Brain-implantable biomimetic electronics as the next era in neural
... result from stroke, and the impaired ability to execute skilled movements following trauma to brain regions responsible for motor control. Although the barriers to creating intracranial, electronic neural prosthetics have seemed insurmountable in the past, the biological and engineering sciences are ...
... result from stroke, and the impaired ability to execute skilled movements following trauma to brain regions responsible for motor control. Although the barriers to creating intracranial, electronic neural prosthetics have seemed insurmountable in the past, the biological and engineering sciences are ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... – Perception of sensation – Voluntary initiation and control of movement – Capabilities associated with higher mental processing (memory, logic, judgment, etc.) ...
... – Perception of sensation – Voluntary initiation and control of movement – Capabilities associated with higher mental processing (memory, logic, judgment, etc.) ...
Modelling Cerebellar Function in Saccadic Adaptation
... • Different regions have different inputs and outputs, (microzones) but same basic organisation • Gives rise to idea of cerebellar chip: ~5000, each with its own particular connections. ...
... • Different regions have different inputs and outputs, (microzones) but same basic organisation • Gives rise to idea of cerebellar chip: ~5000, each with its own particular connections. ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... other animals operate similarly—so similarly that you could not distinguish between small samples of brain tissue from a human and a monkey. This similarity allows researchers to study relatively simple animals, such as squids and sea slugs, to discover how our neural systems operate. It allows them ...
... other animals operate similarly—so similarly that you could not distinguish between small samples of brain tissue from a human and a monkey. This similarity allows researchers to study relatively simple animals, such as squids and sea slugs, to discover how our neural systems operate. It allows them ...
Review Questions
... 20. A hemorrhage in the dorsal lateral region of the caudal medulla, affecting the fibers of the gracilis and cuneatus, is likely to result in loss of A. fine discriminative touch ipsilaterally. B. eye movements. C. diffuse touch bilaterally. D. pain and temperature universally. E. motor control bil ...
... 20. A hemorrhage in the dorsal lateral region of the caudal medulla, affecting the fibers of the gracilis and cuneatus, is likely to result in loss of A. fine discriminative touch ipsilaterally. B. eye movements. C. diffuse touch bilaterally. D. pain and temperature universally. E. motor control bil ...
Creating Buzz: The Neural Correlates of Effective Message
... sound a bee makes, since the 16th century it has had a variety of social meanings, including the act of calling someone on the phone, the sounds a crowd makes when roused, or the spreading of a rumor. Today, buzz most often refers to the excitement that spreads around an idea, person, or product. Th ...
... sound a bee makes, since the 16th century it has had a variety of social meanings, including the act of calling someone on the phone, the sounds a crowd makes when roused, or the spreading of a rumor. Today, buzz most often refers to the excitement that spreads around an idea, person, or product. Th ...
PDF file
... The importance of temporal signals for the acquisition of stereo vision capabilities in visual cortices (i.e. how time contributes to binocular cognitive abilities to emerge) has been underestimated in the past. Temporal context information from the previous time step(s) guide the human visual syste ...
... The importance of temporal signals for the acquisition of stereo vision capabilities in visual cortices (i.e. how time contributes to binocular cognitive abilities to emerge) has been underestimated in the past. Temporal context information from the previous time step(s) guide the human visual syste ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... of medical research. A person with no legs, for example, could get a bionic pair of legs, controlled by the person’s own thoughts, thereby restoring full freedom of movement. Such devices controlled directly by the brain are called neuroprosthetics. Finding the signals that could control locomotion ...
... of medical research. A person with no legs, for example, could get a bionic pair of legs, controlled by the person’s own thoughts, thereby restoring full freedom of movement. Such devices controlled directly by the brain are called neuroprosthetics. Finding the signals that could control locomotion ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
Hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia: Insights
... inferential reasoning. Specifically, active maintenance (often referred to by the more general term of working memory) requires relatively isolated representations so that information does not spread out and get lost over time (O’Reilly, Braver, & Cohen, 1999; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000). In contrast, ...
... inferential reasoning. Specifically, active maintenance (often referred to by the more general term of working memory) requires relatively isolated representations so that information does not spread out and get lost over time (O’Reilly, Braver, & Cohen, 1999; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000). In contrast, ...
Cerebellum: The Brain for an Implicit Self
... visual cortex. They proposed a model of a neuronal circuit to explain how the characteristic responsiveness of “simple” and “complex” cells are formed, using input from concentric receptive fields of the lateral geniculate neurons. These early discoveries marked the start of modern neuroscience. Neu ...
... visual cortex. They proposed a model of a neuronal circuit to explain how the characteristic responsiveness of “simple” and “complex” cells are formed, using input from concentric receptive fields of the lateral geniculate neurons. These early discoveries marked the start of modern neuroscience. Neu ...
Document
... in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are presented to VisNet’s input layer they are preprocessed by a set ...
... in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are presented to VisNet’s input layer they are preprocessed by a set ...
The Motor Cortex and Descending Control of Movement
... other brain regions involved in movement control, and how (if at all) this activity is related to control of ipsilateral movements. Other descending systems As well as directly influencing the spinal cord via the CST, the cerebral cortex also has connections to descending motor control pathways whic ...
... other brain regions involved in movement control, and how (if at all) this activity is related to control of ipsilateral movements. Other descending systems As well as directly influencing the spinal cord via the CST, the cerebral cortex also has connections to descending motor control pathways whic ...
The Neuropsychology of Reading Disorders
... respond best to novel stimuli. Can comprehend language (mainly nouns) though cannot generate speech, spell, or decode non-words (Ogden, 1996). Left hemisphere - dependent upon more gray matter, and tends to be geared toward over-learned tasks. Possesses a phonological route to reading and can read n ...
... respond best to novel stimuli. Can comprehend language (mainly nouns) though cannot generate speech, spell, or decode non-words (Ogden, 1996). Left hemisphere - dependent upon more gray matter, and tends to be geared toward over-learned tasks. Possesses a phonological route to reading and can read n ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... parkinsonian tremor may directly result from synchronized oscillatory bursting in the basal ganglia, studies of the correlation or coherence between tremor and basal ganglia oscillations have not been conclusive, perhaps resulting from the fact that different limbs of parkinsonian patients may engag ...
... parkinsonian tremor may directly result from synchronized oscillatory bursting in the basal ganglia, studies of the correlation or coherence between tremor and basal ganglia oscillations have not been conclusive, perhaps resulting from the fact that different limbs of parkinsonian patients may engag ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... rewards or costs associated with any choice or action, is thus critical to the decision-making process. This fundamental relationship between value and choice is expressed explicitly in economic theory, which defines the expected utility of an object only from an analysis of the choices a decisionma ...
... rewards or costs associated with any choice or action, is thus critical to the decision-making process. This fundamental relationship between value and choice is expressed explicitly in economic theory, which defines the expected utility of an object only from an analysis of the choices a decisionma ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... Analysis was restricted to the medial most portion (1–2 mm) of the corpus callosum, in order to avoid confounds with the adjoining, non-callosal WM. Midline was determined by reference to the midline of the gross brain, as bisected after removal from the skull, and by reference to adjoining structur ...
... Analysis was restricted to the medial most portion (1–2 mm) of the corpus callosum, in order to avoid confounds with the adjoining, non-callosal WM. Midline was determined by reference to the midline of the gross brain, as bisected after removal from the skull, and by reference to adjoining structur ...
Synaptic energy efficiency in retinal processing
... outputs are equated to neuronal firing rates. It is within this framework that we attempt to understand the consequences of maximising information transmission whilst minimising the metabolic costs associated with synaptic transmission. Following Bell and Sejnowski (1997), Harpur (1997) and Olshausen ...
... outputs are equated to neuronal firing rates. It is within this framework that we attempt to understand the consequences of maximising information transmission whilst minimising the metabolic costs associated with synaptic transmission. Following Bell and Sejnowski (1997), Harpur (1997) and Olshausen ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as early as the first vestibular projection neurons,2–4 and furthermore neurons in the vestibular nuclei related to head and eye mo ...
... Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as early as the first vestibular projection neurons,2–4 and furthermore neurons in the vestibular nuclei related to head and eye mo ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... monkeys (Goodman et al., 1998; Chatterjee et al., 2009). This study would provide valuable insight into our understanding of primate evolution. In this study, we investigate whether mirror neurons exist in the frontal cortex of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets are highly social anima ...
... monkeys (Goodman et al., 1998; Chatterjee et al., 2009). This study would provide valuable insight into our understanding of primate evolution. In this study, we investigate whether mirror neurons exist in the frontal cortex of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets are highly social anima ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... and Barbas, 1994). In case AF, anterograde label in AM was seen at the dorsomedial part at the central and caudal extent of the nucleus (Fig. 3, top, A–D, case AF). The labeled axonal terminals were clustered in several patches. Projections from the cortex were more widely distributed than the label ...
... and Barbas, 1994). In case AF, anterograde label in AM was seen at the dorsomedial part at the central and caudal extent of the nucleus (Fig. 3, top, A–D, case AF). The labeled axonal terminals were clustered in several patches. Projections from the cortex were more widely distributed than the label ...
The Third Generation of Neural Networks
... network for all problems. For several years, this was the suggested advice. However, just because a single layer network can, in theory, learn anything, the universal approximation theorem does not say anything about how easy it will be to learn. Additional hidden layers make problems easier to lea ...
... network for all problems. For several years, this was the suggested advice. However, just because a single layer network can, in theory, learn anything, the universal approximation theorem does not say anything about how easy it will be to learn. Additional hidden layers make problems easier to lea ...
Psychological and Neuroscientific Connections with Reinforcement
... understanding of psychology and neuroscience can inspire research in RL and machine learning in general. ...
... understanding of psychology and neuroscience can inspire research in RL and machine learning in general. ...
Visualizing vocal perception in the chimpanzee
... primate communicative signals and their neural correlates are essential for understanding the origins and evolution of human language. Although a variety of behavioral and neurophysiological techniques have been employed with monkeys and other species, such as single-cell recording and lesion studie ...
... primate communicative signals and their neural correlates are essential for understanding the origins and evolution of human language. Although a variety of behavioral and neurophysiological techniques have been employed with monkeys and other species, such as single-cell recording and lesion studie ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.