The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
... complex, but they appear to be governed by a simple rule based on the structural relationship of pairs of linked areas, which we call the structural model for connections. Structure in this context refers to the number of cortical layers present in a given area, or the overall neuronal density, and ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... Although most of the animal studies cited above focused on estrogen actions on the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas ...
... Although most of the animal studies cited above focused on estrogen actions on the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas ...
Behavioral verification of associative learning in whisker
... footshock might sensitize the animal when administered alone, but also if presented together with a CS during conditioning. Consequently, the freezing response to the CS following conditioning might be determined not only by associative, but also by non-associative components. It has been postulated ...
... footshock might sensitize the animal when administered alone, but also if presented together with a CS during conditioning. Consequently, the freezing response to the CS following conditioning might be determined not only by associative, but also by non-associative components. It has been postulated ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... Concerning meditation onset, some fMRI studies (Farb et al. 2007; Hölzel et al. 2007b) have employed short periods of meditation (\1 min) that displayed increased activity of different frontal cortical areas; either lateral prefrontal cortex (Farb et al. 2007), or orbital, superior medial and super ...
... Concerning meditation onset, some fMRI studies (Farb et al. 2007; Hölzel et al. 2007b) have employed short periods of meditation (\1 min) that displayed increased activity of different frontal cortical areas; either lateral prefrontal cortex (Farb et al. 2007), or orbital, superior medial and super ...
Frontostriatal mechanisms in instruction-based learning
... studies have implicated different structures within homologs of the human basal ganglia and the medial and orbital prefrontal cortices in the control of goal-directed behavior involving R-O or S-R-O associations as compared to stimulus-based habitual behavior involving S-R associations or “pavlovian ...
... studies have implicated different structures within homologs of the human basal ganglia and the medial and orbital prefrontal cortices in the control of goal-directed behavior involving R-O or S-R-O associations as compared to stimulus-based habitual behavior involving S-R associations or “pavlovian ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
Serotonin synthesis, release and reuptake in terminals: a
... http://www.tbiomed.com/content/7/1/34 ...
... http://www.tbiomed.com/content/7/1/34 ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... (Figure 2(a)). In contrast to thalamic slices, the intact TC system in vivo does not display such clear-cut propagation, but spindle oscillations are remarkably synchronized over extended thalamic regions and show very limited traveling-wave activity (Figure 2 (c)), in agreement with early observati ...
... (Figure 2(a)). In contrast to thalamic slices, the intact TC system in vivo does not display such clear-cut propagation, but spindle oscillations are remarkably synchronized over extended thalamic regions and show very limited traveling-wave activity (Figure 2 (c)), in agreement with early observati ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
... administration, animals were deeply anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium, 100 mg/kg ip) and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS. The brain tissue obtained from experimental and control animals was processed together (at least two animals per batch) for immunostaining. Brain sections were cut at 30 ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... neurons located far apart, that is, in distant cortical areas (Young et al.1995). It is, however, clear from neuroanatomical studies that most cortical pyramidal cells have long axons reaching distant areas or subcortical structures, and that connections from one area project to several other areas. ...
... neurons located far apart, that is, in distant cortical areas (Young et al.1995). It is, however, clear from neuroanatomical studies that most cortical pyramidal cells have long axons reaching distant areas or subcortical structures, and that connections from one area project to several other areas. ...
temporal lobe anatomy
... • The upper part of the posterior segment is formed largely by the medial aspect of the head of the hippocampus. • The inferior choroidal point is the lower end of the choroidal fissure along which the choroid plexus is attached. • Located just behind the upper edge of the posterior uncal segment ...
... • The upper part of the posterior segment is formed largely by the medial aspect of the head of the hippocampus. • The inferior choroidal point is the lower end of the choroidal fissure along which the choroid plexus is attached. • Located just behind the upper edge of the posterior uncal segment ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... with the arm area of the primary motor cortex (M1) and with area 46 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys. Retrograde transneuronal transport of the CVS-11 (challenge virus strain 11) strain of rabies virus in cerebello-thalamocortical pathways revealed that the arm area of M1 receives input ...
... with the arm area of the primary motor cortex (M1) and with area 46 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys. Retrograde transneuronal transport of the CVS-11 (challenge virus strain 11) strain of rabies virus in cerebello-thalamocortical pathways revealed that the arm area of M1 receives input ...
1 Prenatal Nicotine Exposure as a Teratogen in
... In the present study, it was concluded that prenatal nicotine exposure in the second trimester causes an up-regulation in dopaminergic neurological pathways and alters dopamine release levels. The altered dopamine levels make the fetus brain more sensitive to the nicotine, causing the nicotine ex ...
... In the present study, it was concluded that prenatal nicotine exposure in the second trimester causes an up-regulation in dopaminergic neurological pathways and alters dopamine release levels. The altered dopamine levels make the fetus brain more sensitive to the nicotine, causing the nicotine ex ...
EXERCISE TRAINING AND SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
... of physical activity dependent plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Of particular interest are functional improvements, such as those reported for memory and cognition,35–39 that are associated with changes in the number, structure and function of neurons.35,40 Recent studies indicate tha ...
13 Nervous System
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... expression has been associated with growth and cellular survival. Peptides arising from PIF/DCD proteolytic processing are produced by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood during the early life. It has been found in the cortical and hippocampal neurons, but its physiological function remains unkno ...
... expression has been associated with growth and cellular survival. Peptides arising from PIF/DCD proteolytic processing are produced by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood during the early life. It has been found in the cortical and hippocampal neurons, but its physiological function remains unkno ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
Morphometric changes of the central nervous system of
... The cortex volume in the subesophageal ganglia also differentiated the studied groups (F2.27 = 15.81, P<0.0001). In the control group, the average cortex volume in the subesophageal ganglia was significantly higher than in both experimental groups (post-hoc). The volume of the neuropil in the subeso ...
... The cortex volume in the subesophageal ganglia also differentiated the studied groups (F2.27 = 15.81, P<0.0001). In the control group, the average cortex volume in the subesophageal ganglia was significantly higher than in both experimental groups (post-hoc). The volume of the neuropil in the subeso ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
... in CIP compared with those in the occipital cortex: while neurons in the occipital cortex are involved in low-level disparity detection within their relatively small receptive fields, CIP neurons may be involved in high-level computation of the 3D orientation of a relatively wide surface, based on d ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... section of the brain containing the reconstruction of the penetration carried out with the recording syringe (pen). The section was taken at the level indicated on the brain silhouette on the top. Dashed lines on the section represent the cytoarchitectonic borders of the different sectors of area V6 ...
... section of the brain containing the reconstruction of the penetration carried out with the recording syringe (pen). The section was taken at the level indicated on the brain silhouette on the top. Dashed lines on the section represent the cytoarchitectonic borders of the different sectors of area V6 ...