Strongly increasing heat extremes in the Middle East and North
... 2050, i.e., slightly less for the RCP4.5 and slightly higher than 2 °C for the RCP8.5 scenario. Figure 2 indicates that the 2 °C approximately coincides with the mid-century warming in the MENA during winter in the RCP4.5 scenario, albeit that IPCC (2013) relates to pre-industrial times while Fig. 2 ...
... 2050, i.e., slightly less for the RCP4.5 and slightly higher than 2 °C for the RCP8.5 scenario. Figure 2 indicates that the 2 °C approximately coincides with the mid-century warming in the MENA during winter in the RCP4.5 scenario, albeit that IPCC (2013) relates to pre-industrial times while Fig. 2 ...
The impacts of climate change on the abundance and
... considerations for reproductive diapause and influence of fruit quality or viability. The principle environmental driver for the model is temperature and key biological mechanisms such as mortality, fecundity and development rates (for each life stage) have been parameterized wherever possible using ...
... considerations for reproductive diapause and influence of fruit quality or viability. The principle environmental driver for the model is temperature and key biological mechanisms such as mortality, fecundity and development rates (for each life stage) have been parameterized wherever possible using ...
Assignment Discovery Online Curriculum Lesson title: Weather
... above.) Then have students work in pairs to give a weather report for a city in a different part of the country. This information, including a local Doppler radar image, is available at weather.com by entering the city and state at the top of the page. Students should report on current conditions, s ...
... above.) Then have students work in pairs to give a weather report for a city in a different part of the country. This information, including a local Doppler radar image, is available at weather.com by entering the city and state at the top of the page. Students should report on current conditions, s ...
Downscaling reveals diverse effects of anthropogenic
... part, the complexity of the disease and the fact that parasite transmission by mosquito vectors is influenced by a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Lafferty 2009). However, uncertainty also remains because analyses are often conducted across different scales, with inconsistencies in matchin ...
... part, the complexity of the disease and the fact that parasite transmission by mosquito vectors is influenced by a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Lafferty 2009). However, uncertainty also remains because analyses are often conducted across different scales, with inconsistencies in matchin ...
Comparing modelled fire dynamics with charcoal records for the
... Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 10◦ (latitude), the JSBACH model runs on higher spatial ...
... Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 10◦ (latitude), the JSBACH model runs on higher spatial ...
Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5
... 2010; Seager et al., 2010; Wright et al., 2010). Other, observationally based work has examined changes in surface relative humidity. Gaffen and Ross (1999) found that relative humidity increased in the northern interior US from 1961– 1995, but slightly (non-significantly) decreased during summer an ...
... 2010; Seager et al., 2010; Wright et al., 2010). Other, observationally based work has examined changes in surface relative humidity. Gaffen and Ross (1999) found that relative humidity increased in the northern interior US from 1961– 1995, but slightly (non-significantly) decreased during summer an ...
Changes in the distribution of multispecies pest assemblages
... incorporate interspecific trade-off relationships in different environments revealed a powerful approach to provide predictions about the response of an assemblage of interacting species to future environmental changes and their impact on process rates. Keywords: agricultural pests, climate change, ...
... incorporate interspecific trade-off relationships in different environments revealed a powerful approach to provide predictions about the response of an assemblage of interacting species to future environmental changes and their impact on process rates. Keywords: agricultural pests, climate change, ...
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN:
... certainly causing climate change. [3].This study therefore is interested in establishing a possible model which shows the effect of global warming on climate change, based on the coefficients obtained from the climatic factors considered. This will help in taking the issue of climate change serious ...
... certainly causing climate change. [3].This study therefore is interested in establishing a possible model which shows the effect of global warming on climate change, based on the coefficients obtained from the climatic factors considered. This will help in taking the issue of climate change serious ...
Climate hypersensitivity to solar forcing?
... In the ocean, the meridional mixing rate, and the vertical mixing rate between the cold water sphere and the warmer surface layer regions, are both observationally determined. In addition, surface water sinks poleward of a speci®ed isotherm (2.0 C in the northern polar region, and ÿ0.5 C in the ...
... In the ocean, the meridional mixing rate, and the vertical mixing rate between the cold water sphere and the warmer surface layer regions, are both observationally determined. In addition, surface water sinks poleward of a speci®ed isotherm (2.0 C in the northern polar region, and ÿ0.5 C in the ...
Dan McEvoy
... • Used for research and operational forecasting (i.e. National Weather Service) • It is a supported “community model”, i.e. a free and shared resource with distributed development and centralized support • Integrates atmospheric flow equations (i.e. Navier-Stokes) through time using a Eulerian frame ...
... • Used for research and operational forecasting (i.e. National Weather Service) • It is a supported “community model”, i.e. a free and shared resource with distributed development and centralized support • Integrates atmospheric flow equations (i.e. Navier-Stokes) through time using a Eulerian frame ...
Blanket peat biome endangered by climate change
... with labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), bog laurel (Kalmia spp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)11 . Other cushion-forming species, such as asterid (Donatia fascicularis), oreob (Oreobolus obtusangulus) and astelia (Astelia pumila) dominate blanket bog in Patagonia12 . A different asterid (Donatia ...
... with labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), bog laurel (Kalmia spp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)11 . Other cushion-forming species, such as asterid (Donatia fascicularis), oreob (Oreobolus obtusangulus) and astelia (Astelia pumila) dominate blanket bog in Patagonia12 . A different asterid (Donatia ...
Karen M. Shell Associate Professor, Atmospheric Science Climate
... WWW: oregonstate.edu/~shellk ...
... WWW: oregonstate.edu/~shellk ...
Climate Variability and Weather
... In a GCM, the atmosphere is represented on a three dimensional grid. The spacing between the points in the grid is called the ‘resolution’. A typical spacing in both the latitude and longitude directions is currently around 150 km. Variables such as temperature and humidity describe the state of the ...
... In a GCM, the atmosphere is represented on a three dimensional grid. The spacing between the points in the grid is called the ‘resolution’. A typical spacing in both the latitude and longitude directions is currently around 150 km. Variables such as temperature and humidity describe the state of the ...
Northern African climate at the end of the twenty
... precipitation of two tests simulations for the twentieth century. The regional model is configured exactly the same for these tests, except in test_1, the NOAH land-surface model (Chen and Dudhia 2001), Monin-Obukhov surface scheme (Monin and Obukhov 1954), and Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boun ...
... precipitation of two tests simulations for the twentieth century. The regional model is configured exactly the same for these tests, except in test_1, the NOAH land-surface model (Chen and Dudhia 2001), Monin-Obukhov surface scheme (Monin and Obukhov 1954), and Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boun ...
The Optical Imaging Instruments and Their Applications
... Climate models predict that this increase in carbon dioxide will cause an increase in global temperatures, although the exact scale and pattern of this effect is unclear. Owing to its relative stability, Sea-Surface Temperature is a particularly important geophysical parameter for the understanding ...
... Climate models predict that this increase in carbon dioxide will cause an increase in global temperatures, although the exact scale and pattern of this effect is unclear. Owing to its relative stability, Sea-Surface Temperature is a particularly important geophysical parameter for the understanding ...
Earth System Modeling—An Integrated Assessment Tool for Environmental Studies R. A. P
... change is accelerating (Fig. 2). O’Brien (2000) provides additional information on the accelerating rate of tropical deforestation. Pitman and Zhao (2000), and Chase et al. (1996, 2000a) have presented results that indicate a substantial effect on the Earth’s atmospheric circulation thousands of kil ...
... change is accelerating (Fig. 2). O’Brien (2000) provides additional information on the accelerating rate of tropical deforestation. Pitman and Zhao (2000), and Chase et al. (1996, 2000a) have presented results that indicate a substantial effect on the Earth’s atmospheric circulation thousands of kil ...
Numerical Methods
... The function here is f(x) = 2 x3 + 5 x From calculus we can obtain f’(x) = 6 x2 + 5 and so the exact solution for f’(2) is 6*22 + 5 = 29.0000 We see that the error in the CDA is 29.0002 – 29.0000 = 0.0002 ...
... The function here is f(x) = 2 x3 + 5 x From calculus we can obtain f’(x) = 6 x2 + 5 and so the exact solution for f’(2) is 6*22 + 5 = 29.0000 We see that the error in the CDA is 29.0002 – 29.0000 = 0.0002 ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.