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FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas

... motor systems, some consideration should be given to the motor system. This will be done briefly since motor physiology has been a vigorous field of research in recent years and the literature is extensive. For further details the reader is directed to the following articles: Eccles (1973), Ito (I 9 ...
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the
An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the

... As we will see below (section 4) all extant and fossil vertebrates possess an optic chiasm. The model is therefore based on the hypothesis that an ancestor of all vertebrates has turned on its left side, by a 90° turn about the body axis (i.e. anti-clockwise from the perspective of the embryo). As t ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
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... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non

... and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlates of rhythms that characterize NREM sleep, the presence of waking values of delta power is likely to obscure the interpretation of the results. Therefore, in our second analysis, data obtained during wakefulness were discarded from the s ...
Cerebral Diffusion Tensor MR Tractography in Tuberous Sclerosis
Cerebral Diffusion Tensor MR Tractography in Tuberous Sclerosis

... be a reasonable way to assess the load of brain abnormality in tuberous sclerosis complex. However, in many studies measuring diffusion or DTI parameters of specific regions or white matter tracts, technical errors may arise when drawing ROIs to determine the boundaries of specific structures or whi ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste

... recruitment of brain regions needed to analyze what is in one’s mouth, resulting in a totally new experience. Chefs can only go so far because most tastes and smells have strong emotional (hedonic) components that may render some combinations repellent. Last year, my wife and I decided to eat at Cor ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
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... affine registration to a reference volume (Jenkinson and Smith 2001). The data from the 3 acquisitions were subsequently averaged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. We performed tissue-type segmentation, skull stripping, and registration on the scans, using tools from the Oxford Centre for Functio ...
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... not the only sort of specialization we could consider, however. Complicated behaviors might have complex and idiosyncratic internal circuitry, from elaborated specialized capacities to single percepts or actions. We have such examples as “the song system” as a coordinated perceptuomotor system; we s ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition

... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Forced moves or good tricks in design space? Landmarks in the
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... still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is reviewed in section 2 below. The next event, node 3, separates the bilateral animals from the other ...
- White Rose Research Online
- White Rose Research Online

... still a great deal to be learned about the functional architecture of cnidarian nervous systems, however, existing research does provide a number of very interesting pointers. Some of this evidence is reviewed in section 2 below. The next event, node 3, separates the bilateral animals from the other ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
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... addiction is for people to overcome it on their own, without a rehab program, and without a twelve step group. The "hijacked brain" model is simply wrong. NESARC (the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions) is the largest survey study of Alcohol Use Disorders ever conducted ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
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... • Somatosensory cortex: area of neurons running down the front of the parietal lobes; responsible for processing information from the skin and internal body receptors for touch, temperature, body position, and ...
A Comparative Analysis of the Universal Elements of Music and the
A Comparative Analysis of the Universal Elements of Music and the

... This outlines a proposal that there is a fetal origin of the fundamental building blocks of music. The sounds heard by the fetus for four months before birth may permanently etch the foundations of music into the collection of brain structures that form what is commonly known as the limbic system. T ...
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS
Omega–6/Omega–3 Ratio and Brain-Related Functions - Direct-MS

... Considering that steroids are derivatives of cholesterol, it is of great interest to find that various fatty acids have differential effects on cholesterol metabolism. Many reliable studies confirm that the administration of omega–6 fatty acids reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. However, ...
Cocaine - World of Teaching
Cocaine - World of Teaching

... an even shorter period of only about five to ten minutes  crashing low, in which the addict craves more of the drug and in larger doses ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system

... changes in metabolic activity (1). Apart from physical exercise, coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory mechanisms regulate the O2 supply to all tissue during other behaviors, such as defensive behavior or sleep. In addition, such regulatory mechanisms are also required to maintain homeostasis i ...
Semantic ambiguity processing in sentence context: Evidence from
Semantic ambiguity processing in sentence context: Evidence from

... case, the ambiguous conditions are expected to be more difficult than the unambiguous sentences, but the two ambiguous conditions are not expected to differ from each other because a choice has to be made between alternatives in both cases. In brain areas which support this process, we expect to see ...
psychology 2
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... – Positron emission tomography (PET): brainimaging method in which a radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain, with lighter colors indicating more activity ...
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and

... Received 7 July 2005; revised 1 November 2005; accepted 16 January 2006 ...
Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word
Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word

... (Cohen et al., 2000). This hypothesis was based both on neuroimaging studies of reading and on anatomo-clinical correlations in patients with pure alexia, an acquired deficit of reading that follows left occipito-temporal lesions (McCandliss et al., 2003). The VWFA hypothesis was framed in the broad ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The

... therapies  were  used  for  movement  disorders;  however,  stimulation  has  superseded  this,   as  it  is  a  non-­‐destructive,  reversible  and  adjustable  technique.12  Therefore,  it  can  be  used   bilaterally   without   risk   of ...
The Science Behind the emWave® and Inner Balance™ Technologies
The Science Behind the emWave® and Inner Balance™ Technologies

... in the heart’s pattern of activity. While the heart is certainly a remarkable pump, interestingly, it is only relatively recently in the course of human history—around the past three centuries or so—that the heart’s function has been defined (by Western scientific thought) as only that of pumping bl ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network

... high-speed calcium imaging will facilitate optical studies of information processing in brain microcircuits. ...
Emo7onal decision‐making systems and their role in addic7on
Emo7onal decision‐making systems and their role in addic7on

... Wise,
R.A.,
The
neurobiology
of
craving:
Implications
for
the
understanding
and
 treatment
of
addiction.
Journal
of
Abnormal
Psychology,
1988.
97:
p.
118­132.
 1.b.
It
was
also
well
accepted
in
the
late
1980’s
and
early
1990’s
that
manipulations
of
the
 same
mesolimbic
dopamine
system
(with
pharmaco ...
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History of neuroimaging

The first neuroimaging technique ever is the so-called ‘human circulation balance’ invented by Angelo Mosso in the 1880s and able to non-invasively measure the redistribution of blood during emotional and intellectual activity.Then, in the early 1900s, a technique called pneumoencephalography was set. This process involved draining the cerebrospinal fluid from around the brain and replacing it with air, altering the relative density of the brain and its surroundings, to cause it to show up better on an x-ray, and it was considered to be incredibly unsafe for patients (Beaumont 8). A form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were developed in the 1970s and 1980s. The new MRI and CT technologies were considerably less harmful and are explained in greater detail below. Next came SPECT and PET scans, which allowed scientists to map brain function because, unlike MRI and CT, these scans could create more than just static images of the brain's structure. Learning from MRI, PET and SPECT scanning, scientists were able to develop functional MRI (fMRI) with abilities that opened the door to direct observation of cognitive activities.
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