases reassemble them o explain, in general, how cells may be transformed by inserting new DNA sequences into their genomes o explain how a random change (mutation) in the sequence of bases results in abn ...
... explain, in general, how restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules into smaller fragments and how ligases reassemble them o explain, in general, how cells may be transformed by inserting new DNA sequences into their genomes o explain how a random change (mutation) in the sequence of bases results in abn ...
Coastal Ecology and Natural Resource
... Show a basic knowledge of the natural history, behavior, biology, and ecology of Zanzibar Island and coastal mammals, fish, and birds; Explain the complex relationships between local people with the environment particularly in terms of balancing human needs with natural resource management and conse ...
... Show a basic knowledge of the natural history, behavior, biology, and ecology of Zanzibar Island and coastal mammals, fish, and birds; Explain the complex relationships between local people with the environment particularly in terms of balancing human needs with natural resource management and conse ...
Temporal stability in forest productivity increases with tree diversity
... term. A modelling approach necessarily brings some limitations regarding the fact that the results rely on the basic principles embedded in the model, but it also has several advantages. First, it renders the study of adult-tree communities possible, for which obtaining long-term data is exceedingly ...
... term. A modelling approach necessarily brings some limitations regarding the fact that the results rely on the basic principles embedded in the model, but it also has several advantages. First, it renders the study of adult-tree communities possible, for which obtaining long-term data is exceedingly ...
02_06011_ClamShrimp.qxd:CFN 120(2)
... by sweeping a fine-mesh dipnet through the pools. Research, conservation, management, and restoration of biodiversity are most often done in wildlands and natural areas. Yet urban, industrial, and other altered landscapes are expanding rapidly in North America. Certain rare or declining native speci ...
... by sweeping a fine-mesh dipnet through the pools. Research, conservation, management, and restoration of biodiversity are most often done in wildlands and natural areas. Yet urban, industrial, and other altered landscapes are expanding rapidly in North America. Certain rare or declining native speci ...
Summary
... growth of adult individuals. However, the VBGC give poor adjustment in the case of this species by underestimating the value of growth slope during whole investigation period. The VBGC has the disadvantage of not being accurate for describing first growth years with exception for species, which est ...
... growth of adult individuals. However, the VBGC give poor adjustment in the case of this species by underestimating the value of growth slope during whole investigation period. The VBGC has the disadvantage of not being accurate for describing first growth years with exception for species, which est ...
Poster Abstracts Testing Color Change in Female Crab Spiders
... Convergent evolution is a recurrent phenomenon in the tree of life. It is usually explained by the adaptation of organisms to similar environmental conditions. Over the last few decades a series of examples of convergent evolution in color polymorphism have been described for the spider family Theri ...
... Convergent evolution is a recurrent phenomenon in the tree of life. It is usually explained by the adaptation of organisms to similar environmental conditions. Over the last few decades a series of examples of convergent evolution in color polymorphism have been described for the spider family Theri ...
Substitution And Resemblance: Traditional African Drama As
... greater relevance to the African continent which has borne the brunt of climate change. There is also the need for more research into this mode of performance. What the rest of the world could do is perhaps learn or borrow from the examples highlighted in the paper, subjecting them to modifications ...
... greater relevance to the African continent which has borne the brunt of climate change. There is also the need for more research into this mode of performance. What the rest of the world could do is perhaps learn or borrow from the examples highlighted in the paper, subjecting them to modifications ...
9-12 - Wave Foundation
... title as an endangered species. Many factors have contributed to the decline of the population, inhibiting growth and development. Examples include but are not limited to: guano depletion, as it has been collected for commercial exploitation, forcing the penguins to relocate their nesting sites; egg ...
... title as an endangered species. Many factors have contributed to the decline of the population, inhibiting growth and development. Examples include but are not limited to: guano depletion, as it has been collected for commercial exploitation, forcing the penguins to relocate their nesting sites; egg ...
Genetic variation, predator–prey interactions and food web structure
... [21,43]. These differences in abundances must probably affect the strength of interactions [26]. Also, predator – prey body size ratios are positively associated to interaction strengths [44,45] and can thus be linked to food web stability in turn; with larger ratios leading to more stable food webs ...
... [21,43]. These differences in abundances must probably affect the strength of interactions [26]. Also, predator – prey body size ratios are positively associated to interaction strengths [44,45] and can thus be linked to food web stability in turn; with larger ratios leading to more stable food webs ...
pdf reprint
... decades. Some of these experiments, such as the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Brazil (Laurance et al. 2011), have been operating for many years, while others still are just initiating (e.g. The Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems in Borneo (Ewers et al. 2011) and the Thousand ...
... decades. Some of these experiments, such as the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Brazil (Laurance et al. 2011), have been operating for many years, while others still are just initiating (e.g. The Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems in Borneo (Ewers et al. 2011) and the Thousand ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.