Gluconeogenesis • The biosynthesis of glucose
... • In muscle: Occurs when our energy needs deplete our oxygen supply; we then switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. -exercising • If you are intensely exercising, your muscles are: -Using up glucose through glycolysis -Using up NAD+ through glycolysis -Producing pyruvate, which cann ...
... • In muscle: Occurs when our energy needs deplete our oxygen supply; we then switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. -exercising • If you are intensely exercising, your muscles are: -Using up glucose through glycolysis -Using up NAD+ through glycolysis -Producing pyruvate, which cann ...
Cellular Respiration
... The second stage in aerobic respiration is the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondria. Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. The Acetyl-CoA is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2. ...
... The second stage in aerobic respiration is the Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondria. Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. The Acetyl-CoA is broken down to form CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... How is cytosolic NADH reoxidized under aerobic conditions? NADH cannot simply pass into mitochondria for oxidation by the respiratory chain, because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH and NAD+. The solution is that electrons from NADH, rather than NADH itself, are carried across ...
... How is cytosolic NADH reoxidized under aerobic conditions? NADH cannot simply pass into mitochondria for oxidation by the respiratory chain, because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH and NAD+. The solution is that electrons from NADH, rather than NADH itself, are carried across ...
Appendix B HISS Codes for Metabolic Investigations
... Suitable samples for more wide ranging investigations MUST be collected in the acute phase, if the diagnostic window is not to be missed. When further samples, e.g. hypoglycaemia investigations, are collected during the acute presentation, it is essential that any necessary acute pre-analytical hand ...
... Suitable samples for more wide ranging investigations MUST be collected in the acute phase, if the diagnostic window is not to be missed. When further samples, e.g. hypoglycaemia investigations, are collected during the acute presentation, it is essential that any necessary acute pre-analytical hand ...
enzyme names end in “ase”
... key, where the lock is complimentary to the key. As the E and S bind, they form the EnzymeSubstrate complex (ES). This is an intermediate in the reaction that will cause S to be changed into a product (P). The enzyme acts as a sort of scaffold, holding the substrate so that one specific reaction may ...
... key, where the lock is complimentary to the key. As the E and S bind, they form the EnzymeSubstrate complex (ES). This is an intermediate in the reaction that will cause S to be changed into a product (P). The enzyme acts as a sort of scaffold, holding the substrate so that one specific reaction may ...
Glycolysis - Rose
... remember, however, that energy generation is not the only purpose of the pathway, and that in many cell types the formation of glucose metabolites with critical biological roles is as important as the energy produced during the pathway. Overview of Glycolysis Under anaerobic conditions, the glycolyt ...
... remember, however, that energy generation is not the only purpose of the pathway, and that in many cell types the formation of glucose metabolites with critical biological roles is as important as the energy produced during the pathway. Overview of Glycolysis Under anaerobic conditions, the glycolyt ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical energy
... lactate (lactic acid) Fermenters such as lactobacillus acidophillus can ferment milk, butter milk, cheese, yogurt ...
... lactate (lactic acid) Fermenters such as lactobacillus acidophillus can ferment milk, butter milk, cheese, yogurt ...
Protocol: AC (Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide) - Mid
... • Delay if neutrophils < 1.5 x 109/L or platelets < 100 x 109/L • Loading dose of Trastuzumab once • Chlorpheniramine 10 mg iv pre-Trastuzumab if required • Pre-medication dexamethasone 8mg bd oral, for three days, starting 1 day prior Toxicities: Myelosuppression and risk of neutropenic sepsis or h ...
... • Delay if neutrophils < 1.5 x 109/L or platelets < 100 x 109/L • Loading dose of Trastuzumab once • Chlorpheniramine 10 mg iv pre-Trastuzumab if required • Pre-medication dexamethasone 8mg bd oral, for three days, starting 1 day prior Toxicities: Myelosuppression and risk of neutropenic sepsis or h ...
Lesson 23. Clinical enzymology
... Enzymes used to measure tissue damage are present in nearly all cells with varying concentration. So the measurement may indicate an abnormality, but the specific diagnosis cannot be made. For example if there is circulatory failure after a cardiac arrest very high plasma levels of enzymes originati ...
... Enzymes used to measure tissue damage are present in nearly all cells with varying concentration. So the measurement may indicate an abnormality, but the specific diagnosis cannot be made. For example if there is circulatory failure after a cardiac arrest very high plasma levels of enzymes originati ...
Protocol: Carboplatin/Gemcitabine Indications: Lung Cancer (non
... Administration and safety: • Anti-emetic group – Moderately high • Delay if neutrophils < 1.5 x 109/L or platelets < 100 x 109/L • Ensure adequate renal function • Etoposide 100mg bd oral may be substituted on days 2 & 3 • Carboplatin dose by EDTA or creatinine clearance. If calculated using formula ...
... Administration and safety: • Anti-emetic group – Moderately high • Delay if neutrophils < 1.5 x 109/L or platelets < 100 x 109/L • Ensure adequate renal function • Etoposide 100mg bd oral may be substituted on days 2 & 3 • Carboplatin dose by EDTA or creatinine clearance. If calculated using formula ...
Bacterial Fermentation
... Ethanol is also used as a raw material in the chemical industry for various purposes and as an additive to fuel (Table 1). However, yeasts are very susceptible to ethanol inhibition. Concentrations of 1–2% (w/v) are sufficient to retard growth, and at 10% growth is inhibited. Therefore, for production ...
... Ethanol is also used as a raw material in the chemical industry for various purposes and as an additive to fuel (Table 1). However, yeasts are very susceptible to ethanol inhibition. Concentrations of 1–2% (w/v) are sufficient to retard growth, and at 10% growth is inhibited. Therefore, for production ...
Myotrophin PMG Tabsheet
... While magnesium is present in most cells in only minute quantities, it plays an important role in human metabolism, as does its partner, calcium. It functions in such reactions as nerve conduction and nerve excitability, transfer of energy, muscular activity, and many other specific processes. Magne ...
... While magnesium is present in most cells in only minute quantities, it plays an important role in human metabolism, as does its partner, calcium. It functions in such reactions as nerve conduction and nerve excitability, transfer of energy, muscular activity, and many other specific processes. Magne ...
ADP
... Pentose phosphate pathway is a process in which ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH+H+ are yielded accompanying the degradation of glucose, and then ribose-5 phosphate can turn to glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate further. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH , reduced fo ...
... Pentose phosphate pathway is a process in which ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH+H+ are yielded accompanying the degradation of glucose, and then ribose-5 phosphate can turn to glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate further. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH , reduced fo ...
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... esophageal cancer. However, ethanol consumption with they are less likely to have harmful chemical higher risk of acetaldehyde alcohol addiction problems’ intermediates, and hence play toxicity in ALDH2 deficient an important role in cell survival. They individuals 7. But whilst the outlook seems to ...
... esophageal cancer. However, ethanol consumption with they are less likely to have harmful chemical higher risk of acetaldehyde alcohol addiction problems’ intermediates, and hence play toxicity in ALDH2 deficient an important role in cell survival. They individuals 7. But whilst the outlook seems to ...
Ch8_CellularRespiration
... • 2 molecules of ATP are required for glycolysis, while 4 are produced, for a net gain of 2 ATPs. • Glycolysis supplies some energy, its product (pyruvate) can be broken down ...
... • 2 molecules of ATP are required for glycolysis, while 4 are produced, for a net gain of 2 ATPs. • Glycolysis supplies some energy, its product (pyruvate) can be broken down ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... The Glyoxylate Cycle • Pathway for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in plants, bacteria and yeast (not animals) • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl C ...
... The Glyoxylate Cycle • Pathway for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in plants, bacteria and yeast (not animals) • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl C ...
Lactic Acidosis: Recognition, Kinetics, and Associated Prognosis
... (DO2) is insufficient to meet cellular demand. In this classic type A lactic acidosis, flux through the glycolytic pathway increases, leading to an accumulation of pyruvate. In a low oxygen tension state, pyruvate does not enter the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia has been known ...
... (DO2) is insufficient to meet cellular demand. In this classic type A lactic acidosis, flux through the glycolytic pathway increases, leading to an accumulation of pyruvate. In a low oxygen tension state, pyruvate does not enter the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia has been known ...
Lab 7 PPT - Dr Magrann
... • During glycolysis, we have to get rid of a hydrogen (H+), but almost no one wants to carry that burden. • There is a guy named NAD who is willing to accept this burden. When he takes on the H+, he is reduced. If his H+ burden is removed by someone else, he feels good, and is oxidized! • All of NAD ...
... • During glycolysis, we have to get rid of a hydrogen (H+), but almost no one wants to carry that burden. • There is a guy named NAD who is willing to accept this burden. When he takes on the H+, he is reduced. If his H+ burden is removed by someone else, he feels good, and is oxidized! • All of NAD ...
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle
... Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ----> Malate + NAD+ Malate + NADP+ ----> Pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ • The Th the th nett effect ff t off these th two t reactions ti is i replacement of NADH by NADPH • While Whil th there iis some NADPH produced d db by thi this means, its principal source is the pentose p ...
... Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ----> Malate + NAD+ Malate + NADP+ ----> Pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ • The Th the th nett effect ff t off these th two t reactions ti is i replacement of NADH by NADPH • While Whil th there iis some NADPH produced d db by thi this means, its principal source is the pentose p ...
Malate Dehydrogenase
... confirmed. The active sites of these two enzymes contain similarly oriented His-Asp pairs linked by a hydrogen bond which may function as a proton relay system during catalysis. This pair could also provide an explanation for the relatively stronger binding by cMDH and LDH of NADH versus NAD. Peroxi ...
... confirmed. The active sites of these two enzymes contain similarly oriented His-Asp pairs linked by a hydrogen bond which may function as a proton relay system during catalysis. This pair could also provide an explanation for the relatively stronger binding by cMDH and LDH of NADH versus NAD. Peroxi ...
Related Metabolic Processes
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.