MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... AbstractÐIncreased activity of the immediate-early gene c-fos can be observed in many areas of the lactating rat brain after dams physically interact with pups and display maternal behaviour. These sites include the medial preoptic area, ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the ventrolat ...
... AbstractÐIncreased activity of the immediate-early gene c-fos can be observed in many areas of the lactating rat brain after dams physically interact with pups and display maternal behaviour. These sites include the medial preoptic area, ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the ventrolat ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... presence of these very high or very low scores led to increased variance and so increased the likelihood of null results in an experimental design that required multiple individual comparisons across different conditions. While the profile of results for D2 mirrored those for D1, they are not report ...
... presence of these very high or very low scores led to increased variance and so increased the likelihood of null results in an experimental design that required multiple individual comparisons across different conditions. While the profile of results for D2 mirrored those for D1, they are not report ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... vertebrates (Fig. 4-5), at the retinal level. Emitted or reflected light from the outside world is projected upon the retinal surface by an ocular apparatus and is captured by pigments of the rods and cones that transduce the energy of photons into electric nerve signals. In diurnal monkeys, cones p ...
... vertebrates (Fig. 4-5), at the retinal level. Emitted or reflected light from the outside world is projected upon the retinal surface by an ocular apparatus and is captured by pigments of the rods and cones that transduce the energy of photons into electric nerve signals. In diurnal monkeys, cones p ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
... The work of R. Pashaie was supported in part by the University of Wisconsin research growth initiative; grants 101X172, 101X213, and 101X254. The work of P. Anikeeva was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, MRSEC DMR-0819762, and NSF CAREER CBET-1253890) and by the Defense Advanced Res ...
From format to function: Embodiment and the functional roles of
... 2. The modal-amodal debate A number of theorists have defended the idea that higher cognition is grounded in perception and action. Some of the most fully articulated accounts can be found in the work of Larry Barsalou (Barsalou, 1999, 2008, 2010; Barsalou et al., 2003; i.a.), Jesse Prinz (Prinz, 20 ...
... 2. The modal-amodal debate A number of theorists have defended the idea that higher cognition is grounded in perception and action. Some of the most fully articulated accounts can be found in the work of Larry Barsalou (Barsalou, 1999, 2008, 2010; Barsalou et al., 2003; i.a.), Jesse Prinz (Prinz, 20 ...
Minireview Stress-Induced Pain: A Target for the Development of
... spinoparabrachial and spinoreticular pathways activate limbic structures, such as the amygdala and insula, to apply an emotional response to the stimulus. The remainder of the central pain matrix [prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate, and parietal cortex] is engaged to determine the magnitude (low, mo ...
... spinoparabrachial and spinoreticular pathways activate limbic structures, such as the amygdala and insula, to apply an emotional response to the stimulus. The remainder of the central pain matrix [prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate, and parietal cortex] is engaged to determine the magnitude (low, mo ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... of the extremity were not obtained from separate, somatotopically ordered points. This particular case was chosen here because of the relatively large number of points stimulated along the precentral gyrus (in many other cases, because of the possible risk of setting off seizures by stimulation of t ...
... of the extremity were not obtained from separate, somatotopically ordered points. This particular case was chosen here because of the relatively large number of points stimulated along the precentral gyrus (in many other cases, because of the possible risk of setting off seizures by stimulation of t ...
cur op e-print version
... results [14], the new data support the “counter model,” the notion that reinforcement intensity is determined by the total impulse flow induced by the stimulation during a fixed time window [15]. In another matching experiment, Mark and Gallistel [25] confirmed a striking feature of temporal integra ...
... results [14], the new data support the “counter model,” the notion that reinforcement intensity is determined by the total impulse flow induced by the stimulation during a fixed time window [15]. In another matching experiment, Mark and Gallistel [25] confirmed a striking feature of temporal integra ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the parasympathetic causes inhibition ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian rhythms including the dorsomedial nucleus and subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus. These results, coup ...
... hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian rhythms including the dorsomedial nucleus and subparaventricular zone of the hypothalamus. These results, coup ...
Transgenic mice overexpressing the full
... receptor is induced by antidepressant drugs and is required for antidepressant-induced behavioral effects (Saarelainen et al., 2003). BDNF mouse mutants present higher anxiety levels when evaluated using the light/dark test and are hyperactive after exposure to stressors (Rios et al., 2001), althoug ...
... receptor is induced by antidepressant drugs and is required for antidepressant-induced behavioral effects (Saarelainen et al., 2003). BDNF mouse mutants present higher anxiety levels when evaluated using the light/dark test and are hyperactive after exposure to stressors (Rios et al., 2001), althoug ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... and coordinative functions, lest uncertainty prevail. To deal with this multitude of 0147-006X/01/0301-0167$14.00 ...
... and coordinative functions, lest uncertainty prevail. To deal with this multitude of 0147-006X/01/0301-0167$14.00 ...
The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and GABAergic
... are classified into two groups based on the origin of seizures: partial (or focal) and generalized epilepsy. Ictal activity, i.e. the aberrant hyperactivity of neuronal networks during epileptic seizure, spreads over the entire brain in generalized epilepsy. In partial or focal epilepsy, this aberra ...
... are classified into two groups based on the origin of seizures: partial (or focal) and generalized epilepsy. Ictal activity, i.e. the aberrant hyperactivity of neuronal networks during epileptic seizure, spreads over the entire brain in generalized epilepsy. In partial or focal epilepsy, this aberra ...
The Cl Area of the Brainstem in Tonic and Reflex
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
... Cl area are local neurons, some of which can be characterized immunocytochemically as containing yaminobutyric acid (GABA),16 or being cholinergic17 or enkephalinergic.18 Neuropepu'de Y is colocalized with PNMT in some Cl neurons," while substance P, also found in the region, is only colocalized wit ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... he original dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia proposed that hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission leads to the symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that all antipsychotic drugs block D2 receptors (D2Rs) (1, 2). Imaging studies provided a direct evi ...
... he original dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia proposed that hyperactivity of dopaminergic transmission leads to the symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that all antipsychotic drugs block D2 receptors (D2Rs) (1, 2). Imaging studies provided a direct evi ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... projection originated from the brain stem and extended to or through the thalamus (Shute and Lewis, 1967). Experimental data accumulated over the last several years indicate, however, that there is no projection from the RT to the cerebral cortex (Jones, 1985) and that the RT may play a crucial role ...
... projection originated from the brain stem and extended to or through the thalamus (Shute and Lewis, 1967). Experimental data accumulated over the last several years indicate, however, that there is no projection from the RT to the cerebral cortex (Jones, 1985) and that the RT may play a crucial role ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MSDB). To understand how cholinergic neurotransmission can modulate behavior, research has been directed toward identification of the specific cellular mechanisms in EC that can be modulated through cholinergic activity. This review focuses ...
... septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MSDB). To understand how cholinergic neurotransmission can modulate behavior, research has been directed toward identification of the specific cellular mechanisms in EC that can be modulated through cholinergic activity. This review focuses ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... what extent these 2 phenomena depend on the same neural substrates. Here, we examined the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients ...
... what extent these 2 phenomena depend on the same neural substrates. Here, we examined the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in both involuntary attention and IOR. DA is involved in a variety of cognitive functions, and 3 lines of evidence suggest that it also modulates IOR. First, patients ...
PDF
... position in the CP. (C) Inside-out fashion of cortical layer (L) formation. In early developmental stages (E10-E11), the neural tube is composed of a single layer of neuroepithelial cells. A small fraction of these undergo asymmetric division to generate the first wave of postmitotic neurons that mi ...
... position in the CP. (C) Inside-out fashion of cortical layer (L) formation. In early developmental stages (E10-E11), the neural tube is composed of a single layer of neuroepithelial cells. A small fraction of these undergo asymmetric division to generate the first wave of postmitotic neurons that mi ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
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... In the auditory system, receptive fields are described by tuning curves that quantify neural selectivity for tones over a limited range of frequency and intensity. Several investigators have demonstrated that these receptive fields can be altered by learning (Recanzone 2000; Scheich et al. 1997; Weinb ...
... In the auditory system, receptive fields are described by tuning curves that quantify neural selectivity for tones over a limited range of frequency and intensity. Several investigators have demonstrated that these receptive fields can be altered by learning (Recanzone 2000; Scheich et al. 1997; Weinb ...
Role of the Preoptic-Anterior Hypothalamus in
... more sensitive to subtle changes in both central and peripheral temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–1 ...
... more sensitive to subtle changes in both central and peripheral temperature. Moreover, a greater variety of thermoregulatory responses can be evoked. Thus, the nervous system can select the behavioral or physiological response most appropriate and most efficient for a particular thermal stress [11–1 ...
DEPARTAMENT DE FARMACOLOGIA, DE TERAPÈUTICA I DE TOXICOLOGIA
... In 1953, the US Army Chemical Centre conducted pioneering toxicological studies in animals but results were not declassified and published until two decades later (Holsten and Schieser, 1986). In the 1960’s and 1970’s the mental health community began to explore the use of MDMA in psychotherapy beca ...
... In 1953, the US Army Chemical Centre conducted pioneering toxicological studies in animals but results were not declassified and published until two decades later (Holsten and Schieser, 1986). In the 1960’s and 1970’s the mental health community began to explore the use of MDMA in psychotherapy beca ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...
... respect to those in the ventral one. In addition, it was reported that the dorsal zone had a set of connections different from that found for the ventral one (Colby et al., 1988). The term PO was then retained to indicate the ventral, visually more responsive region of the originally described area ...