Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
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... rats, two from the enriched group and one from the standard group, unintended puncture of a major blood vessel resulted in early termination of the acute recording and resulted in few PAF recording sites, most of them close to the A1-PAF border. Onset latencies get longer and more variable in PAF ne ...
... rats, two from the enriched group and one from the standard group, unintended puncture of a major blood vessel resulted in early termination of the acute recording and resulted in few PAF recording sites, most of them close to the A1-PAF border. Onset latencies get longer and more variable in PAF ne ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... following an insult. The importance of host regeneration as the possible mechanism leading to the functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provi ...
... following an insult. The importance of host regeneration as the possible mechanism leading to the functional recovery following nerve transection has been reported2. Munirathinam et al3. have demonstrated the axonal regeneration following olfactory tract transection. However, the study did not provi ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... which belongs to the eating disorders1. It is characterized by a relentless drive to lose weight and an obsession for thinness1. This relentless pursuit for thinness can eventually lead to serious illness or can even be fatal1. Despite this life-threatening characteristic the etiology of this disord ...
... which belongs to the eating disorders1. It is characterized by a relentless drive to lose weight and an obsession for thinness1. This relentless pursuit for thinness can eventually lead to serious illness or can even be fatal1. Despite this life-threatening characteristic the etiology of this disord ...
NIH Public Access
... PTSD at some point in their lifetime (Kessler and others 1995; Stein and others 2000). Of those afflicted with PTSD, more than a third fail to recover even after many years (Kessler and others 1995). A deeper understanding of the neurobiological basis of PTSD may explain individual differences in su ...
... PTSD at some point in their lifetime (Kessler and others 1995; Stein and others 2000). Of those afflicted with PTSD, more than a third fail to recover even after many years (Kessler and others 1995). A deeper understanding of the neurobiological basis of PTSD may explain individual differences in su ...
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... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... the peri-infarct region of 21 patients within 30 days after stroke [18]. The authors identified that [11C]PiB retention in the peri-infarct region was higher relative to the contralateral hemisphere. No differences in [11C]PiB retention were observed elsewhere in the brain. The second study by Liu e ...
... the peri-infarct region of 21 patients within 30 days after stroke [18]. The authors identified that [11C]PiB retention in the peri-infarct region was higher relative to the contralateral hemisphere. No differences in [11C]PiB retention were observed elsewhere in the brain. The second study by Liu e ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... Barbas, 1988). On the other hand, lateral prefrontal areas, such as area 10, have a role in cognitive tasks, including extracting relevant auditory signals from noise and in specialized working memory tasks (e.g. Chao and Knight, 1997, 1998; Koechlin et al., 1999). The termination in auditory associ ...
... Barbas, 1988). On the other hand, lateral prefrontal areas, such as area 10, have a role in cognitive tasks, including extracting relevant auditory signals from noise and in specialized working memory tasks (e.g. Chao and Knight, 1997, 1998; Koechlin et al., 1999). The termination in auditory associ ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are released when the trigeminal fibres or trigeminal ganglion is activated (31, 32). This release of neuropeptides has been proposed as a pain mechanism in migraine and other primary headaches (33, 34). Histochemical studies on rats have revealed the p ...
... P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are released when the trigeminal fibres or trigeminal ganglion is activated (31, 32). This release of neuropeptides has been proposed as a pain mechanism in migraine and other primary headaches (33, 34). Histochemical studies on rats have revealed the p ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... the lower motor neurons in the medial ventral horn, have axons that project to many spinal cord segments; indeed, some project to targets along the entire length of the cord. Moreover, many of these local circuit neurons also have axonal branches that cross the midline in the commissure of the spina ...
... the lower motor neurons in the medial ventral horn, have axons that project to many spinal cord segments; indeed, some project to targets along the entire length of the cord. Moreover, many of these local circuit neurons also have axonal branches that cross the midline in the commissure of the spina ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelrhodopsin-2 by injection of lentiviral vector (Lenti.CaMKII.hChR2(H134R).mCherry), were selectively stimulated with blue light (473 nm) ...
... aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelrhodopsin-2 by injection of lentiviral vector (Lenti.CaMKII.hChR2(H134R).mCherry), were selectively stimulated with blue light (473 nm) ...
Imaging development and plasticity in the mouse visual system
... Neuronal activity, both intrinsically generated and sensory-evoked, is known to play an important role in the development of the brain. Sensory experiences continue to exert a strong influence on the functional connectivity of neuronal circuits, especially in the cerebral cortex, allowing for learni ...
... Neuronal activity, both intrinsically generated and sensory-evoked, is known to play an important role in the development of the brain. Sensory experiences continue to exert a strong influence on the functional connectivity of neuronal circuits, especially in the cerebral cortex, allowing for learni ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... approximately by 50% and in the cerebral cortex by 39% in comparison with the sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups ...
... approximately by 50% and in the cerebral cortex by 39% in comparison with the sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups ...
Test #2
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
... you must stop into my office sometime while I am there during the first two weeks of next term. Exams may not be taken out of my office. All exams will be shredded on the first day of week 3 of spring term. Section 1: Pictures. Please note the following ground rules concerning this section of the ex ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... and ventral horn of the spinal cord were adjusted for each segment. We attempted to fill the gray matter ofthe spinal cord with tracer by making injections at two different depths along each tract (FB, 0.2 &depth: DY. 0.3 ul/denth). The total amount of tracer injected at each seamental level for.eac ...
... and ventral horn of the spinal cord were adjusted for each segment. We attempted to fill the gray matter ofthe spinal cord with tracer by making injections at two different depths along each tract (FB, 0.2 &depth: DY. 0.3 ul/denth). The total amount of tracer injected at each seamental level for.eac ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... 2 relative to positions of the principal sulcus (PS), central sulcus (CS), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as reconstructed from structural MRI images. The perspective is a top-down view of the left cerebral hemisphere. Anterior (Ant), posterior (Post), medial (Med), and lateral (Lat) directions are ...
... 2 relative to positions of the principal sulcus (PS), central sulcus (CS), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) as reconstructed from structural MRI images. The perspective is a top-down view of the left cerebral hemisphere. Anterior (Ant), posterior (Post), medial (Med), and lateral (Lat) directions are ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
Sub-exemplar Shape Tuning in Human Face
... Concerning the nature of the face representation, several studies indicate that when examining the global functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal within the most selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and other ...
... Concerning the nature of the face representation, several studies indicate that when examining the global functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal within the most selective face-related area (found in the posterior fusiform gyrus, known as the fusiform face area [FFA] [Kanwisher and other ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.