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Proteins2[1]
... there are more it becomes a polypeptide. Short polypeptide chains are usually called peptides while longer ones are called proteins. ...
... there are more it becomes a polypeptide. Short polypeptide chains are usually called peptides while longer ones are called proteins. ...
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway
... aerobic (high glucose conc.) ethanol This indicates metabolic regulation not only by oxygen , but also by glucose. This effect is known as the Crabtree effect. Therefore, control of metabolism is important in bioprocess. ...
... aerobic (high glucose conc.) ethanol This indicates metabolic regulation not only by oxygen , but also by glucose. This effect is known as the Crabtree effect. Therefore, control of metabolism is important in bioprocess. ...
Concept 3.4: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic
... • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds • The most biologically important lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds • The most biologically important lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Protein Structure and Enzyme Activity
... This program starts with amino acids, the structural information being much more detailed than in the pH/titration program. Absolute configuration is not dealt with. Linking of amino acids to form peptides is demonstrated although the spatial characteristics of the peptide bond are only hinted at. F ...
... This program starts with amino acids, the structural information being much more detailed than in the pH/titration program. Absolute configuration is not dealt with. Linking of amino acids to form peptides is demonstrated although the spatial characteristics of the peptide bond are only hinted at. F ...
I. Cellular Respiration – complex process in which cells make ATP
... Activity – chemical energy is stored as C, F, & P. The body can not use these organic compounds as immediate energy. They must be converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a high-energy compound. Another compound, CP (creatine phosphate) serves to replace ATP as it is used up. A. 3 types of energ ...
... Activity – chemical energy is stored as C, F, & P. The body can not use these organic compounds as immediate energy. They must be converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a high-energy compound. Another compound, CP (creatine phosphate) serves to replace ATP as it is used up. A. 3 types of energ ...
Chapter 26
... • In an exercising muscle, demand for ATP > oxygen supply so ATP is produced by glycolysis – glycolysis can not continue without supply of coenzyme NAD+ ...
... • In an exercising muscle, demand for ATP > oxygen supply so ATP is produced by glycolysis – glycolysis can not continue without supply of coenzyme NAD+ ...
Chapter 26
... • In an exercising muscle, demand for ATP > oxygen supply so ATP is produced by glycolysis – glycolysis can not continue without supply of coenzyme NAD+ ...
... • In an exercising muscle, demand for ATP > oxygen supply so ATP is produced by glycolysis – glycolysis can not continue without supply of coenzyme NAD+ ...
Solutions to problems
... acids which can be have a variety of functions. Nucleic acids are the hereditary material for life which allow cells to function according to specific instructions that are passed on when the cells reproduce. Enzymes are a type of protein which serve as catalysts for biochemical reactions that take ...
... acids which can be have a variety of functions. Nucleic acids are the hereditary material for life which allow cells to function according to specific instructions that are passed on when the cells reproduce. Enzymes are a type of protein which serve as catalysts for biochemical reactions that take ...
Biology First Semester Study Questions
... 7. saturated fat, unsaturated fat, steroids, phospholipids 8. saturated fat= long term energy storage in animals; unsaturated fat= long term energy storage in plants; steroids= chemical signals; phospholipids= make up cell membranes 9. saturated fat, steroids, phospholipids 10. unsaturated fat, phos ...
... 7. saturated fat, unsaturated fat, steroids, phospholipids 8. saturated fat= long term energy storage in animals; unsaturated fat= long term energy storage in plants; steroids= chemical signals; phospholipids= make up cell membranes 9. saturated fat, steroids, phospholipids 10. unsaturated fat, phos ...
Alkaloid
... complex Electrons (& energy from reduction potential) are derived from 4 NADH At least 16 ATP must be hydrolyzed The ammonia (NH3) produced is either utilized by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, or secreted into the environment In the case of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the NH3 is transported i ...
... complex Electrons (& energy from reduction potential) are derived from 4 NADH At least 16 ATP must be hydrolyzed The ammonia (NH3) produced is either utilized by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, or secreted into the environment In the case of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the NH3 is transported i ...
Photosynthesis
... ATP. Examples are animals, bacteria, protists, fungi, and plants. Cells can still meet their energy needs when there is no oxygen through fermentation. Glycolysis requires NAD+ since no oxygen is available. The electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate to either produce alcohol (in plants and yeast) ...
... ATP. Examples are animals, bacteria, protists, fungi, and plants. Cells can still meet their energy needs when there is no oxygen through fermentation. Glycolysis requires NAD+ since no oxygen is available. The electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate to either produce alcohol (in plants and yeast) ...
8.5
... are made up of twenty types of amino acids. The mRNA message is read as a series of non-overlapping codons, a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. Many amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. In general, codons that code for the same amino acid share the same first tw ...
... are made up of twenty types of amino acids. The mRNA message is read as a series of non-overlapping codons, a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. Many amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. In general, codons that code for the same amino acid share the same first tw ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... How does energy flow through an ecosystem? Can energy be recycled? How do producers get their energy? In which cell organelle does most of this take place? Draw and label it. ...
... How does energy flow through an ecosystem? Can energy be recycled? How do producers get their energy? In which cell organelle does most of this take place? Draw and label it. ...
E U F T DG Unfolded state, ensemble Native fold, one
... Explain why some backbone conformations are favoured and some are “forbidden” (not found in natural proteins). – Name properties on which the amino acids can be grouped. – Explain the driving forces behind protein folding related to the properties of the backbone and the side chains. ...
... Explain why some backbone conformations are favoured and some are “forbidden” (not found in natural proteins). – Name properties on which the amino acids can be grouped. – Explain the driving forces behind protein folding related to the properties of the backbone and the side chains. ...
File
... Metabolites: molecules that can be synthesized or broken down in our bodies Inorganic-no Carbon or Hydrogen in primary structure ...
... Metabolites: molecules that can be synthesized or broken down in our bodies Inorganic-no Carbon or Hydrogen in primary structure ...
TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein
... •An amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon •20 amino acids combine in different combinations to make various proteins ...
... •An amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon •20 amino acids combine in different combinations to make various proteins ...
Principles of Life
... specifying each amino acid. The race was on to identify which triplet coded for which amino acid. Cellfree systems had been developed, first using rat liver and then using E. coli, in which cell extracts were made and protein synthesis occurred. Both systems required ribosomes, ATP and GTP as energy ...
... specifying each amino acid. The race was on to identify which triplet coded for which amino acid. Cellfree systems had been developed, first using rat liver and then using E. coli, in which cell extracts were made and protein synthesis occurred. Both systems required ribosomes, ATP and GTP as energy ...
semester two final review key units 5 and 6 only
... Biochemistry: sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms Hydrocarbon: are the simplest organic compounds. Containing only carbon and hydrogen, they can be straight-chain, branched chain or cyclic Carbohydrate: is a biological mol ...
... Biochemistry: sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms Hydrocarbon: are the simplest organic compounds. Containing only carbon and hydrogen, they can be straight-chain, branched chain or cyclic Carbohydrate: is a biological mol ...
Biochemical Systems Handout All living cells need energy to
... take place. In humans this energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactio ...
... take place. In humans this energy is obtained by breaking down organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactio ...
Old exams 1. Which one of these answers best describes a
... 12.“Zinc Fingers” motifs are important in cellular regulation because they are? 13.A protein is most likely to have the highest proportion of which of the following amino acid residues buried within its core? ( Look at table at the back of test) 14.Which of the following increases membrane fluidity? ...
... 12.“Zinc Fingers” motifs are important in cellular regulation because they are? 13.A protein is most likely to have the highest proportion of which of the following amino acid residues buried within its core? ( Look at table at the back of test) 14.Which of the following increases membrane fluidity? ...
RNA
... • Genes determines the primary structure, the primary structure determines conformation • Chaperones ...
... • Genes determines the primary structure, the primary structure determines conformation • Chaperones ...
Chapter 26
... – muscle contraction, ciliary & flagellar motility – structural role in all cell membranes • membrane receptors, ion channels, pumps & identity markers ...
... – muscle contraction, ciliary & flagellar motility – structural role in all cell membranes • membrane receptors, ion channels, pumps & identity markers ...
Chapter 24
... Pepsin--converts proteins to peptides (several amino acids) Gastric lipase—converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol Chymotrypsin—converts polypeptides (long chains of amino acids) to peptides Trypsin—converts polypeptides to peptides Carboxypeptidase—converts peptides to smaller peptides and amino ...
... Pepsin--converts proteins to peptides (several amino acids) Gastric lipase—converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol Chymotrypsin—converts polypeptides (long chains of amino acids) to peptides Trypsin—converts polypeptides to peptides Carboxypeptidase—converts peptides to smaller peptides and amino ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.