Second Half of Glycolysis
... four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH. Two ATP molecules were used in the first half of the pathway to prepare the six-carbon ring for cleavage, so the cell has a net gain of two ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules for its use. If the cell cannot catabolize the pyruvate molecules further, it w ...
... four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH. Two ATP molecules were used in the first half of the pathway to prepare the six-carbon ring for cleavage, so the cell has a net gain of two ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules for its use. If the cell cannot catabolize the pyruvate molecules further, it w ...
Cellular respiration
... from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the ...
... from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... Low levels of ADP, Pi, oxygen, and NADH that decrease electron transport activity. ...
... Low levels of ADP, Pi, oxygen, and NADH that decrease electron transport activity. ...
Bioenergetics, glycolysis, metabolism of monosaccharides and
... 99% of monosaccharides are predominantly found in a ring (cyclic) form in solution. The aldehyde (or keto) group has reacted with an alcohol group on the same sugar, making the carbonyl carbon (carbon 1 for an aldose or carbon 2 for a ketose) asymmetric. This a symmetric carbon is referred to as ano ...
... 99% of monosaccharides are predominantly found in a ring (cyclic) form in solution. The aldehyde (or keto) group has reacted with an alcohol group on the same sugar, making the carbonyl carbon (carbon 1 for an aldose or carbon 2 for a ketose) asymmetric. This a symmetric carbon is referred to as ano ...
File - Mr. Doyle SUIS Science
... (phosphoglyceraldehyde). Two ATP have now been invested in the reactions. ...
... (phosphoglyceraldehyde). Two ATP have now been invested in the reactions. ...
PowerPoint lecture
... (phosphoglyceraldehyde). Two ATP have now been invested in the reactions. ...
... (phosphoglyceraldehyde). Two ATP have now been invested in the reactions. ...
BioCore II lecture20-S2015
... Explain how a circular pathway, such as the citric acid cycle, fundamentally differs from a linear pathway, such as glycolysis Describe how pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, is prepared for entry into the citric acid cycle ...
... Explain how a circular pathway, such as the citric acid cycle, fundamentally differs from a linear pathway, such as glycolysis Describe how pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, is prepared for entry into the citric acid cycle ...
LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... Energy from macromolecules is released by cellular respiration. Initial breakdown of macromolecules produces simple sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids. Subsequent gradual oxidation of the fuel molecules by removal of electrons from C-C and C-H bonds releases energy: Energy conversions lo ...
... Energy from macromolecules is released by cellular respiration. Initial breakdown of macromolecules produces simple sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids. Subsequent gradual oxidation of the fuel molecules by removal of electrons from C-C and C-H bonds releases energy: Energy conversions lo ...
Cellular Respiration
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
Cellular Respiration
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
Chapter 7
... the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer. ...
... the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer. ...
Text S1
... to the very few ATP molecules required) would lead to a high uptake of glucose (7 molecules of glucose per one molecule of palmitate), whose complete oxidation would generate ATP in excess in the proliferating cell [1]. Thus, as a counteraction, the cells resort to enhanced glycolysis and lactate se ...
... to the very few ATP molecules required) would lead to a high uptake of glucose (7 molecules of glucose per one molecule of palmitate), whose complete oxidation would generate ATP in excess in the proliferating cell [1]. Thus, as a counteraction, the cells resort to enhanced glycolysis and lactate se ...
metabolomic and computational systems analysis
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
Energy Metabolism Review
... Lactic Acid Fermentation o The product of Lactic Acid fermentation, lactic acid o This is the "burn" felt when undergoing strenuous activity ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation o The product of Lactic Acid fermentation, lactic acid o This is the "burn" felt when undergoing strenuous activity ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... • Muscle lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate • This reaction regenerates NAD+ for use by glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liver • Liver lactate dehydrogenase can reconvert lactate to pyruva ...
... • Muscle lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate • This reaction regenerates NAD+ for use by glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liver • Liver lactate dehydrogenase can reconvert lactate to pyruva ...
FEBS Letters
... identified. The evidence for the transport of glutamate mainly stems from [4-61 that carbon catabolism proceeds via the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle and that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle do not operate in heterocysts. However, evidence has recently been accumulated from experimen ...
... identified. The evidence for the transport of glutamate mainly stems from [4-61 that carbon catabolism proceeds via the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle and that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle do not operate in heterocysts. However, evidence has recently been accumulated from experimen ...
Intended Use
... Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from L-aspartate to -Ketoglutarate to yield oxalacetate and L-glutamate. The oxalacetate undergoes reduction with simultaneous oxidation of NADH to NAD in the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzed indicator reaction. The resu ...
... Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) catalyzes the transfer of the amino group from L-aspartate to -Ketoglutarate to yield oxalacetate and L-glutamate. The oxalacetate undergoes reduction with simultaneous oxidation of NADH to NAD in the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzed indicator reaction. The resu ...
09 Respiration
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. – In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. – Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP ...
... produce ATP without the help of oxygen • Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons to any electron acceptor, not just to oxygen. – In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate molecules with NAD+ as the oxidizing agent, not O2. – Some energy from this oxidation produces 2 ATP ...
finalcarbohydrat met..
... converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isomaltose [a disaccharide in which two glucose molecules are attach ...
... converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isomaltose [a disaccharide in which two glucose molecules are attach ...
Phenyllactic Acid: A Potential Antimicrobial Compound in Lactic acid
... exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. Among the nonLABs, Bacillus coagulans and Brevibacterium lactofermentum produced high amounts of PhLA. In general, PPA is converted to PhLA by LDHs present in LAB and therefore the studies were carried out on cloning and expression of native or site- ...
... exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action. Among the nonLABs, Bacillus coagulans and Brevibacterium lactofermentum produced high amounts of PhLA. In general, PPA is converted to PhLA by LDHs present in LAB and therefore the studies were carried out on cloning and expression of native or site- ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The electron transport chain accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up to 32 molecules of ATP ...
... • The electron transport chain accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up to 32 molecules of ATP ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... Two ATP produced per glucose molecule during fermentation gives (2 x 7.3)= 14.6 kcal Complete glucose breakdown to CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration = 686 kcal of energy Efficiency is 14.6/686 x 100 = 2.1% Much less efficient than complete breakdown of glucose ...
... Two ATP produced per glucose molecule during fermentation gives (2 x 7.3)= 14.6 kcal Complete glucose breakdown to CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration = 686 kcal of energy Efficiency is 14.6/686 x 100 = 2.1% Much less efficient than complete breakdown of glucose ...
PFK-2
... • Glucokinase is found in liver and b-cells of pancreas • Glucokinase allows liver to respond to blood glucose levels • It has a high Km, so it does not become saturated till very high levels of glucose are reached • At low glucose levels, very little taken up by liver, so is spared for other tissue ...
... • Glucokinase is found in liver and b-cells of pancreas • Glucokinase allows liver to respond to blood glucose levels • It has a high Km, so it does not become saturated till very high levels of glucose are reached • At low glucose levels, very little taken up by liver, so is spared for other tissue ...
Improved metabolic process control by analysis of genetic clone
... as long as possible by shifts in the external conditions [25] and genetic architecture of the cells [26]. Differences between clones make a generalization of a simple model difficult and may lead to the situation where even after validation in one process the benefit of application is restricted to ...
... as long as possible by shifts in the external conditions [25] and genetic architecture of the cells [26]. Differences between clones make a generalization of a simple model difficult and may lead to the situation where even after validation in one process the benefit of application is restricted to ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes). LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back, as it converts NADH to NAD+ and back. A dehydrogenase is an enzyme that transfers a hydride from one molecule to another.LDH exist in four distinct enzyme classes. This article is about the common NAD(P)-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase. Other LDHs act on D-lactate and/or are dependent on cytochrome c: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)) and L-lactate (L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)). LDH has been of medical significance because it is found extensively in body tissues, such as blood cells and heart muscle. Because it is released during tissue damage, it is a marker of common injuries and disease such as heart failure.