Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... stage of HF in different animal models may account for this discrepancy. In the study of Liu M et al. [33], INa was decreased in failing cardiomyocytes and treating the cells with NAD+ or mitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, restored INa levels. The NAD+ effect was dependent on CD38 activ ...
... stage of HF in different animal models may account for this discrepancy. In the study of Liu M et al. [33], INa was decreased in failing cardiomyocytes and treating the cells with NAD+ or mitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, restored INa levels. The NAD+ effect was dependent on CD38 activ ...
Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and
... described in the 1970s [20,21] and those of the human urogenital parasite Trichomonas vaginalis have become the best-studied MROs to date. They function in several canonical mitochondrial processes including amino acid metabolism, oxygen detoxification and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, and possess two ...
... described in the 1970s [20,21] and those of the human urogenital parasite Trichomonas vaginalis have become the best-studied MROs to date. They function in several canonical mitochondrial processes including amino acid metabolism, oxygen detoxification and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, and possess two ...
Enzymes - دانشکده پزشکی
... Some important characteristics of enzymes -Potent (high catalytic power) High reaction rates They increase the rate of reaction by a factor of 103-1012 -Efficient (high efficiency) catalytic efficiency is represented by Turnover number: moles of substrate converted to product per second per mole o ...
... Some important characteristics of enzymes -Potent (high catalytic power) High reaction rates They increase the rate of reaction by a factor of 103-1012 -Efficient (high efficiency) catalytic efficiency is represented by Turnover number: moles of substrate converted to product per second per mole o ...
Elucidating Flux Regulation of the Fermentation Modes of
... It is impossible to complete my PhD study without the help of many people. First of all, I must express my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Christian Solem and Peter Ruhdal Jensen. Christian has taught me numerous principles, skills and knowledge in practical as well as theoretical molecular b ...
... It is impossible to complete my PhD study without the help of many people. First of all, I must express my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Christian Solem and Peter Ruhdal Jensen. Christian has taught me numerous principles, skills and knowledge in practical as well as theoretical molecular b ...
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase. From a model enzyme to
... C.boidinii, suitable for high-resolution structural analysis were up to date unsuccessful. The crystals so far obtained were of poor quality and were either twins that precluded solving of the respective structures or diffracted well above 3 Å resolution range. Thus apo and holo high resolution stru ...
... C.boidinii, suitable for high-resolution structural analysis were up to date unsuccessful. The crystals so far obtained were of poor quality and were either twins that precluded solving of the respective structures or diffracted well above 3 Å resolution range. Thus apo and holo high resolution stru ...
Recent Advances in Second Generation Ethanol Production by
... biomass demonstrating a move towards a more sustainable biofuel production that meets the demand for bioethanol using raw materials and does not compete with food. Lignocellulosic biomass is often an agricultural by-product such as straw produced from wheat or corn [4]. However, second generation bi ...
... biomass demonstrating a move towards a more sustainable biofuel production that meets the demand for bioethanol using raw materials and does not compete with food. Lignocellulosic biomass is often an agricultural by-product such as straw produced from wheat or corn [4]. However, second generation bi ...
Fasting induces ketoacidosis and hypothermia in PDHK2/PDHK4
... and fasted state [1]. In the well-fed state, the PDH complex is highly active, promoting glucose oxidation by generating acetylCoA, which can be oxidized by the citric acid cycle or used for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In the fasted state, the PDH complex is inactivated by phosphorylation ...
... and fasted state [1]. In the well-fed state, the PDH complex is highly active, promoting glucose oxidation by generating acetylCoA, which can be oxidized by the citric acid cycle or used for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In the fasted state, the PDH complex is inactivated by phosphorylation ...
Effects of Xylitol on S. mutans
... Xylitol influences positively the plaque microflora in establishing ecological conditions less appropriate for the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
... Xylitol influences positively the plaque microflora in establishing ecological conditions less appropriate for the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... by A . etltrophtls (Dols e t al., 1994; Zhou & Crawford, 1995). However, most studies reported on the regulation of the catabolism of aromatic compounds have been performed with low or very low concentrations of substrates (generally below 5 mM) which do not necessarily reflect the stress conditions ...
... by A . etltrophtls (Dols e t al., 1994; Zhou & Crawford, 1995). However, most studies reported on the regulation of the catabolism of aromatic compounds have been performed with low or very low concentrations of substrates (generally below 5 mM) which do not necessarily reflect the stress conditions ...
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP
... is a self-glucosylating initiator protein, although no analogue of glycogen has been described in bacteria.4 Glycogen is a large (107 to 109 Da) and highly branched molecule. About every 10 to 14 residues of the polymer sees another chain of α-1,4-polyglucans attached to it via an α-1,6-polyglucan l ...
... is a self-glucosylating initiator protein, although no analogue of glycogen has been described in bacteria.4 Glycogen is a large (107 to 109 Da) and highly branched molecule. About every 10 to 14 residues of the polymer sees another chain of α-1,4-polyglucans attached to it via an α-1,6-polyglucan l ...
universidade estadual de maringá metabolic alterations caused by
... activity as an uncoupler. At higher concentrations, however, several other effects may become significant, including inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow and inhibition of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation. In metabolic ...
... activity as an uncoupler. At higher concentrations, however, several other effects may become significant, including inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow and inhibition of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation. In metabolic ...
Ch31-Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
... the liver, the [NADH]/[NAD] ratio is much higher than it is in the normal fasting liver. High levels of NADH drive the lactate dehydrogenase reaction toward lactate. Therefore, lactate cannot enter the gluconeogenic pathway, and pyruvate that is generated from alanine is converted to lactate. Becau ...
... the liver, the [NADH]/[NAD] ratio is much higher than it is in the normal fasting liver. High levels of NADH drive the lactate dehydrogenase reaction toward lactate. Therefore, lactate cannot enter the gluconeogenic pathway, and pyruvate that is generated from alanine is converted to lactate. Becau ...
Impaired Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mouse Livers Lacking
... consumption was also lower in STfasted versus LTfasted livers from both null and control animals. Glucose Production—Glucose production was twice as high in control livers versus PEPCK null livers in LTfasted conditions and also tended to be higher in the STfasted condition (Fig. 3). In general, liv ...
... consumption was also lower in STfasted versus LTfasted livers from both null and control animals. Glucose Production—Glucose production was twice as high in control livers versus PEPCK null livers in LTfasted conditions and also tended to be higher in the STfasted condition (Fig. 3). In general, liv ...
Contents - Elsevier
... reduction systems, both based on nicotinamide but functionally independent. The experimentally measured ratio [NAD+] / [NADH] is much higher than the ratio [NADP+] / [NADPH]. Thus, these two coenzyme systems also can operate within a cell at different redox potentials. A related generalization that ...
... reduction systems, both based on nicotinamide but functionally independent. The experimentally measured ratio [NAD+] / [NADH] is much higher than the ratio [NADP+] / [NADPH]. Thus, these two coenzyme systems also can operate within a cell at different redox potentials. A related generalization that ...
Molecular and General Genetics.
... system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a review see Costacurta and Vanderleyden 1995). No mutant str ...
... system of the host plant. This eect is thought to result from the production of auxin-like compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), by the bacterium, because application of IAA mimics the eect of inoculation with the bacteria (for a review see Costacurta and Vanderleyden 1995). No mutant str ...
Structure of bacterial luciferase
... Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the ~ subunit with that of the [3 subunit demonstrates that they share 32% sequence identity, and that the c~ subunit has 31 amino acid residues that are not present in the 13 subunit [2]. The apparent homology of the subunits has suggested that they should ha ...
... Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the ~ subunit with that of the [3 subunit demonstrates that they share 32% sequence identity, and that the c~ subunit has 31 amino acid residues that are not present in the 13 subunit [2]. The apparent homology of the subunits has suggested that they should ha ...
physiological reviews
... All the reactions leading to the formation of high energy bonds may be considered as oxidation-reduction processesin a broad sense.The oxidation-reduction may be an intramolecular reaction either in the substrate (e.g. 2-phosphoglycerate* phosphoenolpyruvate) or by participation of the cofactor (e.g ...
... All the reactions leading to the formation of high energy bonds may be considered as oxidation-reduction processesin a broad sense.The oxidation-reduction may be an intramolecular reaction either in the substrate (e.g. 2-phosphoglycerate* phosphoenolpyruvate) or by participation of the cofactor (e.g ...
URN:NBN:fi:jyu-20
... 2003a.) The other consequences include e.g. lowered peripheral metabolism (Ihsan et al. 2013), and decreased muscle soreness (Saeki 2002). Previous research has focused on the role of cryotherapy on indices of muscle damage following either an eccentric exercise (Eston & Peters 1999) or a single dyn ...
... 2003a.) The other consequences include e.g. lowered peripheral metabolism (Ihsan et al. 2013), and decreased muscle soreness (Saeki 2002). Previous research has focused on the role of cryotherapy on indices of muscle damage following either an eccentric exercise (Eston & Peters 1999) or a single dyn ...
16. Energy Metabolism
... the main users of energy. In that capacity the liver receives, by way of the portal circulation, the various small molecules arising from digestion, sorts them for metabolism and storage, and distributes some to the peripheral circulation for use by other tissues. To carry out those functions and to ...
... the main users of energy. In that capacity the liver receives, by way of the portal circulation, the various small molecules arising from digestion, sorts them for metabolism and storage, and distributes some to the peripheral circulation for use by other tissues. To carry out those functions and to ...
Module 3 Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
... pathway. It likely has no direct effect on PFK-1. D. * There are two sites on PFK-1 that bind ATP. One is the active site; the other is the regulatory site where inhibition occurs. E. None of the above 18. Choose from the below mentioned carbohydrates those, which contains a galactose: A. Hepatin B. ...
... pathway. It likely has no direct effect on PFK-1. D. * There are two sites on PFK-1 that bind ATP. One is the active site; the other is the regulatory site where inhibition occurs. E. None of the above 18. Choose from the below mentioned carbohydrates those, which contains a galactose: A. Hepatin B. ...
Metabolic and Contractile Protein Expression in Developing Rat
... citric acid cycle; 1-phosphofructokinase (PFK) aid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for glycolysis, and creatine kinase (CK) and adenylokinase (AK) for high-energy phosphate metabolism. These enzymes were selected either because of their rate-limiting roles in their respective pathways or because previou ...
... citric acid cycle; 1-phosphofructokinase (PFK) aid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for glycolysis, and creatine kinase (CK) and adenylokinase (AK) for high-energy phosphate metabolism. These enzymes were selected either because of their rate-limiting roles in their respective pathways or because previou ...
Module 1. General principles of metabolism. Metabolism of
... D. It speeds up a particular chemical reaction. E. * It occurs in only one type of cell. 77. An update of Fischer's lock and key theory of enzyme specificity view the _______ as the lock and _______ as the key. A. Enzyme; substrate B. Substrate; enzyme C. * Enzyme; transition state D. Transition sta ...
... D. It speeds up a particular chemical reaction. E. * It occurs in only one type of cell. 77. An update of Fischer's lock and key theory of enzyme specificity view the _______ as the lock and _______ as the key. A. Enzyme; substrate B. Substrate; enzyme C. * Enzyme; transition state D. Transition sta ...
Lactic Acid A - Journal of Neuroscience
... Pain hypersensitivity that results from infection, inflammation, or peripheral injury to tissue is collectively called inflammatory pain (Kopach et al., 2012). The development of pain hypersensitivity in response to inflammatory insults/stimuli is due to peripheral (Basbaum et al., 2009) and central ...
... Pain hypersensitivity that results from infection, inflammation, or peripheral injury to tissue is collectively called inflammatory pain (Kopach et al., 2012). The development of pain hypersensitivity in response to inflammatory insults/stimuli is due to peripheral (Basbaum et al., 2009) and central ...
Formatted - RESPIRATION
... This reaction is considered to be the committed reaction of glycolysis as this conversion is irreversible. Conversion of fructose-1,6-diphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate requires a different enzyme, phosphatase. Moreover, once fructose-1,6-diphosphate is formed, it is destined to be used further i ...
... This reaction is considered to be the committed reaction of glycolysis as this conversion is irreversible. Conversion of fructose-1,6-diphosphate into fructose-6-phosphate requires a different enzyme, phosphatase. Moreover, once fructose-1,6-diphosphate is formed, it is destined to be used further i ...
[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen
... stomach after ingestion, in a manner similar to aspirin. These features suggest that oral administration of propionate may be an effective method for noninvasive analysis of hepatic gluconeogenesis in humans. Although deployment of more hepatophilic tracers has minimized labeling contributions from ...
... stomach after ingestion, in a manner similar to aspirin. These features suggest that oral administration of propionate may be an effective method for noninvasive analysis of hepatic gluconeogenesis in humans. Although deployment of more hepatophilic tracers has minimized labeling contributions from ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.