Cerebellum
... cerebellar cortex (passing through the restiform body=pedunculus cerebellaris inferior) as climbing fibers. Structure of the Cerebellar Cortex The cerebellar cortex has the same structure all over the cerebellum and the structural arrangement of the neural elements is strictly geometric. The cerebel ...
... cerebellar cortex (passing through the restiform body=pedunculus cerebellaris inferior) as climbing fibers. Structure of the Cerebellar Cortex The cerebellar cortex has the same structure all over the cerebellum and the structural arrangement of the neural elements is strictly geometric. The cerebel ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception 1.1.3 Effect of reverberation on coding of envelope modulations Speech reception depends critically on temporal modulations in the amplitude envelope of the speech signal. Reverberation encountered in everyday environments can substantially attenuat ...
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception 1.1.3 Effect of reverberation on coding of envelope modulations Speech reception depends critically on temporal modulations in the amplitude envelope of the speech signal. Reverberation encountered in everyday environments can substantially attenuat ...
A first-principle for the nervous system
... cue stimulus. The cue stimulus is expected to induce units of internal sensations that undergo a computational process at physiological time-scales. For example, rapidly changing a general cue stimulus step-by-step towards a specific one leads to corresponding changes in the retrieved memories from ...
... cue stimulus. The cue stimulus is expected to induce units of internal sensations that undergo a computational process at physiological time-scales. For example, rapidly changing a general cue stimulus step-by-step towards a specific one leads to corresponding changes in the retrieved memories from ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... has succeeded to train monkeys to increase motor cortex lowgamma waves of local field potential (LFP) (Figure 3). Singleneuron firing was recorded, and the enhancement of operantly conditioned oscillatory waves was accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This ...
... has succeeded to train monkeys to increase motor cortex lowgamma waves of local field potential (LFP) (Figure 3). Singleneuron firing was recorded, and the enhancement of operantly conditioned oscillatory waves was accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This ...
Learning Through Imitation: a Biological Approach to Robotics
... mouth or placing it into a container, respectively. In the other condition the monkey had to perform the described actions itself. In the present work, we modified the original paradigm by replacing the piece of food and the metal cube with two colored polystyrene blocks. Additionally, the robot’s m ...
... mouth or placing it into a container, respectively. In the other condition the monkey had to perform the described actions itself. In the present work, we modified the original paradigm by replacing the piece of food and the metal cube with two colored polystyrene blocks. Additionally, the robot’s m ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... When neural tracers were introduced to map pathways, it became clear that connections between areas are bidirectional but unequal in density and laminar distribution across directions. This rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to ...
... When neural tracers were introduced to map pathways, it became clear that connections between areas are bidirectional but unequal in density and laminar distribution across directions. This rule was illustrated by the connections of the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in layer 3 of V1 project to ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or less, than a biological function. Accepting this to be the case, it should be possible to identify the mechanisms that subserve cognitive pro ...
... the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or less, than a biological function. Accepting this to be the case, it should be possible to identify the mechanisms that subserve cognitive pro ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... stochastic nature of the computations. However, we show that to understand analytically (mathematically) the stable points of the network, for example what decisions may be reached, it is helpful to incorporate a mean field approach that is consistent with the integrate-and-fire model. The mean field a ...
... stochastic nature of the computations. However, we show that to understand analytically (mathematically) the stable points of the network, for example what decisions may be reached, it is helpful to incorporate a mean field approach that is consistent with the integrate-and-fire model. The mean field a ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... pathological changes subsequent to ablation, some studies also examined cortical projection systems in apes (Walker, 1938; Lassek and Wheatley, 1945; Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain d ...
... pathological changes subsequent to ablation, some studies also examined cortical projection systems in apes (Walker, 1938; Lassek and Wheatley, 1945; Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain d ...
Jukic et al. SUPPLEMANTARY SUPLEMENTARY METHODS En1+/
... Prior to the experiment animals were exposed for two weeks to two bottles of tap water. During the following 6 weeks animals received a choice between water and a 2% or 5% sucrose solution and sucrose preference was calculated for the last four weeks according to the weekly protocol. Every week, mic ...
... Prior to the experiment animals were exposed for two weeks to two bottles of tap water. During the following 6 weeks animals received a choice between water and a 2% or 5% sucrose solution and sucrose preference was calculated for the last four weeks according to the weekly protocol. Every week, mic ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... however, multi-units were never studied closer than 200 ffM apart. In some animals penetrations were widely spaced throughout the inferior temporal region. In other animals penetrations were closely spaced, sometimes every millimeter, to detect any small-scale organization and particularly to study ...
... however, multi-units were never studied closer than 200 ffM apart. In some animals penetrations were widely spaced throughout the inferior temporal region. In other animals penetrations were closely spaced, sometimes every millimeter, to detect any small-scale organization and particularly to study ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... (Fig. 2). Posterior cortices in temporo-occipital areas were also activated [3,11]. By contrast, the dorso-lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus were the least active brain regions [1,3]. Figure 2 shows the typical pattern of relative activa ...
... (Fig. 2). Posterior cortices in temporo-occipital areas were also activated [3,11]. By contrast, the dorso-lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus were the least active brain regions [1,3]. Figure 2 shows the typical pattern of relative activa ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... numerous practical problems [4]. At the same time the same devices were proposed as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher level mental processes [5] and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational mode ...
... numerous practical problems [4]. At the same time the same devices were proposed as models of cognition capable of explaining both higher level mental processes [5] and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational mode ...
Emotion and decision-making explained: A prEcis
... (f) Another design principle is that the outputs of the reward and punishment value systems must be treated by the action system as being the goals for action. The action systems must be built to try to maximize the activation of the representations produced by rewarding events, and to minimize the ...
... (f) Another design principle is that the outputs of the reward and punishment value systems must be treated by the action system as being the goals for action. The action systems must be built to try to maximize the activation of the representations produced by rewarding events, and to minimize the ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... to the benchmarks identified above, and to identify those areas where ideas developed in one system could be transferred to other systems. Inevitably, our sampling of specific experimental papers (particularly in subject areas with which we are less familiar) is somewhat arbitrary, and we must apolo ...
... to the benchmarks identified above, and to identify those areas where ideas developed in one system could be transferred to other systems. Inevitably, our sampling of specific experimental papers (particularly in subject areas with which we are less familiar) is somewhat arbitrary, and we must apolo ...
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a
... a crucial common feature: they all depend on the constitution of a shared meaningful intersubjective space. I propose that the shared manifold space—orthogonal to imitation, empathy and to the attribution of intentions— relies on a specific functional mechanism, which is probably also a basic featur ...
... a crucial common feature: they all depend on the constitution of a shared meaningful intersubjective space. I propose that the shared manifold space—orthogonal to imitation, empathy and to the attribution of intentions— relies on a specific functional mechanism, which is probably also a basic featur ...
The Non-Visual Detection of Staring
... anxious not to imply that the projection occurs through the eyes, as in old-style extramission theories. In his diagram of a man looking at a cat, the phenomenal projection arises from the head (see p. 111 above, Figure 1). But surely the perceptual projection hypothesis would work best if the proje ...
... anxious not to imply that the projection occurs through the eyes, as in old-style extramission theories. In his diagram of a man looking at a cat, the phenomenal projection arises from the head (see p. 111 above, Figure 1). But surely the perceptual projection hypothesis would work best if the proje ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... A claim that the human brain is altered by aging is unlikely to provoke a debate, and few would argue that the effects of age on brain structure are uniform and diffuse. What remains unsettled are more complex questions regarding specific patterns of cerebral aging and their underlying mechanisms. I ...
... A claim that the human brain is altered by aging is unlikely to provoke a debate, and few would argue that the effects of age on brain structure are uniform and diffuse. What remains unsettled are more complex questions regarding specific patterns of cerebral aging and their underlying mechanisms. I ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... and thus maximise the fitness for survival. Without the evolutionary perspective, animal learning and game theory might be short sighted and prone to local optima but long-term errors. ...
... and thus maximise the fitness for survival. Without the evolutionary perspective, animal learning and game theory might be short sighted and prone to local optima but long-term errors. ...
12 - Mrs. Jensen's Science Classroom
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
... • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
Edward Jones
... practical, and oral—covering all of the material at the end. It was very demanding in the amount of learning required, and I doubt that any modern medical student would handle it without complaint. Most of us did handle it, but it was still possible to fail and be dismissed from the School. The Anat ...
... practical, and oral—covering all of the material at the end. It was very demanding in the amount of learning required, and I doubt that any modern medical student would handle it without complaint. Most of us did handle it, but it was still possible to fail and be dismissed from the School. The Anat ...
Predictions, perception, and a sense of self
... (A) This figure summarizes the architecture of neuronal message passing that underlies predictive coding in the brain.8,10 The postulate is that neuronal activity encodes expectations about the causes of sensory input and these expectations attempt to minimize prediction error. Prediction error is s ...
... (A) This figure summarizes the architecture of neuronal message passing that underlies predictive coding in the brain.8,10 The postulate is that neuronal activity encodes expectations about the causes of sensory input and these expectations attempt to minimize prediction error. Prediction error is s ...
Resources: - Real Science
... We probably spend more time thinking about what we are going to do than in what we have done, says Karl Szpunar. “But not much is known about how we form these mental images of the future." Szpunar is lead author of the study. He is a psychology doctoral student in Arts & Sciences at Washington Uni ...
... We probably spend more time thinking about what we are going to do than in what we have done, says Karl Szpunar. “But not much is known about how we form these mental images of the future." Szpunar is lead author of the study. He is a psychology doctoral student in Arts & Sciences at Washington Uni ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.