Strategies for the Generation of Neuronal Diversity in the
... findings, it seems reasonable to conclude that both the notochord and the floor plate are involved directly, and possibly sequentially, in motor neuron induction; however, the molecular mechanisms by which they accomplish this end may well be distinct from one another (Yamada et al., 1993). Cell lin ...
... findings, it seems reasonable to conclude that both the notochord and the floor plate are involved directly, and possibly sequentially, in motor neuron induction; however, the molecular mechanisms by which they accomplish this end may well be distinct from one another (Yamada et al., 1993). Cell lin ...
Visual Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Superficial
... selectivity are observed across the population and in various subtypes of SC neurons identified morphologically. In particular, orientation-selective responses are discovered in the mouse SC, and they are not affected by cortical lesion or long-term visual deprivation. However, ON/OFF characteristic ...
... selectivity are observed across the population and in various subtypes of SC neurons identified morphologically. In particular, orientation-selective responses are discovered in the mouse SC, and they are not affected by cortical lesion or long-term visual deprivation. However, ON/OFF characteristic ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... microvascular origin related most likely to underlying hypertension and heart disease. & ...
... microvascular origin related most likely to underlying hypertension and heart disease. & ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38) ...
... obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state of active sleep is hallmarked by EEG desynchrony, muscle atonia, robust PGO wave activity, and EOG activity (Figures 2, 3). During this state, the ongoing spike activity of all SRT neurons was reduced to 14.7 spikes/s±3.1 (p<0.05, range: 0.5-38) ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... 1995 study of motoneurons in larval zebrafish, was the beginning of a series of technical developments that exploited the transparency and simplicity of the larval CNS. Presented here, in chronological fashion, is a suite of imaging techniques that have extended the ability to probe and optically dis ...
... 1995 study of motoneurons in larval zebrafish, was the beginning of a series of technical developments that exploited the transparency and simplicity of the larval CNS. Presented here, in chronological fashion, is a suite of imaging techniques that have extended the ability to probe and optically dis ...
Multiarray silicon probes with integrated optical fibers
... neuronal activity in both in vitro and in vivo preparations (Han et al., 2009; Sohal et al., 2009; Cardin et al., 2009). For the in vivo studies, however, the distance between the stimulation and recording sites was relatively large, necessitating the use of large-amplitude light intensities (> 30 m ...
... neuronal activity in both in vitro and in vivo preparations (Han et al., 2009; Sohal et al., 2009; Cardin et al., 2009). For the in vivo studies, however, the distance between the stimulation and recording sites was relatively large, necessitating the use of large-amplitude light intensities (> 30 m ...
nightmares without atonia as an early symptom of diffuse lewy
... plaques. Immunohistochemical staining for antibodies against tau, and β-amyloid were tested negative. There were also important release of lipofuscin and anoxia signs in the great pyramidal neurons. No focal white matter lesions or vascular disease were observed. Definitive diagnostic was diffuse Le ...
... plaques. Immunohistochemical staining for antibodies against tau, and β-amyloid were tested negative. There were also important release of lipofuscin and anoxia signs in the great pyramidal neurons. No focal white matter lesions or vascular disease were observed. Definitive diagnostic was diffuse Le ...
From the Eye to the Brain: Development of the Drosophila
... The VLNPs (also called optic glomeruli) are located right underneath the optic lobes and can be considered the next step in visual processing after the optic lobes. All 14 different types of lobula projection neurons project to distinct target regions within the VLNPs (Otsuna & Ito, 2006). They each ...
... The VLNPs (also called optic glomeruli) are located right underneath the optic lobes and can be considered the next step in visual processing after the optic lobes. All 14 different types of lobula projection neurons project to distinct target regions within the VLNPs (Otsuna & Ito, 2006). They each ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... al. 1986; Watanabe 1992) and in humans (Clarke et al. 1995). Electrophysiological recordings in the prefrontal cortex showed that although many neurons responded to some type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 19 ...
... al. 1986; Watanabe 1992) and in humans (Clarke et al. 1995). Electrophysiological recordings in the prefrontal cortex showed that although many neurons responded to some type of sensory stimulation, almost half (48%) of the recorded neurons remained unresponsive to such stimulation (Tanila et al. 19 ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... inconsistency of findings, it seems that some neurons in SI cortex are activated by nociceptive input, but the intensity, amount and character of the activation is different [25, 26] from non-nociceptive input to the same area. One result of the human functional imaging studies is that it has become ...
... inconsistency of findings, it seems that some neurons in SI cortex are activated by nociceptive input, but the intensity, amount and character of the activation is different [25, 26] from non-nociceptive input to the same area. One result of the human functional imaging studies is that it has become ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... factors or to experientially-influenced brain development processes, contribute to the emergence of the syndrome. Indeed, linkage analyses suggest that there are multiple genetic loci that contribute to causing autism (Risch et al. 1999). Furthermore, epigenetic influences, such as environmental tox ...
... factors or to experientially-influenced brain development processes, contribute to the emergence of the syndrome. Indeed, linkage analyses suggest that there are multiple genetic loci that contribute to causing autism (Risch et al. 1999). Furthermore, epigenetic influences, such as environmental tox ...
Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time
... events demarcating successive intervals. For example, during finger tapping, contact with the table surface might constitute such an event; by contrast, these patients showed no-to-minimal impairment when producing repetitive movements in a smooth, continuous manner (Spencer et al. 2003). Ivry and c ...
... events demarcating successive intervals. For example, during finger tapping, contact with the table surface might constitute such an event; by contrast, these patients showed no-to-minimal impairment when producing repetitive movements in a smooth, continuous manner (Spencer et al. 2003). Ivry and c ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
... Cortical progenitors generate a huge diversity of neuronal phenotypes. Asymmetrical division, where an unequal distribution of determining factors during mitosis results in two daughter cells with different fates, is a conserved mechanism for generating diversity in the CNS44–46. The expression of a ...
Clinical Investigative Study Detectability of Neural Tracts and Nuclei
... Fig 3. Representative axial 3DAC-PROPELLER image at the level of the lower pons. The corticospinal tract (1) is depicted as a large dark blue region between two red compartments (ie, the superficial layer and the deep layer of the transverse pontine fibers in the middle of the ventral part of the pons ...
... Fig 3. Representative axial 3DAC-PROPELLER image at the level of the lower pons. The corticospinal tract (1) is depicted as a large dark blue region between two red compartments (ie, the superficial layer and the deep layer of the transverse pontine fibers in the middle of the ventral part of the pons ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
... The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is in a crucial position to influence the output of the basal ganglia. It projects to the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus (Carpenter et al. 198 1a; Groenewegen and Berendse 1990; Kita and Kitai 1987; Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smit ...
Why are brain pathways
... systems from the brain influence cells in the spinal cord to create movements. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia indirectly influence movements as indicated schematically here. ...
... systems from the brain influence cells in the spinal cord to create movements. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia indirectly influence movements as indicated schematically here. ...
download file
... challenges in contemporary neuroscience. Studies in invertebrates have established that relatively sophisticated behavior (including associative memory) can be implemented using simple synaptic plasticity rules (Glanzman 1995). However, the operating principles that allow networks of millions of neu ...
... challenges in contemporary neuroscience. Studies in invertebrates have established that relatively sophisticated behavior (including associative memory) can be implemented using simple synaptic plasticity rules (Glanzman 1995). However, the operating principles that allow networks of millions of neu ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... hypotheses regarding interactivity between hub and spoke regions in this manner. This could reflect, at least in part, the considerable methodological challenge of isolating activation specific to semantic processes from that associated with sensorimotor perceptual processes per se. Conventional sub ...
... hypotheses regarding interactivity between hub and spoke regions in this manner. This could reflect, at least in part, the considerable methodological challenge of isolating activation specific to semantic processes from that associated with sensorimotor perceptual processes per se. Conventional sub ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... It is well established that the responses of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) can be modulated by feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. Here we report the effects, on ...
... It is well established that the responses of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) can be modulated by feedback from visual cortex, but it is still unclear how cortico-geniculate afferents regulate the flow of visual information to the cortex in the primate. Here we report the effects, on ...
cerebral cortex - CM
... • Consists mainly of simple squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells) of blood capillaries, their basal laminae, and astrocytes ...
... • Consists mainly of simple squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells) of blood capillaries, their basal laminae, and astrocytes ...
Chapter 8 – Perceiving Motion
... 2. The response of a neuron in the monkey’s MT cortex - Found that as the dots coherence increases: 1. The monkey detected the direction of motion more accurately 2. The MT neurons fired more rapidly *Newsome directly measured the relationship between physiology and perception Effect of Lesioning an ...
... 2. The response of a neuron in the monkey’s MT cortex - Found that as the dots coherence increases: 1. The monkey detected the direction of motion more accurately 2. The MT neurons fired more rapidly *Newsome directly measured the relationship between physiology and perception Effect of Lesioning an ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... within the thalamocortical system The origin of electrical seizures that accompany various types of epilepsy is largely unknown, especially for cortically generated seizures. Recent experimental studies strongly implicate a neocortical origin of spike–wave (SW) electroencephalographic (EEG) complexe ...
... within the thalamocortical system The origin of electrical seizures that accompany various types of epilepsy is largely unknown, especially for cortically generated seizures. Recent experimental studies strongly implicate a neocortical origin of spike–wave (SW) electroencephalographic (EEG) complexe ...
Emo7onal decision‐making systems and their role in addic7on
... known to have short‐term “reinforcing effects” (but long‐term negative consequences) should be less likely or problematic for individuals scoring higher on tasks that assess this ability. ...
... known to have short‐term “reinforcing effects” (but long‐term negative consequences) should be less likely or problematic for individuals scoring higher on tasks that assess this ability. ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.