Clouds and Climate
... planetary climate system. This section discusses some of those involving clouds. Feedback Loops in General A feedback is a process that responds to a system change by enhancing or diminishing the change. When a fraction of the output from a system feeds back to the system, it either speeds it up (po ...
... planetary climate system. This section discusses some of those involving clouds. Feedback Loops in General A feedback is a process that responds to a system change by enhancing or diminishing the change. When a fraction of the output from a system feeds back to the system, it either speeds it up (po ...
6 Vegetation Responses to Climate Change in the Alps: Modeling
... computer-based simulation models have been developed for assessing terrestrial ecosystems' response to anticipated climate change. They differ in their spatial scale and resolution, in the level of detail at which they work, and also in whether and how they treat vegetation's variability and tempora ...
... computer-based simulation models have been developed for assessing terrestrial ecosystems' response to anticipated climate change. They differ in their spatial scale and resolution, in the level of detail at which they work, and also in whether and how they treat vegetation's variability and tempora ...
Appendix D: Economic modelling and adaptation to climate change
... processes. These equations are used to simulate how various sectors and activities might respond to changes to the environment, economy or policy settings. Partial equilibrium models Partial equilibrium models focus on how changes affect a particular firm or sector. These models are used to estimate ...
... processes. These equations are used to simulate how various sectors and activities might respond to changes to the environment, economy or policy settings. Partial equilibrium models Partial equilibrium models focus on how changes affect a particular firm or sector. These models are used to estimate ...
Predicting Hydrological Response to Climate Change in the White
... This study uses an ensemble of Regional Climate Model (REMO), to simulate and project the climate at local scale in order to investigate the hydrological impact of possible future climate change in White Volta Catchment (West Africa). The results, obtained from the REMO climate model, were compared ...
... This study uses an ensemble of Regional Climate Model (REMO), to simulate and project the climate at local scale in order to investigate the hydrological impact of possible future climate change in White Volta Catchment (West Africa). The results, obtained from the REMO climate model, were compared ...
Global Warming: Forecasts by Scientists versus Scientific Forecasts
... In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Working Group One, a panel of experts established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, issued its updated, Fourth Assessment Report, forecasts. The Report was commissioned at great cost in orde ...
... In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Working Group One, a panel of experts established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, issued its updated, Fourth Assessment Report, forecasts. The Report was commissioned at great cost in orde ...
Read the RSP-0276 Final Report
... of the temperature at the bottom of the ice-sheet, which could result in various hydraulic and/or thermal boundary conditions (BCs) relevant to DGR performance, such as the generation of melt water (which may be forced to penetrate into the subsurface and thus affect the sub-surface hydrology), and ...
... of the temperature at the bottom of the ice-sheet, which could result in various hydraulic and/or thermal boundary conditions (BCs) relevant to DGR performance, such as the generation of melt water (which may be forced to penetrate into the subsurface and thus affect the sub-surface hydrology), and ...
Dynamics of climate and ecosystem coupling: abrupt changes and
... The DICE model of William Nordhaus (1994) is a simple optimal growth model. Given a set of explicit value judgements and assumptions, the model generates an optimal future forecast for a number of economic and environmental variables. It does this by maximizing discounted utility (satisfaction from ...
... The DICE model of William Nordhaus (1994) is a simple optimal growth model. Given a set of explicit value judgements and assumptions, the model generates an optimal future forecast for a number of economic and environmental variables. It does this by maximizing discounted utility (satisfaction from ...
Atmospheric Circulations Do Not Explain the Temperature
... where STRENDi is the 1979-2000 trend in weather station data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean ...
... where STRENDi is the 1979-2000 trend in weather station data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean ...
Atmospheric Circulations do not Explain the
... where STRENDi is the 1979-2000 trend in weather station data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean ...
... where STRENDi is the 1979-2000 trend in weather station data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/station_data), PRESSi is mean air pressure, COSABLATi is cosine of absolute latitude, WATERi is a dummy (0,1) variable representing proximity to an ocean ...
future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over tamilnadu state
... Verification of climate data was done using the Climate Research Unit (CRU) data of University of East Anglia, UK prepares observed monthly climatology at a resolution of 0.5° x 0.5° over the globe. The British Atmospheric Data Centre hosts the current version of CRU data (CRU_TS3.1). The same was d ...
... Verification of climate data was done using the Climate Research Unit (CRU) data of University of East Anglia, UK prepares observed monthly climatology at a resolution of 0.5° x 0.5° over the globe. The British Atmospheric Data Centre hosts the current version of CRU data (CRU_TS3.1). The same was d ...
sustainability
... trends. This baseline case, in turn, could be compared with alternate scenarios of planned adaptation through policy driven changes in LULC as suggested by Kelly and Adger [9] and Adger et al. [10]. In this broader context of climate change adaptation policy development, the scope of this paper is d ...
... trends. This baseline case, in turn, could be compared with alternate scenarios of planned adaptation through policy driven changes in LULC as suggested by Kelly and Adger [9] and Adger et al. [10]. In this broader context of climate change adaptation policy development, the scope of this paper is d ...
The Structure of Economic Modeling of the Potential Impacts
... hard to extract and may last for hundreds of years in the atmosphere. And damage from some impacts, such as desertification or inundation, can be very long lasting. ...
... hard to extract and may last for hundreds of years in the atmosphere. And damage from some impacts, such as desertification or inundation, can be very long lasting. ...
Climate change impacts on groundwater hydrology
... models generally only include atmospheric processes in a surface-near layer in the scale of meters. Proper representation of land surface conditions is recognised as being crucial for describing the Downloaded by [Roskilde Universitetsbibliotek] at 01:31 23 June 2016 ...
... models generally only include atmospheric processes in a surface-near layer in the scale of meters. Proper representation of land surface conditions is recognised as being crucial for describing the Downloaded by [Roskilde Universitetsbibliotek] at 01:31 23 June 2016 ...
the journal Nature Climate Change
... sum of albedo, water vapour, lapse rate and cloud feedbacks. Cloud feedback is the dominant source of model spread5. Such feedbacks are strongly related to regional phenomena, so that the global mean is determined by integrated regional-scale effects (for example, ice albedo feedback). At continenta ...
... sum of albedo, water vapour, lapse rate and cloud feedbacks. Cloud feedback is the dominant source of model spread5. Such feedbacks are strongly related to regional phenomena, so that the global mean is determined by integrated regional-scale effects (for example, ice albedo feedback). At continenta ...
Impact analysis of climate change for an Alpine catchment using
... balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable for describing regional climate change. Therefore, regional climate models are applied to downscale the coarse meteorological fields t ...
... balances. While global climate models are designed to describe climate change on global or continental scales, their resolution is too coarse for them to be suitable for describing regional climate change. Therefore, regional climate models are applied to downscale the coarse meteorological fields t ...
On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate
... for terrestrial radiation. In the runs described here, surface static stability is set by requiring the isentrope leaving the equator to intersect the polar tropopause. Thus, polar static stability tends to decrease with decreasing EPTD. This is important, because additional model runs show that the ...
... for terrestrial radiation. In the runs described here, surface static stability is set by requiring the isentrope leaving the equator to intersect the polar tropopause. Thus, polar static stability tends to decrease with decreasing EPTD. This is important, because additional model runs show that the ...
Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates
... perhaps increased) levels of snow-generated runoff to maintain the cultural and economical benefits of water use in the basin. Hence climate change, either on its own or when combined with other factors in the long term may provide conditions for conflict between the riparian countries within the E- ...
... perhaps increased) levels of snow-generated runoff to maintain the cultural and economical benefits of water use in the basin. Hence climate change, either on its own or when combined with other factors in the long term may provide conditions for conflict between the riparian countries within the E- ...
The global-scale impacts of climate change on water resources and
... climate change would lead to disproportionate increases in precipitation during high precipitation events, but this is not incorporated here. 2.3 The global hydrological model River flows are simulated across the global domain at a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5° using the global hydrological model M ...
... climate change would lead to disproportionate increases in precipitation during high precipitation events, but this is not incorporated here. 2.3 The global hydrological model River flows are simulated across the global domain at a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5° using the global hydrological model M ...
Climate Dynamics and Global Change
... 3 above, water vapor near the surface contributes little to greenhouse warming. A molecule of water at 1 ~) km altitude is comparable in importance to 1000 molecules at 2-3 kin, and far more important than 5000 molecules at the surface (Arking 1993). In fact, water vapor decreases rapidly not only w ...
... 3 above, water vapor near the surface contributes little to greenhouse warming. A molecule of water at 1 ~) km altitude is comparable in importance to 1000 molecules at 2-3 kin, and far more important than 5000 molecules at the surface (Arking 1993). In fact, water vapor decreases rapidly not only w ...
Addressing the assumption of stationarityin statistical bias correction
... For example: a. The procedure seems to be prone to conceptual in-consistencies that need to be addressed: For example, consider the following case: Imagine you want to bias-correct a climate model that has very strong positive biases in summer due to land-atmosphere feedbacks that take off in the wa ...
... For example: a. The procedure seems to be prone to conceptual in-consistencies that need to be addressed: For example, consider the following case: Imagine you want to bias-correct a climate model that has very strong positive biases in summer due to land-atmosphere feedbacks that take off in the wa ...
CO2, the greenhouse effect and global warming: from the
... emission scenario. What are we to make of such statements and just how trustworthy are these projections? The climate system is considerably more complex than the simple greenhouse paradigm described above. System feedbacks include changes in the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean (redistributi ...
... emission scenario. What are we to make of such statements and just how trustworthy are these projections? The climate system is considerably more complex than the simple greenhouse paradigm described above. System feedbacks include changes in the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean (redistributi ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.