Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... The era of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel had “profound physiological implications” for the study of cortical processing (see Kandel, 2014). Hubel and Wiesel (1959) characterized the response properties of visual cortical neurons in columns: V1 neurons respond to their selective stimulus (e.g., a lin ...
... The era of Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel had “profound physiological implications” for the study of cortical processing (see Kandel, 2014). Hubel and Wiesel (1959) characterized the response properties of visual cortical neurons in columns: V1 neurons respond to their selective stimulus (e.g., a lin ...
Classical Conditioning
... Learning can be inferred from performance, but performance is not always an accurate measure of learning ...
... Learning can be inferred from performance, but performance is not always an accurate measure of learning ...
Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee
... Box 1 | What is up and what is down? In naming the subventricular zone (SVZ) the Boulder Committee followed the convention of classical embryology: the ventricular surface was considered the top of the proliferative zone and the layers were described downwards from the ventricular surface. Similarly ...
... Box 1 | What is up and what is down? In naming the subventricular zone (SVZ) the Boulder Committee followed the convention of classical embryology: the ventricular surface was considered the top of the proliferative zone and the layers were described downwards from the ventricular surface. Similarly ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de novo creation of new kinds of elements. Combinatoric emergence is exemplifi ...
... being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de novo creation of new kinds of elements. Combinatoric emergence is exemplifi ...
Cortical Functions Reference
... Lesions in the left superior parietal lobe are associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensory loss). It is well established that astereognosis (or tac ...
... Lesions in the left superior parietal lobe are associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensory loss). It is well established that astereognosis (or tac ...
PDF
... three groups of neurons: superficial pyramidal cells, deep pyramidal cells and a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three groups are interconnected, while thalamic input mainly targets superficial pyramidal cells and inhibitory cells. These connections allow the circuit to amplify transient thalam ...
... three groups of neurons: superficial pyramidal cells, deep pyramidal cells and a common pool of inhibitory cells. All three groups are interconnected, while thalamic input mainly targets superficial pyramidal cells and inhibitory cells. These connections allow the circuit to amplify transient thalam ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... possible action that might be performed by the monkey. When the object is manipulated by another agent, this possibility becomes unlikely. Mirror neurons are active when either the animal produces the action or when observing another agent produce the action. Interestingly, these neurons are not act ...
... possible action that might be performed by the monkey. When the object is manipulated by another agent, this possibility becomes unlikely. Mirror neurons are active when either the animal produces the action or when observing another agent produce the action. Interestingly, these neurons are not act ...
The nature of neuronal words and language
... where specific frequency-encoded neuronal words appear to play an important role. As an example, based on a recorded neuronal frequency of 100 Hz, a neuronal spike with a total spike length of 1 ms and a total pause length of 9 ms would constitute the neuronal S/P word ( S1P9) of 10 ms duration. Whe ...
... where specific frequency-encoded neuronal words appear to play an important role. As an example, based on a recorded neuronal frequency of 100 Hz, a neuronal spike with a total spike length of 1 ms and a total pause length of 9 ms would constitute the neuronal S/P word ( S1P9) of 10 ms duration. Whe ...
Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their
... onset of the genetic manipulation and the cell type that is affected (1–3). However, even the most specific genetic designs affect entire populations of neurons, typically in multiple brain regions. The current transgenic兾knockout technologies thus do not allow targeting of small neuronal networks o ...
... onset of the genetic manipulation and the cell type that is affected (1–3). However, even the most specific genetic designs affect entire populations of neurons, typically in multiple brain regions. The current transgenic兾knockout technologies thus do not allow targeting of small neuronal networks o ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... Auditory signals are transmitted from the inner ear through the brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. Th ...
... Auditory signals are transmitted from the inner ear through the brainstem to the higher auditory regions of the brain. Neurons throughout the auditory system are tuned to stimulus frequency, and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. Th ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected with one another are considered, it emerges that the vari ...
... motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected with one another are considered, it emerges that the vari ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... on the basis of studies of the mammalian thalamic ventrobasal complex (VB). More recent studies, using precisely controlled mechanical stimulation (e.g., Golovchinsky et al., 198 I), have confirmed that the vast majority of VB neurons display such properties (see Welker, 1973, for a comprehensive re ...
... on the basis of studies of the mammalian thalamic ventrobasal complex (VB). More recent studies, using precisely controlled mechanical stimulation (e.g., Golovchinsky et al., 198 I), have confirmed that the vast majority of VB neurons display such properties (see Welker, 1973, for a comprehensive re ...
Deep within my whole biochemical being?
... understanding at that point was that my learning happens in the neurons and there are neurons in my brain. I read many books and journal articles on the neuroscience of learning, on how the brain works, on the biology of the mind, the biology of belief, learning and education (Fagnou and Tuchek 1995 ...
... understanding at that point was that my learning happens in the neurons and there are neurons in my brain. I read many books and journal articles on the neuroscience of learning, on how the brain works, on the biology of the mind, the biology of belief, learning and education (Fagnou and Tuchek 1995 ...
Behavioral Detectability of Single-Cell Stimulation in the Ventral
... cells in whisker-related parts of the thalamus, we applied microstimulawe only mildly punished licks in the interstimulus interval with an addition at intensities (8 –15 A) slightly higher than during psychophysical tional 1.5 s delay to the next stimulus presentation. The average interexperiments ...
... cells in whisker-related parts of the thalamus, we applied microstimulawe only mildly punished licks in the interstimulus interval with an addition at intensities (8 –15 A) slightly higher than during psychophysical tional 1.5 s delay to the next stimulus presentation. The average interexperiments ...
Chapter 14: Brain Control of Movement
... Represent highest levels of motor control Decisions made about actions and their outcome Area 5: Inputs from areas 3, 1, and 2 Area 7: Inputs from higher-order visual cortical areas such as MT ...
... Represent highest levels of motor control Decisions made about actions and their outcome Area 5: Inputs from areas 3, 1, and 2 Area 7: Inputs from higher-order visual cortical areas such as MT ...
Session 8. Madness and Wisdom
... genetic causes of mental disorders are very complex. Sickle-cell disease allows us to consider the basic concepts of inherited disorders. The genetics of this disorder are simple. 1. the disease is caused by an abnormal gene that causes the blood cells to become shaped like sickles rather than donut ...
... genetic causes of mental disorders are very complex. Sickle-cell disease allows us to consider the basic concepts of inherited disorders. The genetics of this disorder are simple. 1. the disease is caused by an abnormal gene that causes the blood cells to become shaped like sickles rather than donut ...
The Nervous System
... nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in brain stem other nuclei located in brain stem control breathing, the force and rate of heart contractions, and blood vessel diameter ...
... nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in brain stem other nuclei located in brain stem control breathing, the force and rate of heart contractions, and blood vessel diameter ...
empathize with fictional characters
... typically associated with language disorders, and brain imaging studies using language activation tasks invariably activate this brain region. There is also a functional argument linking mirror neurons to language. Indeed, well before mirror neurons were discovered, some linguists proposed that for ...
... typically associated with language disorders, and brain imaging studies using language activation tasks invariably activate this brain region. There is also a functional argument linking mirror neurons to language. Indeed, well before mirror neurons were discovered, some linguists proposed that for ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... et al. 1990, Wieniawa-Narkiewicz et al. 1992, Wimborne and Henry 1992). These different approaches have resulted in a large body of data on cat cortical organization. Yet, there is widespread agreement on the validity of only three subdivisions of visual cortex in cats- area 17 or V l , area 18 or V ...
... et al. 1990, Wieniawa-Narkiewicz et al. 1992, Wimborne and Henry 1992). These different approaches have resulted in a large body of data on cat cortical organization. Yet, there is widespread agreement on the validity of only three subdivisions of visual cortex in cats- area 17 or V l , area 18 or V ...
Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Auditory Image
... of neural activity. Thus, these methods are invaluable tools for localizing cognitive functions, and their application to issues of auditory imagery is described below. The temporal properties of neural responses in cognitive tasks are best captured by direct measures of the neural activity. The ele ...
... of neural activity. Thus, these methods are invaluable tools for localizing cognitive functions, and their application to issues of auditory imagery is described below. The temporal properties of neural responses in cognitive tasks are best captured by direct measures of the neural activity. The ele ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
... If fewer then half of the bits of the starting patterns Si are wrong they will be overwhelmed in the sum for the net input The network will correct errors and so the pattern is an attractor All starting configurations with more than half the bits different from the original pattern will end up in th ...
... If fewer then half of the bits of the starting patterns Si are wrong they will be overwhelmed in the sum for the net input The network will correct errors and so the pattern is an attractor All starting configurations with more than half the bits different from the original pattern will end up in th ...
Separate neural subsystems within `Wernicke`s area`
... voice is dependent on neurons within the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which separates the STG and middle temporal gyrus (Fig. 1). In addition, they referred to microelectrode studies in the auditory cortex of non-human primates. Core auditory cortex in monkeys is organized cochleotopically, with ...
... voice is dependent on neurons within the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which separates the STG and middle temporal gyrus (Fig. 1). In addition, they referred to microelectrode studies in the auditory cortex of non-human primates. Core auditory cortex in monkeys is organized cochleotopically, with ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... cortex acts retroactively and the pre-supplementary motor area acts proactively to enable behavioral switching. The lateral prefrontal cortex reconfigures cognitive processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical sign ...
... cortex acts retroactively and the pre-supplementary motor area acts proactively to enable behavioral switching. The lateral prefrontal cortex reconfigures cognitive processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical sign ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... vertebrates) in the six-layered dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The latter is the source of the thalamocortical fibers that target the primary visual cortex. Processing of the optic input starts at the retinal level, most important of which is the momentous achievement of turning the absence of p ...
... vertebrates) in the six-layered dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The latter is the source of the thalamocortical fibers that target the primary visual cortex. Processing of the optic input starts at the retinal level, most important of which is the momentous achievement of turning the absence of p ...
David H. Hubel - Nobel Lecture
... strips”, reverberating circuits. or electrical field effects. This last notion was taken so seriously that no less a figure than our laureate-colleague Roger Sperry had had to put it to rest, in 1955, by dicing up the cortex with mica plates to insulate the subdivisions, and by skewering it with tan ...
... strips”, reverberating circuits. or electrical field effects. This last notion was taken so seriously that no less a figure than our laureate-colleague Roger Sperry had had to put it to rest, in 1955, by dicing up the cortex with mica plates to insulate the subdivisions, and by skewering it with tan ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.