Seminar Chronic disorders of consciousness
... state can be made only after a careful assessment of the patient’s level of awareness. The Glasgow coma scale, which was developed, validated, and used widely to assess the level of consciousness and prognosis of patients with acute traumatic brain injuries49,50 and non-traumatic causes of coma,51 i ...
... state can be made only after a careful assessment of the patient’s level of awareness. The Glasgow coma scale, which was developed, validated, and used widely to assess the level of consciousness and prognosis of patients with acute traumatic brain injuries49,50 and non-traumatic causes of coma,51 i ...
Dynamics of Spontaneous Activity in Neocortical Slices
... neocortical brain slices can sustain spontaneous activity. In the past, slices have been used to study the responses of neurons to electrical or pharmacological stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in whic ...
... neocortical brain slices can sustain spontaneous activity. In the past, slices have been used to study the responses of neurons to electrical or pharmacological stimulations. At the same time, EPSPs and IPSPs are routinely recorded intracellularly from neurons in slices even under conditions in whic ...
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
... neuron from which they recorded. By recording from pyramidal neurons in L2–L6 (L1 lacks pyramidal cells), the authors mapped the excitatory influence that each layer exerts over the others. They found that the L2/3 to L5A/B was the strongest connection, accounting for one-third of the total synaptic ...
... neuron from which they recorded. By recording from pyramidal neurons in L2–L6 (L1 lacks pyramidal cells), the authors mapped the excitatory influence that each layer exerts over the others. They found that the L2/3 to L5A/B was the strongest connection, accounting for one-third of the total synaptic ...
View PDF - Nedivi Lab
... zones and is markedly absent from the olfactory epithelium and gan- unaffected by phospholipase C treatment. These results suggest that glionic eminence (Fig. 1a,b,e,f,i,j), suggesting that its function may the higher-molecular-weight protein represents membrane-bound be cell type specific. cpg15 is ...
... zones and is markedly absent from the olfactory epithelium and gan- unaffected by phospholipase C treatment. These results suggest that glionic eminence (Fig. 1a,b,e,f,i,j), suggesting that its function may the higher-molecular-weight protein represents membrane-bound be cell type specific. cpg15 is ...
The Thalamic Projections of the Spinothalamic Tract
... particular synaptology of spinothalamic afferents in this particular zone. Concerning synaptology, Craig’s group reported that about 60% of labeled STT boutons in the VMpo exhibited a “triadic” arrangement with relay cell dendrites [7]. However, as commented above, previous work on STT terminals had ...
... particular synaptology of spinothalamic afferents in this particular zone. Concerning synaptology, Craig’s group reported that about 60% of labeled STT boutons in the VMpo exhibited a “triadic” arrangement with relay cell dendrites [7]. However, as commented above, previous work on STT terminals had ...
Chapter 3
... turn off a gene or leave it on (see Figure 3.3). The incredible fact is that whether these tags get activated or “turned on” is determined by environmental events such as diet, drinking, and even exercise (Watters, 2006; I. C. G. Weaver et al., 2004). The food we eat, the drugs we take, and our expo ...
... turn off a gene or leave it on (see Figure 3.3). The incredible fact is that whether these tags get activated or “turned on” is determined by environmental events such as diet, drinking, and even exercise (Watters, 2006; I. C. G. Weaver et al., 2004). The food we eat, the drugs we take, and our expo ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... it may seem like processing should be quite local in space and time. However, it has long been known that the processing of a visual stimulus is affected by the overall gestalt, or context, in which it occurs. The presence of a stimulus, even one that cannot directly drive a neuron’s feedforward inp ...
... it may seem like processing should be quite local in space and time. However, it has long been known that the processing of a visual stimulus is affected by the overall gestalt, or context, in which it occurs. The presence of a stimulus, even one that cannot directly drive a neuron’s feedforward inp ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
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... and looped architectures are suggested to be basic principles of the corticobasal ganglia system (1), it is likely that there are multiple parallel circuits running through the PFC and the basal ganglia, with each circuit involved in distinct aspects of behavioral control. The subthalamic nucleus, w ...
... and looped architectures are suggested to be basic principles of the corticobasal ganglia system (1), it is likely that there are multiple parallel circuits running through the PFC and the basal ganglia, with each circuit involved in distinct aspects of behavioral control. The subthalamic nucleus, w ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through release of NMDA receptor-based effects in up-state. Coherent cortical activation imposed experimentally can lead to activation of immediate-early gen ...
... would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through release of NMDA receptor-based effects in up-state. Coherent cortical activation imposed experimentally can lead to activation of immediate-early gen ...
Principles of Neural Science
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
... Del Rio-Bermudez C, Plumeau AM, Sattler NJ, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing cerebellorubral system. J Neurophysiol 116: 1316 –1327, 2016. First published July 6, 2016; doi:10.1152/jn.00461.2016.—The development of the cerebellar system depe ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... behavioral task, LgDel animals take modestly longer to learn the rule associated with food reward, *P < 0.05 (C) LgDel animals require more reversal sessions to learn that the pattern associated with food reward has been reversed, **P < 0.01. (D) The number of learning sessions required by LgDel ani ...
... behavioral task, LgDel animals take modestly longer to learn the rule associated with food reward, *P < 0.05 (C) LgDel animals require more reversal sessions to learn that the pattern associated with food reward has been reversed, **P < 0.01. (D) The number of learning sessions required by LgDel ani ...
pdf
... effects were reported. A comparison of the different questionnaires showed a decrease after TMS on the BDI-II of 27 %, and the two subscales of the HADS, namely depression (40%) and anxiety (33%). For the POMS, we found a decrease in the subscales tension of 45%, for depression 24%, and fatigue 44% ...
... effects were reported. A comparison of the different questionnaires showed a decrease after TMS on the BDI-II of 27 %, and the two subscales of the HADS, namely depression (40%) and anxiety (33%). For the POMS, we found a decrease in the subscales tension of 45%, for depression 24%, and fatigue 44% ...
07-pons + midbrain2009-03-24 08:441.9 MB
... Locus coeruleus : is a group of pigmented neurones that lies in brain stem tegmentum of caudal midbrain & rostral pons. -it is noradrenergic cell group. -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & ...
... Locus coeruleus : is a group of pigmented neurones that lies in brain stem tegmentum of caudal midbrain & rostral pons. -it is noradrenergic cell group. -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... Callosotomy surgery involves the surgical sectioning of the corpus callosum, and in some cases the other forebrain commissures, for the relief of pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. The result is that the cerebral hemispheres are effectively isolated at the cortical level (although subcortical co ...
... Callosotomy surgery involves the surgical sectioning of the corpus callosum, and in some cases the other forebrain commissures, for the relief of pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. The result is that the cerebral hemispheres are effectively isolated at the cortical level (although subcortical co ...
Report 2
... demonstrated, the low temporal resolution of haemodynamic imaging makes it impossible to decide between two interpretations of this finding: One possibility is that the activation of specific action-related networks directly reflects action word recognition and comprehension, as the somatotopy-of-ac ...
... demonstrated, the low temporal resolution of haemodynamic imaging makes it impossible to decide between two interpretations of this finding: One possibility is that the activation of specific action-related networks directly reflects action word recognition and comprehension, as the somatotopy-of-ac ...
Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word
... stances. Their argument relies almost exclusively on the overlap of data from different groups of subjects scanned with PET. However, such data are typically generated with a spatial smoothness of 15 mm in PET group studies. In this context, the finding of overlap between word-related and non-word-r ...
... stances. Their argument relies almost exclusively on the overlap of data from different groups of subjects scanned with PET. However, such data are typically generated with a spatial smoothness of 15 mm in PET group studies. In this context, the finding of overlap between word-related and non-word-r ...
Ch 1: The reality problem
... are defined as creatures which are either physically identical to humans but which lack phenomenal consciousness. If a world populated by zombies is conceivable, it is claimed, this shows there are no a priori entailments from the complete physical truth to phenomenal truths. The other strategy rest ...
... are defined as creatures which are either physically identical to humans but which lack phenomenal consciousness. If a world populated by zombies is conceivable, it is claimed, this shows there are no a priori entailments from the complete physical truth to phenomenal truths. The other strategy rest ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
memory systems in the brain
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... bursts to rapid displacements of a large random square pattern and to brief light flashes (Sudkamp and Schmidt 1995). They are thought to be identical with so-called “jerk” neurons that respond, as known from awake cats, with short bursts not only to rapid image shifts while the eyes are stationary ...
... bursts to rapid displacements of a large random square pattern and to brief light flashes (Sudkamp and Schmidt 1995). They are thought to be identical with so-called “jerk” neurons that respond, as known from awake cats, with short bursts not only to rapid image shifts while the eyes are stationary ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... more often than one might think. Although making choices sounds like a straight-forward process, the opposite seems to be true. Decision making is a complex neural process involving many aspects such as action and perception, valuation and learning, which implies a heavy interaction and cooperation ...
... more often than one might think. Although making choices sounds like a straight-forward process, the opposite seems to be true. Decision making is a complex neural process involving many aspects such as action and perception, valuation and learning, which implies a heavy interaction and cooperation ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.