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... Pyruvate. Products of Glycolysis: 1. Net gain of 2 ATP (2 “spent”, 4 made) 2. NADH 3. 2 Pyruvate ...
... Pyruvate. Products of Glycolysis: 1. Net gain of 2 ATP (2 “spent”, 4 made) 2. NADH 3. 2 Pyruvate ...
Metabolic Fate of Glucose Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids
... • Most of the stored energy is in the form of fat which cannot be converted to glucose (except the glycerol of the TG). • Increased acetylCoA formation but lack of oxaloacetate results in the formation of ketone bodies whose levels go up ...
... • Most of the stored energy is in the form of fat which cannot be converted to glucose (except the glycerol of the TG). • Increased acetylCoA formation but lack of oxaloacetate results in the formation of ketone bodies whose levels go up ...
Chapter 15 Cori and Alanine Cycles: Cori Cycle: Occurs between
... fuel and RBC rely on glucose as their only fuel. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. The major carbon sources for glucose synthesis are: Lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, glycerol, and other sugars (fructose, galactose, etc.) ****Note- Acetyl-CoA is not a carbo ...
... fuel and RBC rely on glucose as their only fuel. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. The major carbon sources for glucose synthesis are: Lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, glycerol, and other sugars (fructose, galactose, etc.) ****Note- Acetyl-CoA is not a carbo ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) ...
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... Glycolysis starts and ends in the cytoplasm of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells An energy investment of ATP starts glycolysis ...
... Glycolysis starts and ends in the cytoplasm of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells An energy investment of ATP starts glycolysis ...
Muscles
... short term intense activities such as sprinting. The production of high concentrations of glucose by the breakdown of glycogen followed by glycolysis and anaerobic respiration results in the production of ATP at a rate faster than can be achieved by the TCA cycle and the cytochrome chain. Anerobic r ...
... short term intense activities such as sprinting. The production of high concentrations of glucose by the breakdown of glycogen followed by glycolysis and anaerobic respiration results in the production of ATP at a rate faster than can be achieved by the TCA cycle and the cytochrome chain. Anerobic r ...
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... 20-fold in liver. The activities of a number of other mitochondrialenzymes,including those of the respiratory chain, also increasesignificantly in responseto thyroxine but to a lesser extent (3-5), while still othersappearto be unaffectedby hyperthyroidism (3). Electron microscopicstudieshave shown ...
... 20-fold in liver. The activities of a number of other mitochondrialenzymes,including those of the respiratory chain, also increasesignificantly in responseto thyroxine but to a lesser extent (3-5), while still othersappearto be unaffectedby hyperthyroidism (3). Electron microscopicstudieshave shown ...
Cellular Respiration
... the membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy to join ADP and a phosphate group ATP ...
... the membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy to join ADP and a phosphate group ATP ...
Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor glycolysis
... The production of 13CO2 in the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase potentially provides a measure of net flux into the PPP. Measurements with [1,2-13C]glucose showed that ~7% of labeled lactate was produced via the PPP, which is comparable with a measu ...
... The production of 13CO2 in the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed by 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase potentially provides a measure of net flux into the PPP. Measurements with [1,2-13C]glucose showed that ~7% of labeled lactate was produced via the PPP, which is comparable with a measu ...
Effect of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract on Gluconeogenesis in
... Emblica officinalis (Amla), known as Indian gooseberry, has been used extensively in the ancient Indian Ayurveda as a potent rasayana i.e. a herbal formulation that helps attain longevity and rejuvenation. Administration of Emblica officinalis fruit extract to allaxon induced diabetic mice showed in ...
... Emblica officinalis (Amla), known as Indian gooseberry, has been used extensively in the ancient Indian Ayurveda as a potent rasayana i.e. a herbal formulation that helps attain longevity and rejuvenation. Administration of Emblica officinalis fruit extract to allaxon induced diabetic mice showed in ...
Lect 1 (Metabolic Pathways) Lect 2 (Enzymes) Lect 3 (Glucose
... proteases, AA sequences, ubiquitination by ubiquitin, metabolites, and hormones. Reg of enzymes by location: glucose-6phosphatase is found in liver & kidneys but not muscles. Makes G6P into Glucose, it’s only found in gluconeogenic tissues. Creatine kinase is found mainly in muscle as an immediate s ...
... proteases, AA sequences, ubiquitination by ubiquitin, metabolites, and hormones. Reg of enzymes by location: glucose-6phosphatase is found in liver & kidneys but not muscles. Makes G6P into Glucose, it’s only found in gluconeogenic tissues. Creatine kinase is found mainly in muscle as an immediate s ...
Determination of Pyruvate Oxidation Rate and Citric Acid Cycle
... of lactate or pyruvate (or both) in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (or both). The mean clinical features of patients suffering from these disorders are mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, and convulsions (1). Measuring pyruvate oxidation rate in leukocytes and fibroblasts can be helpful in the dia ...
... of lactate or pyruvate (or both) in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (or both). The mean clinical features of patients suffering from these disorders are mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, and convulsions (1). Measuring pyruvate oxidation rate in leukocytes and fibroblasts can be helpful in the dia ...
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an
... mammary gland, and adipose tissue Its cofactor requirements include NADPH, ATP, Mn2+, biotin, and HCO3 (as a source of CO2). Acetyl- CoA is the immediate substrate, and free palmitate is the end product. Production of Malonyl-CoA Is the Initial & Controlling Step in Fatty Acid Synthesis Bicarbonat ...
... mammary gland, and adipose tissue Its cofactor requirements include NADPH, ATP, Mn2+, biotin, and HCO3 (as a source of CO2). Acetyl- CoA is the immediate substrate, and free palmitate is the end product. Production of Malonyl-CoA Is the Initial & Controlling Step in Fatty Acid Synthesis Bicarbonat ...
Metabolism
... • Blood glucose may also come from indirect sources (i.e., lactate). • Because skeletal muscle is the largest tissue containing enzymes of glycolysis, much of the glucose-to-lactate conversion is thought to occur in muscle. • Approximately 60% of the liver glycogen synthesis is by the direct pathway ...
... • Blood glucose may also come from indirect sources (i.e., lactate). • Because skeletal muscle is the largest tissue containing enzymes of glycolysis, much of the glucose-to-lactate conversion is thought to occur in muscle. • Approximately 60% of the liver glycogen synthesis is by the direct pathway ...
Slide 1
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
Cellular Respiration
... Fermentation Produces ATP w/out O2 Fermentation: generates 2 ATP by substrate-level ...
... Fermentation Produces ATP w/out O2 Fermentation: generates 2 ATP by substrate-level ...
D-Lactic Acidosis Presenting in Crohn's Disease with Short Bowel Syndrome Discussion Abstract
... *Symptoms typically occur after ingestion of a highcarbohydrate meal being metabolized by the colon rather than the small bowel-with subsequent absorption into circulation and systemic acidemia. *D-lactate accumulates as L-lactate dehydrogenase is unable to convert this type of lactate into pyruvate ...
... *Symptoms typically occur after ingestion of a highcarbohydrate meal being metabolized by the colon rather than the small bowel-with subsequent absorption into circulation and systemic acidemia. *D-lactate accumulates as L-lactate dehydrogenase is unable to convert this type of lactate into pyruvate ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... oxygen to the mitochondria. Table 18.4 shows the ATP yield from the complete oxidation of glucose. For every molecule of glucose converted to CO2 : 2 mols of ATP are generated by glycolysis, 2 mol of ATP by the operation of the citric acid cycle and the remaining 26 mol ATP by oxidative phosphorylat ...
... oxygen to the mitochondria. Table 18.4 shows the ATP yield from the complete oxidation of glucose. For every molecule of glucose converted to CO2 : 2 mols of ATP are generated by glycolysis, 2 mol of ATP by the operation of the citric acid cycle and the remaining 26 mol ATP by oxidative phosphorylat ...
01_Introduction. Structure, properties and biological functions
... Enzymes taking part in phosphorylation are called protein kinases Enzymes taking part in dephosphorylation are called phosphatases ...
... Enzymes taking part in phosphorylation are called protein kinases Enzymes taking part in dephosphorylation are called phosphatases ...
21. glycolysis
... Human phosphoglucoisomerase (MW = 134,000) is a dimer of identical subunits and requires Mg2+ for activity. It is specific for glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. An interesting sidelight of this enzyme is that it binds the α- pyranose form of glucose 6-phosphate, but the open chain form o ...
... Human phosphoglucoisomerase (MW = 134,000) is a dimer of identical subunits and requires Mg2+ for activity. It is specific for glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. An interesting sidelight of this enzyme is that it binds the α- pyranose form of glucose 6-phosphate, but the open chain form o ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
... •Insensitive to Cyanide, Azide or CO •Sensitive to SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid,) •Also found in fungi, trypanosomes & Plasmodium ...
Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
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A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.