Module 2 General principles of metabolism. Мetabolism of carbohy
... C. Prosthetic group D. Co-substrate E. Ingibitor ion 41. R-CH2OH + O2 > R-CHO + H2O2 which of the following types of enzymes catalyzes this reaction A. Dehydrogenase B. Oxidase C. * Peroxidase D. Aldolase E. Catalase 42. Some antibody molecules are enzymatic if they are formed against A. Enzymes B. ...
... C. Prosthetic group D. Co-substrate E. Ingibitor ion 41. R-CH2OH + O2 > R-CHO + H2O2 which of the following types of enzymes catalyzes this reaction A. Dehydrogenase B. Oxidase C. * Peroxidase D. Aldolase E. Catalase 42. Some antibody molecules are enzymatic if they are formed against A. Enzymes B. ...
The Biochemistry of Malic Acid Metabolism by Wine Yeasts
... and in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, cells of S. cerevisiae do not have functional mitochondria (Fraenkel, 1982), but cytosolic enzymes similar to those in the TCA cycle produce the necessary biosynthetic intermediates. The enzymatic reactions of the TCA cycle include the hydration ...
... and in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, cells of S. cerevisiae do not have functional mitochondria (Fraenkel, 1982), but cytosolic enzymes similar to those in the TCA cycle produce the necessary biosynthetic intermediates. The enzymatic reactions of the TCA cycle include the hydration ...
Structure and Function of Mammalian Ribosomes
... treatment with 0.5 ~-Kc1 were still competent in poly U-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, and, if supplied with the “KC1 extract”, these KCl-treated ribosomes were active in hemoglobin synthesis (Hamada, Yang, Heintz & Schweet, 1968; Yang, Hamada & Schweet, 1968). But, in these early studies the ...
... treatment with 0.5 ~-Kc1 were still competent in poly U-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, and, if supplied with the “KC1 extract”, these KCl-treated ribosomes were active in hemoglobin synthesis (Hamada, Yang, Heintz & Schweet, 1968; Yang, Hamada & Schweet, 1968). But, in these early studies the ...
Properties of shrew skeletal muscle
... for our measurements. In larger mammals, these muscles are typical slow- and fast-twitch muscles, respectively. The mechanical properties of muscles are generally correlated with their myosin chain compositions. In larger mammals, the myosins of the fast-twitch EDL muscle are predominantly composed ...
... for our measurements. In larger mammals, these muscles are typical slow- and fast-twitch muscles, respectively. The mechanical properties of muscles are generally correlated with their myosin chain compositions. In larger mammals, the myosins of the fast-twitch EDL muscle are predominantly composed ...
Muscle Tissue
... 1. The exchange of ADP for ATP 2. The release of myosin from actin and substantial reorientation of the lever arm of myosin. 3. Hydrolysis of ATP 4. allows the myosin head to rebind at a site displaced along the actin filament 5. The release of Pi accompanying this binding increases the strength of ...
... 1. The exchange of ADP for ATP 2. The release of myosin from actin and substantial reorientation of the lever arm of myosin. 3. Hydrolysis of ATP 4. allows the myosin head to rebind at a site displaced along the actin filament 5. The release of Pi accompanying this binding increases the strength of ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Glycolysis Lectures
... Hexokinase Control Hexokinase is inhibited by Glucose –6-P (its product). Indicates that the cell has sufficient energy supply. This will leave glucose in the blood. Special case of liver: glucokinase (an isozyme) not inhibited by glucose-6-P. Has a 50-fold LOWER affinity for glucose. Functions to ...
... Hexokinase Control Hexokinase is inhibited by Glucose –6-P (its product). Indicates that the cell has sufficient energy supply. This will leave glucose in the blood. Special case of liver: glucokinase (an isozyme) not inhibited by glucose-6-P. Has a 50-fold LOWER affinity for glucose. Functions to ...
Purification and properties of NADP +-dependent
... the Mono-P column (25 mM-bis-Tris/HCl, pH 6.3, 1 mM-fi-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM-MgCI,, 1 mM-EDTA). The dialysed active enzyme pool was applied at room temperature to a chromatofocusing column (Mono P) on the FPLC system. The adsorbed proteins were eluted through a pH gradient (pH 6.0-4-0), using Pharma ...
... the Mono-P column (25 mM-bis-Tris/HCl, pH 6.3, 1 mM-fi-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM-MgCI,, 1 mM-EDTA). The dialysed active enzyme pool was applied at room temperature to a chromatofocusing column (Mono P) on the FPLC system. The adsorbed proteins were eluted through a pH gradient (pH 6.0-4-0), using Pharma ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and the regulation of glucose oxidation in
... hypertrophied hearts is surprising because fatty acid oxidation rates are also low in these hearts [4,5]. Low rates of fatty acid oxidation would normally be expected to cause a compensatory stimulation of myocardial glucose oxidation and increased coupling [14]. Moreover, the increased production o ...
... hypertrophied hearts is surprising because fatty acid oxidation rates are also low in these hearts [4,5]. Low rates of fatty acid oxidation would normally be expected to cause a compensatory stimulation of myocardial glucose oxidation and increased coupling [14]. Moreover, the increased production o ...
REGULATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE AND GLYCEROL
... minimized to preserve sufficient glycogen as a winter fuel for metabolism and control lactate build-up. All these changes require timely enzymatic regulation, which may be accomplished by regulatory mechanisms such as reversible post-translational modification (PTM). ...
... minimized to preserve sufficient glycogen as a winter fuel for metabolism and control lactate build-up. All these changes require timely enzymatic regulation, which may be accomplished by regulatory mechanisms such as reversible post-translational modification (PTM). ...
Physiological and Chemical Properties of a
... 0 - 2 M-tes-KOH buffer, pH 6.8. To the mixtures was added 0.5 ml. of 10m~-5,5',dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) neutralized with NaOH to pH 7.0, and, after 30 min. at room temperature, the extinction at 412 nm. was read against water. The blank value was subtracted from the value obtained with the enz ...
... 0 - 2 M-tes-KOH buffer, pH 6.8. To the mixtures was added 0.5 ml. of 10m~-5,5',dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) neutralized with NaOH to pH 7.0, and, after 30 min. at room temperature, the extinction at 412 nm. was read against water. The blank value was subtracted from the value obtained with the enz ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... Carbon skeletons of most amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates. The end products of these catabolic pathways can serve directly as precursors for synthesis of G6P in cells that are capable of gluconeogenesis. In peripheral mammalian tissues, pyruvate formed from ...
... Carbon skeletons of most amino acids are catabolized to pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates. The end products of these catabolic pathways can serve directly as precursors for synthesis of G6P in cells that are capable of gluconeogenesis. In peripheral mammalian tissues, pyruvate formed from ...
- BioMedSearch
... introduced into potato (a C3 plant) in attempts to introduce an operating C4 photosynthetic pathway under the belief that the bacterial enzyme was not regulated [14]. The regulation of E. coli PEPS by AMP, ADP, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate, malate, ADP-glucose and 3phosphoglyceraldehyde has been re ...
... introduced into potato (a C3 plant) in attempts to introduce an operating C4 photosynthetic pathway under the belief that the bacterial enzyme was not regulated [14]. The regulation of E. coli PEPS by AMP, ADP, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate, malate, ADP-glucose and 3phosphoglyceraldehyde has been re ...
Nature template
... Calvin cycle and the synthesis of stearic acid (C18:0) were considered (see below, compare Fig. S2). Ambivalent enzyme functions are included and assumed to be present in B. napus plastids (both NADH- and NADPH dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase8-10 ; transaldolase together with sedo ...
... Calvin cycle and the synthesis of stearic acid (C18:0) were considered (see below, compare Fig. S2). Ambivalent enzyme functions are included and assumed to be present in B. napus plastids (both NADH- and NADPH dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase8-10 ; transaldolase together with sedo ...
Lecture 2- G6PD_Deficiency
... ~400 different mutations affect G6PD gene, but only some can cause clinical hemolytic anemia G6PD deficient patients have increased resistance to infestation by falciparum malaria ...
... ~400 different mutations affect G6PD gene, but only some can cause clinical hemolytic anemia G6PD deficient patients have increased resistance to infestation by falciparum malaria ...
Identification of catalytically essential amino acid residues and immobilization Rumex
... Broadening of the pH curve, shifts of pH-optimum and enhanced tolerance to unfavorable conditions are well known properties of many immobilized enzymes [7 ,2 7 ]. The fixed position of immobilized enzyme on the surface of the carrier is thought to prevent extensive distortion of the native conformat ...
... Broadening of the pH curve, shifts of pH-optimum and enhanced tolerance to unfavorable conditions are well known properties of many immobilized enzymes [7 ,2 7 ]. The fixed position of immobilized enzyme on the surface of the carrier is thought to prevent extensive distortion of the native conformat ...
Perspective: emerging evidence for signaling roles of mitochondrial
... carboxylation pathway can increase the levels of citric acid cycle intermediates, and this indicates that anaplerosis, the net synthesis of cycle intermediates, is important for insulin secretion. Increased cycle intermediates will alter mitochondrial processes, and, therefore, the synthesized inter ...
... carboxylation pathway can increase the levels of citric acid cycle intermediates, and this indicates that anaplerosis, the net synthesis of cycle intermediates, is important for insulin secretion. Increased cycle intermediates will alter mitochondrial processes, and, therefore, the synthesized inter ...
Engineering Acetyl Coenzyme A Supply: Functional Expression of a
... the mitochondrial matrix. However, in this yeast, acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondrion cannot meet the requirement for cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Instead, a separate pathway known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, which involves pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA ...
... the mitochondrial matrix. However, in this yeast, acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondrion cannot meet the requirement for cytosolic acetyl-CoA. Instead, a separate pathway known as the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, which involves pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA ...
CHAPTER 15 - GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND
... genetic diseases associated with abnormal glycogen metabolism. For example, McArdle’s disease is an inherited disease whose main symptom is muscle cramps on exertion. Although synthesized normally, glycogen breakdown is compromised resulting in inadequate supply to meet ATP needs during exertion. Gl ...
... genetic diseases associated with abnormal glycogen metabolism. For example, McArdle’s disease is an inherited disease whose main symptom is muscle cramps on exertion. Although synthesized normally, glycogen breakdown is compromised resulting in inadequate supply to meet ATP needs during exertion. Gl ...
Glucose utilization by Streptomyces griseus
... Much of the literature on actinomycete metabolism, including the relationship between carbohydrate utilization, hydrogen-ion concentration and mould growth, was reviewed by Waksman (1950). Surveys of the availability of carbon from various carbohydrates were made for a wide range of organisms (Pridh ...
... Much of the literature on actinomycete metabolism, including the relationship between carbohydrate utilization, hydrogen-ion concentration and mould growth, was reviewed by Waksman (1950). Surveys of the availability of carbon from various carbohydrates were made for a wide range of organisms (Pridh ...
Purification and Some: Characteristics of a Monomeric Racemase
... of other alanine racemases (2, 3, 9, 17) were unsuccessful. This was probably due to the very little amount of purified enzyme obtained, which was only 0.026mg (Table 1). Nevertheless, PLP requirement must be confirmed by further studies. As demonstrated in this study, the enz:lme from T. thermophil ...
... of other alanine racemases (2, 3, 9, 17) were unsuccessful. This was probably due to the very little amount of purified enzyme obtained, which was only 0.026mg (Table 1). Nevertheless, PLP requirement must be confirmed by further studies. As demonstrated in this study, the enz:lme from T. thermophil ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... oxidized, giving up protons (H) and electrons. The electrons are transferred to O2—the final electron acceptor—via a chain of electron-carrying molecules known as the respiratory chain. In the course of electron transfer, the large amount of energy released is conserved in the form of ATP, by a pro ...
... oxidized, giving up protons (H) and electrons. The electrons are transferred to O2—the final electron acceptor—via a chain of electron-carrying molecules known as the respiratory chain. In the course of electron transfer, the large amount of energy released is conserved in the form of ATP, by a pro ...
Physiology of Exercise
... Energy for muscular contraction is obtained predominantly by the oxidation in the mitochondria of threecarbon (pyruvate) and two-carbon (acetate) metabolic intermediaries from carbohydrate and fatty acid catabolism (Fig. 2.1). A small additional amount of energy comes from biochemical mechanisms in ...
... Energy for muscular contraction is obtained predominantly by the oxidation in the mitochondria of threecarbon (pyruvate) and two-carbon (acetate) metabolic intermediaries from carbohydrate and fatty acid catabolism (Fig. 2.1). A small additional amount of energy comes from biochemical mechanisms in ...
Glucose metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi
... instance, a cMDH [cytosolic MDH (malate dehydrogenase)] is not present in T. cruzi, having mutated to an l‑α‑aromatic hydroxyacid dehydrogenase that is unable to reduce oxaloacetate [13]. The enzymes converting glucose into 3‑phosphoglycerate are present inside the glycosome in T. cruzi, whereas the ...
... instance, a cMDH [cytosolic MDH (malate dehydrogenase)] is not present in T. cruzi, having mutated to an l‑α‑aromatic hydroxyacid dehydrogenase that is unable to reduce oxaloacetate [13]. The enzymes converting glucose into 3‑phosphoglycerate are present inside the glycosome in T. cruzi, whereas the ...
Chapter 8
... metabolites, notably AMP and ADP which are activators, and ATP and NADH which are inhibitors (also citrate, isocitrate, Mg and pH). ...
... metabolites, notably AMP and ADP which are activators, and ATP and NADH which are inhibitors (also citrate, isocitrate, Mg and pH). ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.