Muscle alanine synthesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis
... of the amino acid nitrogen towards alanine formation would serve to prevent excessive generation of potentially toxic ammonia by the purine nucleotide cycle. The precise roles of amino acid breakdown and ammonia generation in muscle are not clear, but it may be that one function of ammonia formation ...
... of the amino acid nitrogen towards alanine formation would serve to prevent excessive generation of potentially toxic ammonia by the purine nucleotide cycle. The precise roles of amino acid breakdown and ammonia generation in muscle are not clear, but it may be that one function of ammonia formation ...
Malonate decarboxylase of Pseudomonas putida is composed of
... with [2-14 C]malonyl-CoA, the N subunit became labeled by 14 C radioactivity (Fig. 3, lane 2). Furthermore, the labeled [2-14 C]malonyl-residue of N subunit was completely released by incubating with an excess amount of cold malonate (Fig. 3, lane 3). On the other hand, the N subunit of catalyticall ...
... with [2-14 C]malonyl-CoA, the N subunit became labeled by 14 C radioactivity (Fig. 3, lane 2). Furthermore, the labeled [2-14 C]malonyl-residue of N subunit was completely released by incubating with an excess amount of cold malonate (Fig. 3, lane 3). On the other hand, the N subunit of catalyticall ...
Triglyceride Measurements: a Review of Methods and Interferences
... ADP is present in APP, especially if reagent solutions are stored or if ATP has been processed with other reagents such as in a lyophilized product. ADP can also be generated by the action of alkaline phosphatase at pH 7.0-9.0. Its effect can be negated with a reagent blank; but consumption of NADH ...
... ADP is present in APP, especially if reagent solutions are stored or if ATP has been processed with other reagents such as in a lyophilized product. ADP can also be generated by the action of alkaline phosphatase at pH 7.0-9.0. Its effect can be negated with a reagent blank; but consumption of NADH ...
PDF - School of Chemical Sciences
... NAD(P)H is involved in approximately 80% of enzymatic reductions accounting for over 300 known reactions, many of which have potential in biocatalysis [13]. As a result, several regeneration systems for NAD(P)H have been described that allow cofactor addition in catalytic amounts [9,14–16]. Of these ...
... NAD(P)H is involved in approximately 80% of enzymatic reductions accounting for over 300 known reactions, many of which have potential in biocatalysis [13]. As a result, several regeneration systems for NAD(P)H have been described that allow cofactor addition in catalytic amounts [9,14–16]. Of these ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... criteria, the free pool (often referred to as the ‘cytosolic pool’) NAD : NADH ratios in various tissues from different species have been estimated and found to range from 0.1 to 10 (Table 1) [25–29]. A recent study, however, shows that the ratio of the free pool of NAD to NADH is around 600, measur ...
... criteria, the free pool (often referred to as the ‘cytosolic pool’) NAD : NADH ratios in various tissues from different species have been estimated and found to range from 0.1 to 10 (Table 1) [25–29]. A recent study, however, shows that the ratio of the free pool of NAD to NADH is around 600, measur ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates the compartmentation and intercompartmental transports between the cytosol and the mitochondria, and transport of metabolites between blood compartment and the tissue. T ...
... include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates the compartmentation and intercompartmental transports between the cytosol and the mitochondria, and transport of metabolites between blood compartment and the tissue. T ...
Dateien anzeigen - Universität Düsseldorf
... set of membrane-bound dehydrogenases. Beside the beneficial attributes, the unusual metabolism of G. oxydans also poses a problem, which is the low cell yield resulting in high costs for biomass production. This study aimed at an increase of the cell yield of G. oxydans on glucose in order to improv ...
... set of membrane-bound dehydrogenases. Beside the beneficial attributes, the unusual metabolism of G. oxydans also poses a problem, which is the low cell yield resulting in high costs for biomass production. This study aimed at an increase of the cell yield of G. oxydans on glucose in order to improv ...
Theoretical Approaches to the Evolutionary Optimization of Glycolysis
... ral selection, since a number of clear and interesting problems of optimization are involved and the number of variables is controllable, allowing an analytical solution in many cases. An interesting subject in the evolution of metabolism is the strategy for achieving a good design of metabolic path ...
... ral selection, since a number of clear and interesting problems of optimization are involved and the number of variables is controllable, allowing an analytical solution in many cases. An interesting subject in the evolution of metabolism is the strategy for achieving a good design of metabolic path ...
Effect of low glycogen on ... metabolism in human muscle during ...
... (AMP deaminase) during the contraction. The larger increases in ADP and AMP during LG exercise are considered necessary to activate phosphofructokinase, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation under conditions in which glycolysis does not provide adequate substrate for formation of acetyl CoA a ...
... (AMP deaminase) during the contraction. The larger increases in ADP and AMP during LG exercise are considered necessary to activate phosphofructokinase, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation under conditions in which glycolysis does not provide adequate substrate for formation of acetyl CoA a ...
A study on the efficient production of lactic acid with metabolically
... Studies on L-lactic acid production There have been some reports on lactic acid fermentation with R. oryzae. For instance, Yin et al. reported that R. oryzae produced a final concentration of 102 g/liter of L-lactic acid from corn starch. The yield of lactic acid was 85% (Yin et al. 1997 and 1998). ...
... Studies on L-lactic acid production There have been some reports on lactic acid fermentation with R. oryzae. For instance, Yin et al. reported that R. oryzae produced a final concentration of 102 g/liter of L-lactic acid from corn starch. The yield of lactic acid was 85% (Yin et al. 1997 and 1998). ...
G. M. Tielens Hellemond, Fred R. Opperdoes and Aloysius Susanne
... degraded to succinate, and glucose is degraded to acetate, succinate, and alanine. It has been shown that succinate production from glucose occurs predominantly inside the glycosome (8). Furthermore, no difference in excreted end products was detected between wild-type and aconitase knockout procycl ...
... degraded to succinate, and glucose is degraded to acetate, succinate, and alanine. It has been shown that succinate production from glucose occurs predominantly inside the glycosome (8). Furthermore, no difference in excreted end products was detected between wild-type and aconitase knockout procycl ...
New Functions for Parts of the Krebs Cycle in Procyclic
... degraded to succinate, and glucose is degraded to acetate, succinate, and alanine. It has been shown that succinate production from glucose occurs predominantly inside the glycosome (8). Furthermore, no difference in excreted end products was detected between wild-type and aconitase knockout procycl ...
... degraded to succinate, and glucose is degraded to acetate, succinate, and alanine. It has been shown that succinate production from glucose occurs predominantly inside the glycosome (8). Furthermore, no difference in excreted end products was detected between wild-type and aconitase knockout procycl ...
ch_10_lecture_presentation Part 2
... The details of tension over time for a single twitch in the gastrocnemius muscle. Notice the presence of a latent period, which corresponds to the time needed for the conduction of an action potential and the subsequent release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. ...
... The details of tension over time for a single twitch in the gastrocnemius muscle. Notice the presence of a latent period, which corresponds to the time needed for the conduction of an action potential and the subsequent release of calcium ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. ...
Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Era of Tandem Mass
... between the dimes and the quarters. The MS sorts molecules by weight in much the same way. An MS/MS is simply two single MS with a special “collision cell” chamber between the two MS instruments (Fig 3).26 After being prepped, the sample is injected into the first instrument. While in the first inst ...
... between the dimes and the quarters. The MS sorts molecules by weight in much the same way. An MS/MS is simply two single MS with a special “collision cell” chamber between the two MS instruments (Fig 3).26 After being prepped, the sample is injected into the first instrument. While in the first inst ...
Proton-motive force
... • P/O ratio is the number of ATP molecules formed/pair of e• The table above assumes P/O = 2.5 for mitochondrial ...
... • P/O ratio is the number of ATP molecules formed/pair of e• The table above assumes P/O = 2.5 for mitochondrial ...
Pentose P Path
... NADPH, a product of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, functions as a reductant in anabolic (synthetic) pathways, e.g., fatty acid synthesis. NAD+ serves as electron acceptor in catabolic pathways, in which metabolites are oxidized. ...
... NADPH, a product of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, functions as a reductant in anabolic (synthetic) pathways, e.g., fatty acid synthesis. NAD+ serves as electron acceptor in catabolic pathways, in which metabolites are oxidized. ...
WRL3116.tmp
... C. Prosthetic group D. Co-substrate E. Ingibitor ion 41. R-CH2OH + O2 > R-CHO + H2O2 which of the following types of enzymes catalyzes this reaction A. Dehydrogenase B. Oxidase C. * Peroxidase D. Aldolase E. Catalase 42. Some antibody molecules are enzymatic if they are formed against A. Enzymes B. ...
... C. Prosthetic group D. Co-substrate E. Ingibitor ion 41. R-CH2OH + O2 > R-CHO + H2O2 which of the following types of enzymes catalyzes this reaction A. Dehydrogenase B. Oxidase C. * Peroxidase D. Aldolase E. Catalase 42. Some antibody molecules are enzymatic if they are formed against A. Enzymes B. ...
phosphorylation. synthesis via the mechanism of substrate level
... All experiments described in this paper were performed with the pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri (4). Growth of M. barkeri on pyruvate. The organism was routinely grown at 378C in anaerobic glass bottles on mineral medium containing pyruvate as the carbon and energy source, as described before ...
... All experiments described in this paper were performed with the pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri (4). Growth of M. barkeri on pyruvate. The organism was routinely grown at 378C in anaerobic glass bottles on mineral medium containing pyruvate as the carbon and energy source, as described before ...
The rotary mechanism of the ATP synthase Archives - iGRAD
... Like many transporters, the F0F1 ATP synthase (or F-type ATPase) has been a fascinating subject for the study of a complex membrane-associated process. The ATP synthase is a critically important activity that carries out synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi driven by a proton motive force, DlH+, or sodi ...
... Like many transporters, the F0F1 ATP synthase (or F-type ATPase) has been a fascinating subject for the study of a complex membrane-associated process. The ATP synthase is a critically important activity that carries out synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi driven by a proton motive force, DlH+, or sodi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... tree has been constructed, assuming a divergent evolution from a common ancestral gene [1]. In this way, it was possible to identify four divergent groups of alcohol dehydrogenases in this family: vertebrates, plants, eukaryotic microorganisms and prokaryotic bacteria. Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces c ...
... tree has been constructed, assuming a divergent evolution from a common ancestral gene [1]. In this way, it was possible to identify four divergent groups of alcohol dehydrogenases in this family: vertebrates, plants, eukaryotic microorganisms and prokaryotic bacteria. Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces c ...
Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed
... Strong tolerance to anaerobic conditions is known to be one of the adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants for their survival in anaerobic environments. However, the mechanisms of the tolerance are not clear. Studies on the regulation of energy metabolism in anoxia are important to understand how ...
... Strong tolerance to anaerobic conditions is known to be one of the adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants for their survival in anaerobic environments. However, the mechanisms of the tolerance are not clear. Studies on the regulation of energy metabolism in anoxia are important to understand how ...
227 integrated responses to exhaustive exercise and recovery in
... As a sprint swimmer with over 60 % of its body mass in white muscle (Johnston, 1980; Stevens, 1968), the rainbow trout provides an ideal model in which to study the exercise physiology of this tissue. Indeed, the acid–base, metabolic and fluid volume responses induced by short-term ‘anaerobic’ exhau ...
... As a sprint swimmer with over 60 % of its body mass in white muscle (Johnston, 1980; Stevens, 1968), the rainbow trout provides an ideal model in which to study the exercise physiology of this tissue. Indeed, the acid–base, metabolic and fluid volume responses induced by short-term ‘anaerobic’ exhau ...
Mechanisms of pHi Recovery After Global Ischemia in the Perfused
... All results are quoted as mean±SEM. Statistical comparisons use the two-tailed unpaired Student's t test,32 with significance being taken at p<0.05. ...
... All results are quoted as mean±SEM. Statistical comparisons use the two-tailed unpaired Student's t test,32 with significance being taken at p<0.05. ...
University of Groningen Operation of the purine nucleotide cycle in
... reaction is poised towards reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate. Reaction ( I I ) can only proceed in the indicated direction when the end products, alpha-ketoglutarate and NADH, are rapidly catabolized. As evidence to support this function, Lowenstein (1972) presented the following data : (i) ...
... reaction is poised towards reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate. Reaction ( I I ) can only proceed in the indicated direction when the end products, alpha-ketoglutarate and NADH, are rapidly catabolized. As evidence to support this function, Lowenstein (1972) presented the following data : (i) ...
22. pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
... molecular oxygen. Since only Mg and an adenylic acid (ATP, ADP or AMP) had to be added, this finding meant that mitochondria contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle but also those needed to transport the electrons from the substrate to molecular oxygen. Late ...
... molecular oxygen. Since only Mg and an adenylic acid (ATP, ADP or AMP) had to be added, this finding meant that mitochondria contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle but also those needed to transport the electrons from the substrate to molecular oxygen. Late ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.